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Impacts of Climate Change on Agriculture and Adaptive Strategies in China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第8期12卷 1402-1408页

作者： LI Rui-li shu geng School of Environment and Energy Shenzhen Graduate SchoolPeking University Department of Plant Sciences University of California

China is the world＇s most populous country and a major emitter of greenhouse gases. Consequently, China＇s role in climate change has received a great deal of attention, whereas the impact of climate change on China has been largely ignored. Studies on the impacts of climate change on agriculture and adaptation strategies are increasingly becoming major areas of scientific concern. However, the clear warming that has been sounded in China in recent decades has not been matched with a clear assessment of the impact of climate change on China＇s water resources and agriculture. In the present study, we review observations on climate change, hydrology, and agriculture in China and relate these observations to likely future changes. We also analyse the adaptive strategies in China＇s agriculture.

关键词： agriculture China climate change hydrology temperature

New Food Safety Law of China and the special issue on food safety in China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第11期14卷 2136-2141页

作者： shu geng LIU Xu Roger Beachy Journal of Integrative Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Sino-US Joint Food Safety Research Center Northwest A&F University Chinese Academy of Engineering World Food Center University of California

1. IntroductionThere have been a number of serious incidents of compro- mised food safety in China in recent years. To list a few, these include： a Salmonella outbreak, the use of horse- meat in burgers, the illegal use of phthalates as a clouding agent, the contamination of formula milk by melamine, the meat scandal of Shanghai Husi Food Company which sold reprocessed stale meat to many fast food chains includ- ing McDonald＇s, Burger King, and KFC across theworld,

关键词： New Food Safety Law of China and the special issue on food safety in China FSMA

资本账户开放、短期国际资本流动与汇率时变关系研究

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金融论坛 2024年第1期 45-57页

作者：胡文涛戴淑庚厦门大学经济学院金融系厦门大学经济学院金融系国际金融教研室

本文采用DY溢出指数和LT-TVP-VAR模型考察资本账户开放、短期国际资本流动和汇率之间的动态关系。研究表明:资本账户开放、短期国际资本流动和汇率之间存在显著的时变联动关系;资本账户开放对短期国际资本流动与汇率冲击的反应模式存在... 详细信息

本文采用DY溢出指数和LT-TVP-VAR模型考察资本账户开放、短期国际资本流动和汇率之间的动态关系。研究表明:资本账户开放、短期国际资本流动和汇率之间存在显著的时变联动关系;资本账户开放对短期国际资本流动与汇率冲击的反应模式存在短期动态权衡规则,针对短期国际资本流动冲击的反应力度更大;随着对外开放水平提升,资本账户开放度、短期国际资本流动与汇率之间的互动传导渠道逐步畅通,且资本账户开放与短期国际资本流动之间存在互动强化效应,并对汇率产生叠加冲击;此外,汇率市场化进一步加剧三者时变关系的复杂性与异质性。

关键词：资本账户开放度短期国际资本流动汇率 DY溢出指数 LT-TVP-VAR模型

Agricultural pesticide use and food safety:California's model

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第11期14卷 2340-2357页

作者： Minghua Zhang Michael R Zeiss shu geng Department of Land Air and Water ResourcesUniversity of California California Department of Pesticide Regulation Sino-US Joint Food Safety Research Center Northwest A&F University Department of Plant Sciences University of California

Pesticides have been an essential part of agriculture to protect crops and livestock from pest infestations and yield reduction for many decades. Despite their usefulness, pesticides could pose potential risks to food safety and the environment as well as human health. This paper reviews the positive benefits of agricultural pesticide use as well as some potential negative impacts on the environment and food safety. In addition, using the case of California, we discuss the need for both residue monitoring and effective pest management to promote food safety. Twenty years＇ pesticide residue data from California＇s pesticide residue monitoring program were analyzed. Results showed that more than 95% of food samples were in compliance with US pesticide residue standards （tolerances）. However, certain commodities from certain sources had high percentages of residues above tolerance levels. Even when residues above tolerance levels were detected, most were at levels well below 1 mg kg^-1, and most posed negligible acute health risk. However, a few detected residues had the potential to cause health effects. Therefore, establishing an effective food residue monitoring program is important to ensure food quality throughout the marketplace.

关键词： food safety food security pesticide use residue monitoring environmental impacts IPM tolerances maximum residue limits （MRLs）

Calculation and Simulation of Evapotranspiration of Applied Water

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2012年第3期11卷 489-501页

作者： Richard L Snyder shu geng Morteza Orang Sara Sarreshteh Department of Land Air and Water Resources University of California Davis CA 95616 USA School of Environment and Energy Shenzhen Graduate School Peking University Shenzhen 518055 P.R.China Department of Plant Sciences University of California Davis CA 95616 USA California Department of Water Resources Division of Statewide Integrated Water Management Water Use and Efficiency SacramentoCA 94236 USA

The University of California, Davis and the California Department of Water Resources have developed a weather generator application program “SIMETAW” to simulate weather data from climatic records and to estimate reference evapotranspiration （ETo） and crop evapotranspiration （ETc） with the generated simulation data or with observed data. A database of default soil depth and water holding characteristics, effective crop rooting depths, and crop coefficient （Kc） values to convert ETo to ETc are input into the program. After calculating daily ETc, the input and derived data are used to determine effective rainfall and to generate hypothetical irrigation schedules to estimate the seasonal and annual evapotranspiration of applied water （ETaw）, where ETaw is the net amount of irrigation water needed to produce a crop. in this paper, we will discuss the simulation model and how it determines ETaw for use in water resources planning.

关键词： weather generator water balance crop water requirements water resource planning crop coefficient

Technologies for Efficient Use of Irrigation Water and Energy in China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第8期12卷 1363-1370页

作者： ZHANG Qing-tao XIA Qing Clark C K Liu shu geng Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology School of Environment and EnergyPeking University Shenzhen Graduate School Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Hawaii at Manoa Department of Plant Sciences University of California

While the shortage of water and energy is a well-recognized worldwide natural resources issue, little attention has been given to irrigation energy efficiency. In this paper, we examine the potential energy savings that can be achieved by implementing improved irrigation technologies in China. The use of improved irrigation management measures such as a flow meter, irrigation scheduling, and/or regular maintenance and upgrades, typically reduces the amount of water pumped over the course of a growing season. The total energy saved by applying these improved measures could reach 20%, as compared with traditional irrigation methods. Two methods of irrigation water conveyance by traditional earth canal and low pressure pipeline irrigation （LPPI） were also evaluated. Our study indicated that LPPI could save 6.48x 109 kWh yr1 when applied to 11 Chinese provinces. Also, the COz emission was reduced by 6.72 metric tons per year. Among these 11 surveyed provinces, the energy saving potential for two provinces, Hebei and Shandong, could reach 1.45 x 109 kWh yr^-1. Using LPPI, potential energy saved and CO2 emissions reduced in the other 20 Chinese provinces were estimated at about 2.97×109 kWh yr-1 and 2.69 metric tons per year, respectively. The energy saving potential for Heilongjiang, a major agriculture province, could reach 1.77× 109 kWh yr-1, which is the largest in all provinces. If LPPI is applied to the entire country, average annual energy saving of more than 9 billion kWh and average annual CO2 emission reduction of more than 9.0 metric tons could be realized. Rice is one of the largest users of the world＇s fresh water resources. Compared with continuous flooding irrigation, intermittent irrigation （ITI） can improve yield and water-use efficiency in paddy fields. The total increments of net output energy and yield by ITI in paddy fields across China could reach 2.5× 1016 calories and l07 tons, respectively. So far only a small part of agricultural land in China has adopted water and energy saving technologies.

关键词： water and energy efficiency irrigation management low pressure pipeline irrigation energy saving potential,intermittent irrigation

Systems research helping to meet the needs and managing the trade-offs of a changing world

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第8期14卷 1475-1477页

作者： Peter Carberry shu geng LIANG Wei-li LI Ling-ling Member of JIA Editorial Board International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics Executive Editor-in-Chief of JIA Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University University of California at Davis Faculty of Agronomy Agricultural University of Hebei Baoding School of Agronomy Gansu Agricultural University

Facing the challenges of an increasing world population, a changing climate and ever depleting resources, agricultural intensification （Keating et al. 2010） is one of the few options for meeting the demand of food security. It is necessary to apply a dynamic and systematic approach to effectively man- age the complex agri-eco production and green processing systems. Indeed, farming systems approach for appropriate technology development and simulation modeling is a result of adopting the system thinking by the agricultural research community （Norman et al. 1995）.

关键词： helping managing agricultural challenges farming revolution symposium thinking http options

高中化学必修新教科书中技术内容的分析及建议

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化学教育（中英文） 2024年第1期45卷 20-25页

作者：耿淑玲陈曦叶玲邹何悦湖南师范大学化学化工学院湖南长沙410081

技术素养是现代公民适应社会发展的必备素养,化学教育是培养技术素养的重要途径。依据技术素养的技术内容分析框架,对人教版、苏教版、鲁科版等高中化学必修新教科书中的技术内容进行文本分析,归纳出其特点如下:内容广泛多元,以技术知... 详细信息

技术素养是现代公民适应社会发展的必备素养,化学教育是培养技术素养的重要途径。依据技术素养的技术内容分析框架,对人教版、苏教版、鲁科版等高中化学必修新教科书中的技术内容进行文本分析,归纳出其特点如下:内容广泛多元,以技术知识为主;组织编排灵活,长短篇幅结合;文字呈现为主,图像类型多样。基于此,建议教科书编写应:丰富技术史知识;注重技术内容的编排与呈现;强化技术理性的地位。在教学中可以:创设真实的技术情境;重视技术理性的培养;开展技术实践活动。

关键词：技术素养化学必修新教科书技术内容

Methods to detect a vian influenza virus for food safety surveillance

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第11期14卷 2296-2308页

作者： SHI Ping shu geng LI Ting-ting LI Yu-shui FENG Ting WU Hua-nan School of Environment and Energy Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Sino-US Joint Food Safety Research Center Northwest A&F University Department of Plant Science University of California

Avian influenza （AI）, caused by the influenza A virus, has been a global concern for public health. AI outbreaks not only impact the poultry production, but also give rise to a risk in food safety caused by viral contamination of poultry products in the food supply chain. Distinctions in AI outbreak between strains H5N1 and H7N9 indicate that early detection of the AI virus in poultry is crucial for the effective warning and control of AI to ensure food safety. Therefore, the establishment of a poultry surveillance system for food safety by early detection is urgent and critical. In this article, methods to detect AI virus, including current methods recommended by the World Health Organization （WHO） and the World Organisation for Animal Health （Office International des Epizooties, OIE） and novel techniques not commonly used or commercialized are reviewed and evaluated for feasibility of use in the poultry surveillance system. Conventional methods usually applied for the purpose of AI diagnosis face some practical challenges to establishing a comprehensive poultry surveillance program in the poultry supply chain. Diverse development of new technologies can meet the specific requirements of AI virus detection in various stages or scenarios throughout the poultry supply chain where onsite, rapid and ultrasensitive methods are emphasized. Systematic approaches or integrated methods ought to be employed according to the application scenarios at every stage of the poultry supply chain to prevent AI outbreaks.

关键词： avian influenza food safety detection methods poultry supply chain surveillance system