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发展中国家的玻璃体视网膜病变的治疗:尼泊尔玻璃体手术适应证及预后

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（眼科学分册） 2005年第7期1卷 43-43页

作者： Paudyal G. Doshi V. shrestha m.k. m.V. kalayoglu 邢咏新 mIT Sloan School of management 50Memorial Drive CambridgeMA 02142- 1347 United States

Purpose: To examine the outcomes of vitreoretinal surgery for retinal disorders at Tilganga Eye Centre in kathmandu, Nepal. Design: Retrospective noncomparative case series. Participants: Records of 255 patients undergoing vitreoretinal surgery from December 2000 to January 2003 were reviewed. methods: Demographics, diagnoses, duration of symptoms, vision, and examination findings were noted before and after vitreoretinal surgery. main Outcome measures: Postoperative data were categorized by surgery type and analyzed by anatomic success, symptoms, and visual acuity (VA). Results: Sixteen percent of patients had >6/60 vision preoperatively, and the mean duration of vision loss before presentation was 4.9 months. major indications for surgery were retinal detachment (RD) (75% ) and vitreous hemorrhage (19% ). Anatomic success was achieved in 74.5% of patients. Postoperatively,39% of patients experienced improved VA, with 33% obtaining >6/60 vision. Conclusions: Despite prolonged duration of vision loss at presentation, vitreoretinal surgery in the developing world can restore useful vision in many patients with RD and vitreous hemorrhage.

关键词：玻璃体手术视网膜脱离术后视力病例记录眼科中心人口统计学病例研究类型分类

Quantifying Creep of Concrete Filled Steel Tubes

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Journal of Donghua University(English Edition) 2010年第6期27卷 796-805页

作者：陈宝春 shrestha k m College of Civil Engineering Fuzhou University

Using age adjusted effective modulus(AAEm)method,creep of concrete filled steel tube(CFST)member was formulated considering of creep coefficient and aging *** CFST specimens were tested including eight for creep and two for *** experimental result was compared with the computed result using AAEm in which the creep coefficient was taken from calibration of ACI model based on experimental result on sealed concrete,and aging coefficient was supplied from relaxation test on sealed concrete ***,the creep of CFST member was analyzed using author's own subroutine to input concrete properties through user programmable feature(UPF)in ANSYS *** was made on authors' own experimental database,some existing experimental results,and results from AAEm and numerical ***,the conditions of applicability of AAEm method are put forward,and numerical approach to compute creep of CFST specimen is delineated.

关键词： age adjusted effective modulus(AAEm) concrete filled steel tube(CFST) creep test user programmable feature(UPF) subroutine numerical analysis

Topography and human disturbances are major controlling factors in treeline pattern at Barun and manang area in the Nepal Himalaya

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Journal of mountain Science 2017年第1期14卷 119-127页

作者： Parveen k.CHHETRI krishna B.shrestha David m.CAIRNS Department of Geography Texas A&M University College Station TX 77840 USA UiB Global Jekteviksbakken 31 PO Box 7800 5020 Bergen Norway

The alpine treeline ecotone is an important component of mountain ecosystems of the Nepal Himalaya; it plays a vital role in the livelihood of indigenous people,and provides ecosystem services. However,the region faces a problem of paucity of data on treeline characteristics at the regional and landscape scales. Therefore,we used Remote Sensing(RS),and Geographic Information Science(GIS) approaches to investigate cross-scale interactions in the treeline ecotone. Additionally,European Space Agency land cover map,International Center for Integrated mountain Development(ICImOD) land cover map,ecological map of Nepal,and United States Geological Survey Shuttle Radar Topography mission-Digital Elevation model were used to analyze treeline pattern at the regional scale. Digital Globe high-resolution satellite imagery of Barun(eastern Nepal) and manang(central Nepal) were used to study treeline patterns at the landscape scale. Treeline elevation ranges from 3300-4300 m above sea level. Abies spectabilis,Betula utilis,and Pinus wallichiana are the main treeline-forming species in the Nepal Himalaya. There is an east to west treeline elevationgradient at the regional scale. No slope exposure is observed at the regional scale; however,at the landscape scale,slope exposure is present only in a disturbed area(manang). Topography and human disturbance are the main treeline controlling factor in Barun and manang respectively.

关键词： Alpine Treeline mountain ecosystem Himalaya Remote Sensing(RS) Geographic Information Science(GIS)

Factors associated with crash severities in built-up areas along rural highways of Nevada:A case study of 11 towns

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2017年第1期4卷 96-102页

作者： Pramen P.shrestha k.Joseph shrestha Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction University of Nevada Las VegasLas VegasNV 89154USA Department of Engineering Technology Surveyingand Digital MediaEast Tennessee State UniversityJohnson CityTN 37614USA

In 2014, 32,675 deaths were recorded in vehicle crashes within the United States. Out of these, 51% of the fatalities occurred in rural highways compared to 49% in urban highways. No specific crash data are available for the built-up areas along rural highways. Due to high fatalities in rural highways, it is important to identify the factors that cause the vehicle crashes. The main objective of this study is to determine the factors associated with se- verities of crashes that occurred in built-up areas along the rural highways of Nevada. Those factors could aid in m.k.ng informed decisions while setting up speed zones in these built-up areas. Using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression model, 337 crashes that occurred in 11 towns along the rural highways from 2002 to 2010 were analyzed. The results showed that more crashes occurred during favorable driving conditions, e.g., 87% crashes on dry roads and 70% crashes in clear weather. The binary logistic regression model showed that crashes occurred from midnight until 4 a.m. were 58.3% likely to be injury crashes rather than property damage only crashes, when other factors were kept at their mean values. Crashes on weekdays were three times more likely to be injury crashes than that occurred on weekends. When other factors were kept at their mean value, crashes involving motorcycles had an 80.2% probability of being injury crashes. Speeding was found to be 17 times more responsible for injury crashes than mechanical defects of the vehicle. As a result of this study, the Nevada Department of Transportation now can take various steps to improve public safety, including steps to reduce speeding and encourage the use of helmets for motorcycle riders.

关键词： Speed-zone guideline Crash severity Binary logistic regression model Rural highway Nevada department of transportation

How does the stand structure of treeline-forming species shape the treeline ecotone in different regions of the Nepal Himalayas?

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Journal of mountain Science 2020年第10期17卷 2354-2368页

作者： Parveen k.CHHETRI Raju BISTA krishna B.shrestha Department of Earth Science and Geography California State UniversityDominguez HillsCarsonCalifornia90747USA Department of Biological Sciences University of BergenPO Box 7803N-5020BergenNorway

Stand structure dynamics are considered as major happenings in any forest as a response to environmental ***,this important topic is underrepresented in the treeline studies in the Nepal *** aimed to investigate site-as well as species-specific changes in morphometric features(basal diameter,crown cover,density,and height)along the elevational gradient across treeline ecotones in response to recent environmental *** stand structure characteristics of Abies spectabilis,Pinus wallichiana,and Betula utilis across the treeline ecotone of three study sites in Eastern(Barun),Central(manang),and Western(Dhorpatan)Nepal were analyzed to elucidate structural ***,eight transects(20 m×(60–250 m))across the treeline ecotone were *** of all life forms,trees(>2 m),saplings(0.5–2 m),and seedlings(m),within each transect were enumerated and sampled for the morphometric features and ***-specific and species-specific stand structure dynamics were *** rate of basal area increment was higher in Barun,but the manang treeline,despite profound regeneration in recent years,had a low annual basal area ***,the altitudinal distribution of age and morphometry were not consistent among those ***,intra-specific competition was not *** site-specific stand structure dynamics explain why treelines do not respond uniformly to increasing *** invokes,in further studies,the incorporation of the tree’s morphometric adaptation traits,phenotypic plasticity,and interactions between species genotype and the environment.

关键词： Climate change morphometry Nepal Himalayas Stand structure Treeline Tree-rings

Cholesterol crystal embolism leading to perforation of the gallbladder

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2007年第6期6卷 653-655页

作者： Janine Tappenden Simon k. Suvarna Roger Ackroyd Badri m. shrestha Northern General Hospital Herries Road Sheffield S5 7AU UK

BACkGROUND: Cholesterol crystal embolism (CCE) from atherosclerotic arterial disease leading to perforation of the gallbladder is rare. We describe our experience of managing a patient with perforation of gallbladder caused by CCE. mETHODS: A 64-year-old man was admitted to this hospital because of acute abdominal pain with clinical features suggestive of peritonitis. He was known to suffer from atherosclerotic peripheral arterial disease and had undergone aortobifemoral bypass 17 years ago. A CT scan showed a collection of peri-hepatic fluid. The gallbladder was normal in appearance but contained multiple calculi. At laparotomy, free bile was observed in the peritoneal cavity, leaking from a pin-hole size peroration of the fundus of the gallbladder. Hence cholecystectomy was performed. RESULTS: The patient made an uneventful recovery. Histological study of the gallbladder showed chronic cholecystitis and obliteration of the lumen of the mural arteries with cholesterol crystals within, indicating CCE. CONCLUSIONS: Although perforation of the gallbladder following CCE of its mural arteries is rare, the diagnosis should be considered in patients with abdominal pain and known atherosclerotic arterial disease. management should include an early recognition of this condition, prompt institution of treatment, prevention of further insults by discontinuing or avoiding predisposing factors, and modification of cardiovascular risk factors.

关键词： cholesterol crystal embolism perforation gallbladder peritonitis

Digital twin in power system research and development:Principle,scope,and challenges

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Energy Reviews 2023年第3期2卷 84-98页

作者： mohammed A.m.Yassin Ashish shrestha Suhaila Rabie Department of Electrical Engineering Information Technology and CyberneticsUniversity of South-Eastern NorwayPorsgrunnN-3918Norway

In order to address the issues that arise in modern power systems,such as system dynamics,stability,control,efficiency,reliability,economy,planning and policy,and so on,efforts have been made to develop new tools and techniques,components,methodologies,and scientific innovations in a variety of *** efforts have been undertaken to address these *** term“digital twin”(DT)refers to one of the most reliable and rapidly developing technologies that have recently been incorporated into a variety of applications,platforms,and realtime *** authors of this study offered a scoping review of DT technologies with a primary emphasis on power *** has been established that the underlying notion behind this technology,as well as its operating principle,types,communication channels and protocols,and standards,have all been thoroughly *** addition,the possibility of integrating other technologies with DT has also been considered,along with the potential benefits of doing so and the potential difficulties that may *** on the information gained from the current projects,the finished projects,the research publications,as well as the research and industry insights,a critical discussion has been made.

关键词： Communication channel Cyber-physical systems Digital twin Internet of things machine learning

An Assessment of Yarsagumba(Ophiocordyceps sinensis) Collection in Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve, Nepal

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Journal of mountain Science 2014年第2期11卷 555-562页

作者： Barna Bahadur THAPA Saroj PANTHI Rajesh kumar RAI Uttam Babu shrestha Achyut ARYAL Sabina shrestha Bhushan shrestha Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Babar Mahal Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Baglung Station Green Governance Nepal Department of Biology University of Massachusetts Institute of Natural and mathematical Sciences Massey University Graduate School of Biotechnology Institute of Life Sciences and Resources Kyung Hee University Green Energy mission/Nepal Ghatte Kulo Anam Nagar mushroom Research Division National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science Rural Development Administration

Yarsagumba(Ophiocordyceps sinensis), an endemic species to the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau, is one of the most valuable medicinal mushrooms in the world. In Nepal, it is distributed largely in isolated patches of alpine grasslands of 3,000-5,000 m elevation. Although it is reported from 27 northernmost districts of Nepal, the local distribution pattern of this species is largely ***, the collection system and local management regime of this species are not well documented. We conducted a field survey at Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve(DHR) among the different stakeholders in January-June 2012 to assess collection sites, patterns and trends and to understand the management regime. We estimated that about 75 kg of Yarsagumba is collected every year from DHR and the amount has been declining since 2008. To manage the resource, locals have initiated regulating the collection by issuing permits, taxing to the collectors, and monitoring the activities of harvesters with the help of park authorities. The revenue generated at local level from the permits has been used for community developmental activities.

关键词： Chinese caterpillar fungus medicinal fungus Himalayan gold Conservation Yartsagunbu

Habitat Range of two Alpine medicinal Plants in a Trans-Himalayan Dry Valley,Central Nepal

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Journal of mountain Science 2009年第1期6卷 66-77页

作者： Bharat Babu shrestha Pramod kumar JHA Central Department of Botany Tribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal

Understanding of the habitat range of threatened Himalayan medicinal plants which are declining in their abundance due to high anthropogenic disturbances is essential for developing conservation strategies and agrotechnologies for cultivation. In this communication, we have discussed the habitat range of two alpine medicinal plants, Aconitum naviculare （Bruehl） Stapf and Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora （Pennel） Hong in a trans-Himalayan dry valley of central Nepal, manang district. They are the most prioritized medicinal plants of the study area in terms of ethnomedicinal uses. A. naviculare occurs on warm and dry south facing slopes between 4090-4650 m asl along with sclerophyllous and thorny alpine scrubs, while N. scrophulariiflora is exclusively found on cool and moist north facing slope between 4000 and 4400 m asl where adequate water is available from snow melt to create a suitable habitat for this wetland dependent species. The soil in rooting zone of the two plants differs significantly in organic carbon （OC）, organic matter （Om）, total nitrogen （N） and carbon to nitrogen （C/N） ratio. Due to cool and moist condition of N. scrophulariiflora habitat, accumulation of soil OC is higher, but soil N content is lower probably due to slow release from litter, higher leaching loss and greater retention in perennial live biomass of the plant. The C/N ratio of soil is more suitable in A. navuculare habitat than that of N scrophulariiflora for N supply. Warm and sunny site with N rich soil can be suitable for cultivation ofA. naviculare, while moist and cool site with organic soil for N. scrophulariiflora. The populations of both the plants are fragmented and small. Due to collection by human and trampling damage by livestock, the population of A. naviculare was found absent in open areas in five of the six sampling sites and it was confined only within the bushes of alpine scrubs. For N. serophulariiflora, high probability of complete receding of small glaeiers may be

关键词： Aconitum naviculare Neopicrorhizascrophulariiflora habitat degradation nitrogen organic carbon radiation manang Nepal