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DICER-like Proteins and Their Role in Plant-herbivore Interactions in Nicotiana attenuata

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2012年第3期54卷 189-206页

作者： Tohir Ahmadovich Bozorov shree prakash pandey Son Truong Dinh Sang-Gyu Kim Maria Heinrich Klaus Gase Ian T. Baldwin Department of Molecular Ecology Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology 07745 Jena Germany Department of Biological Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur CampusPO: BCKV Campus Main Office Mohanpur Nadia West Bengal 741252 India.

DICER-like （DCL） proteins produce small RNAs that silence genes involved in development and defenses against viruses and pathogens. Which DCLs participate in plant-herbivore interactions remains unstudied. We identified and stably silenced four distinct DCL genes by RNAi in Nicotiana attenuata （Torrey ex. Watson）, a model for the study of plant-herbivore interactions. Silencing DCL1 expression was lethal. Manduca sexta larvae performed significantly better on ir-dcl3 and ir-dcl4 plants, but not on ir-dcl2 plants compared to wild type plants. Phytohormones, defense metabolites and microarray analyses revealed that when DCL3 and DCL4 were silenced separately, herbivore resistance traits were regulated in distinctly different ways. Crossing of the lines revealed complex interactions in the patterns of regulation. Single ir-dcl4 and double ir-dcl2 ir-dcl3 plants were impaired in JA accumulation, while JA- Ile was increased in ir-dcl3 plants. Ir-dcl3 and ir-dcl4 plants were impaired in nicotine accumulation; silencing DCL2 in combination with either DCL3 or DCL4 restored nicotine levels to those of WT. Trypsin proteinase inhibitor activity and transcripts were only silenced in ir-dcl3 plants. We conclude that DCL2/3/4 interact in a complex manner to regulate anti-herbivore defenses and that these interactions significantly complicate the already challenging task of understanding smRNA function in the regulation of biotic interactions.

关键词： DICER-like proteins anti-herbivore defense phytohormone signaling Manduca sexta Nicotiana attenuata.

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A dysregulated calcium homeostasis as the earliest pathological sign in stem cell-derived Parkinson's disease neurons?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1421-1422页

作者： Nilima prakash Working Group Human Stem Cell Research Department Hamm 2Hamm-Lippstadt University of Applied SciencesHammGermany

Parkinson’s disease(PD) is characterized by the slow and progressive demise of dopamine(DA)-synthesizing neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta(SNc),a nucleus located in the human ventral *** death also affects other regions in the brain at later stages of *** concomitant lack of DA in the human forebrain(striatum) leads to the typical motor symptoms of this still uncurable neurodegenerative disorder.

关键词： homeostasis dopamine death

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Mineralogy and geochemistry of trachytic rocks from the Lichi Volcanics, Eastern Himalaya: insights into the Kerguelen mantle plume activity in the Eastern Himalayan Region

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第1期43卷 180-197页

作者： Pallabi Basumatary Deepshikha Borah Hiredya Chauhan Tribujjal prakash Bibhuti Gogoi Department of Geology Cotton UniversityGuwahatiAssam 781001India Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology DehradunUttarakhand 248001India

The Lichi volcanics are a suite of mafic-intermediate-felsic rocks and are considered coeval with the Abor volcanics(~132 Ma) of the Siang window in the Eastern Himalaya. Here, we present the first report of trachytic rocks from the Lichi volcanics, which are exposed in the Ranga valley, along the Kimin-Yazali road section in the Eastern Himalayan Region, Northeast India. The trachytes occur in close association with sandstones of the Gondwana Group of rocks and are characterised based on field, petrographical, and geochemical *** fine-grained trachytes are composed of alkali feldspar, biotite, plagioclase, sodic-amphibole, apatite, illmenite, and titanite. The REE profiles of the evolved trachytic rocks(higher SiO_(2)content) display fractionated trends. The fractionation of accessory mineral phases, like apatite and titanite, was possibly responsible for the strongly fractionated REE patterns of the evolved *** trachytic rocks demonstrate high apatite saturation temperatures of 988 ± 14 ℃(1σ, n = 8). The Aluminium Saturation Index(< 1.1) and binary discrimination diagrams of these peralkaline trachytes define their affinity with A-type granitoids. Elemental ratios like Y/Nb, Nb/U,and Ce/Pb signify that the Lichi trachytes are differentiated products of mantle-derived ocean island basalts. Trace elemental discrimination diagrams Th/Yb versus Nb/Yb, Y versus Nb, and Y + Nb versus Rb reflect a within-plate tectonic regime for the trachytes. From the results presented in this work, we infer that the development of rifting events during the breakup of eastern Gondwana due to the onset of Kerguelen plume activity further led to underplating of basic magma in lower crustal levels. These parental basaltic magmas underwent fractionation processes forming differentiated trachyandesites and *** into consideration the similarities recorded between the Lichi volcanics and Abor volcanics, this study supports the idea that Kerguelen plume ac

关键词： Peralkaline trachytes Trachyandesites A-type granitoids Apatite saturation temperature Abor volcanics Eastern Gondwana

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Advancements on metal oxide semiconductor photocatalysts in photo-electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide into fuels and other useful products

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Frontiers in Energy 2024年第2期18卷 187-205页

作者： Jai prakash Zhangsen CHEN Shakshi SAINI Gaixia ZHANG Shuhui SUN Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology HamirpurHamirpur 177005India Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique(INRS) Centre Énergie Matériaux TélécommunicationsVarennes J3X 1P7Canada Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology MandiHimachal PradeshIndia Department of Electrical Engineering École de Technologie SupérieureMontréal H3C 1K3Canada

Due to its fascinating and tunable optoelectronic properties,semiconductor nanomaterials are the best choices for multidisciplinary ***,the use of semiconductor photocatalysts is one of the promising ways to harness solar energy for useful applications in the field of energy and *** recent years,metal oxide-based tailored semiconductor photocatalysts have extensively been used for photocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))into fuels and other useful products utilizing solar *** is very significant not only from renewable energy consumption but also from reducing global warming point of *** current research activities are promising for a better future of *** present mini-review is focused on recent developments(2–3 years)in metal oxide semiconductor hybrid photocatalysts-based photo-electrochemical conversion of CO_(2)into fuels and other useful ***,general mechanism of photo-electrochemical conversion of CO_(2)into fuels or other useful products has been ***,various metal oxide-based emerging hybrid photocatalysts including tailoring of their morphological,compositional,and optoelectronic properties have been discussed with emphasis on their role in enhancing photoelectrochemical ***,mechanism of their photo-electrochemical reactions and applications in CO_(2)conversion into fuels/other useful products have been ***,challenges and future prospects have been discussed followed by a summary.

关键词： metal-oxide semiconductors nanohybrid photocatalysts photo-electrochemical CO_(2)conversion tailoring morphology fuels challenges and future prospects

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Joint Rain Streaks & Haze Removal Network for Object Detection

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第6期79卷 4683-4702页

作者： Ragini Thatikonda prakash Kodali Ramalingaswamy Cheruku Eswaramoorthy K.V Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering National Institute of TechnologyWarangal506004India Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of TechnologyWarangal506004India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Indian Institute of Information TechnologyDesign and ManufacturingKurnool518008India

In the realm of low-level vision tasks,such as image deraining and dehazing,restoring images distorted by adverse weather conditions remains a significant *** emergence of abundant computational resources has driven the dominance of deep Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs),supplanting traditional methods reliant on prior ***,the evolution of CNN architectures has tended towards increasing complexity,utilizing intricate structures to enhance performance,often at the expense of computational *** response,we propose the Selective Kernel Dense Residual M-shaped Network(SKDRMNet),a flexible solution adept at balancing computational efficiency with network accuracy.A key innovation is the incorporation of an M-shaped hierarchical structure,derived from the U-Net framework as M-Network(M-Net),within which the Selective Kernel Dense Residual Module(SDRM)is introduced to reinforce multi-scale semantic feature *** methodology employs two sampling techniques-bilinear and pixel unshuffled and utilizes a multi-scale feature fusion approach to distil more robust spatial feature map *** the reconstruction phase,feature maps of varying resolutions are seamlessly integrated,and the extracted features are effectively merged using the Selective Kernel Fusion Module(SKFM).Empirical results demonstrate the comprehensive superiority of SKDRMNet across both synthetic and real rain and haze datasets.

关键词： Image deraining Selective Dense Residual Module(SDRM) Selective Kernel Fusion Module(SKFM) Selective KernelDense Residual M-Shaped Network(SKDRMNet)

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In vitro and in silico approach for the evaluation of enzyme inhibitory potential of Kadipatta (Murraya koenigii) collected from western Nepal

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Clinical Traditional Medicine and Pharmacology 2024年第4期5卷 44-53页

作者： Suman prakash Pradhan Ishan Subedi Kapil Adhikari Ashok GC Sujan prakash Pradhan Mukti Ram Aryal Gopal Prasad Ghimire Bishnu Prasad pandey Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Kathmandu UniversityPO Box:6250 KavreDhulikhelBagmati Province 45210Nepal Aquatic Ecology Centre Kathmandu UniversityDhulikhel 45210Nepal Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Kathmandu UniversityDhulikhel 45210Nepal Department of Botany Tri-Chandra Multiple CampusKathmandu 44600Nepal Department of Applied Sciences Western Regional CampusPokhara 33700Nepal

Background:Murraya koenigii(L.)Spreng.(Rutaceae)is an evergreen shrub distributed over the sub-tropical to lower temperate climatic zone of Nepal which has been used as spice in culinary practice and traditionally being used to treat bites of poisonous animals,dysentery,skin diseases,vomiting,diarrhea,and ***:The main objective of this study is to study the enzyme inhibition potential of different extracts of *** leaves collected from western ***:Total flavonoid content,total phenolic content,in vitro antioxidant,𝛼α-amylase,lipase,elastase,tyrosinase,and cholinesterase inhibition activities analysis of *** in ethyl acetate,methanol,and water extract were *** addition,high-resolution mass spectrometry-based profiling of flavonoid molecules and their docking analysis were ***:Results revealed the noteworthy radical scavenging activity of ethyl acetate extract against ABTS and *** the analyzed enzymes,*** extracts revealed the highest inhibitory potential towards acetylcholinesterase(AChE)and butyrylcholinesterase(BChE)and only water extract showed the inhibition of *** HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS analysis revealed the presence of Rutin,Quercetin,Ferulic acid,Hyperoside,Kaempferol-7-O-glucoside,and Morin in ***,in silico docking analysis revealed the significant binding energy of these flavonoid molecules;especially Rutin with ***:The ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts of *** showed paramount flavonoid and phenolic content along with noteworthy potential towardsthe inhibition of neuro-degradative enzymes such as BChE which can be characterized further for pharmacological *** study on the isolation of metabolites and their pharmacological properties from *** is recommended.

关键词： Murraya koenigii 𝛼α-amylase Lipase Elastase Tyrosinase Cholinesrerase

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Techno-economic and environmental impact analysis of electric two-wheeler batteries in India

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Clean Energy 2024年第3期8卷 147-156页

作者： Aman Gupta Ditipriya Bose Sandeep Tiwari Vikrant Sharma Jai prakash Department of Green Energy and Sustainable Development Zakir Husain College of Engineering and Technology Aligarh Muslim UniversityUttar Pradesh-202002India Battery Testing Facility National Institute of Solar EnergyGurugram-Faridabad RoadGwal PahariGurugram-122003HaryanaIndia

This paper presents a comprehensive techno-economic and environmental impact analysis of electric two-wheeler batteries in *** technical comparison reveals that sodium-ion(Na-ion)and lithium-ion(Li-ion)batteries outperform lead-acid batteries in various parameters,with Na-ion and Li-ion batteries exhibiting higher energy densities,higher power densities,longer cycle lives,faster charge rates,better compactness,lighter weight and lower self-discharge *** economic comparison,Na-ion batteries were found to be~12-14%more expensive than Li-ion ***,the longer lifespans and higher energy densities of Na-ion and Li-ion batteries can offset their higher costs through improved performance and long-term ***-acid batteries have the highest environmental impact,while Li-ion batteries demonstrate better environmental performance and potential for ***-ion batteries offer promising environmental advantages with their abundance,lower cost and lower toxic and hazardous material *** recycling processes can further enhance the environmental benefits of Na-ion ***,this research examines the potential of Na-ion batteries as a cheaper alternative to Li-ion batteries,considering India’s abundant sodium resources in regions such as Rajasthan,Chhattisgarh,Jharkhand and others.

关键词： electric two-wheelers environmental impact assessment lead-acid batteries lithium-ion batteries sodium-ion batteries techno-economic analysis

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Photocatalytic application of magnesium spinel ferrite in wastewater remediation:A review

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第2期12卷 490-505页

作者： Rohit Jasrotia Nikhil Jaswal Jyoti prakash Chan Choon Kit Jagpreet Singh Abhishek Kandwal School of Physics and Materials Science Shoolini UniversityBajholSolanH.P.India Himalayan Centre of Excellence in Nanotechnology Shoolini UniversityBajholH.P.India INTI International University Putra NilaiNegeri SembilanMalaysia Department of Chemistry University Centre for Research&Development Chandigarh UniversityMohali140413PunjabIndia Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesChina

This review paper explores the efficacy of magnesium ferrite-based catalysts in photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminates(antibiotic and dyes).We report the influence of different doping strategies,synthesis methods,and composite materials on the degradation efficiency of these *** analysis reveals the versatile and promising nature of magnesium ferrite-based catalysts,offering the valuable insights into their practical application for restoring the *** to the smaller band gap and magnetic nature of magnesium ferrite,it holds the benefit of utilising the broader spectrum of light while also being *** in-depth analysis of magnesium ferrites'photocatalytic mechanism could lead to the development of cheap and reliable photocatalyst for the wastewater *** concise review offers a thorough summary of the key advancements in this field,highlighting the pivotal role of the magnesium ferrite based photocatalysts in addressing the pressing global issue of organic pollutants in wastewater.

关键词： Magnesium ferrite Wastewater Dyes Antibiotics Photocatalytic degradation

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Optimization Algorithms of PERT/CPM Network Diagrams in Linear Diophantine Fuzzy Environment

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第4期139卷 1095-1118页

作者： Mani Parimala Karthikeyan prakash Ashraf Al-Quran Muhammad Riaz Saeid Jafari Department of Mathematics Bannari Amman Institute of TechnologySathyamangalamTamil Nadu638401India Basic Sciences Department Preparatory Year DeanshipKing Faisal UniversityAl-Ahsa31982Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics University of the PunjabLahorePakistan College of Vestsjaelland South Herrestraede 11Slagelse4200Denmark

The idea of linear Diophantine fuzzy set(LDFS)theory with its control parameters is a strong model for machine learning and optimization under *** activity times in the critical path method(CPM)representation procedures approach are initially static,but in the Project Evaluation and Review Technique(PERT)approach,they are *** study proposes a novel way of project review and assessment methodology for a project network in a linear Diophantine fuzzy(LDF)*** LDF expected task time,LDF variance,LDF critical path,and LDF total expected time for determining the project network are all computed using LDF numbers as the time of each activity in the project *** primary premise of the LDF-PERT approach is to address ambiguities in project network activity timesmore simply than other approaches such as conventional PERT,Fuzzy PERT,and so *** LDF-PERT is an efficient approach to analyzing symmetries in fuzzy control systems to seek an optimal *** also present a new approach for locating LDF-CPM in a project network with uncertain and erroneous activity *** the available resources and activity times are imprecise and unpredictable,this strategy can help decision-makers make better judgments in a project.A comparison analysis of the proposed technique with the existing techniques has also been *** suggested techniques are demonstrated with two suitable numerical examples.

关键词： Linear Diophantine fuzzy graphs project management PERT CPM linear Diophantine fuzzy numbers score function accuracy function

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Deep Learning-Based Classification of Rotten Fruits and Identification of Shelf Life

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第1期78卷 781-794页

作者： S.Sofana Reka Ankita Bagelikar prakash Venugopal V.Ravi Harimurugan Devarajan Centre for Smart Grid Technologies School of Electronics EngineeringVellore Institute of TechnologyChennai600127India School of Electronics Engineering Vellore Institute of TechnologyChennai600127India Department of Electrical Engineering Dr.B R Ambedkar National Institute of TechnologyJalandharPunjab144008India

The freshness of fruits is considered to be one of the essential characteristics for consumers in determining their quality,flavor and nutritional *** primary need for identifying rotten fruits is to ensure that only fresh and high-quality fruits are sold to *** impact of rotten fruits can foster harmful bacteria,molds and other microorganisms that can cause food poisoning and other illnesses to the *** overall purpose of the study is to classify rotten fruits,which can affect the taste,texture,and appearance of other fresh fruits,thereby reducing their shelf *** agriculture and food industries are increasingly adopting computer vision technology to detect rotten fruits and forecast their shelf ***,this research work mainly focuses on the Convolutional Neural Network’s(CNN)deep learning model,which helps in the classification of rotten *** proposed methodology involves real-time analysis of a dataset of various types of fruits,including apples,bananas,oranges,papayas and ***,machine learningmodels such as GaussianNaïve Bayes(GNB)and random forest are used to predict the fruit’s shelf *** results obtained from the various pre-trained models for rotten fruit detection are analysed based on an accuracy score to determine the best *** comparison to other pre-trained models,the visual geometry group16(VGG16)obtained a higher accuracy score of 95%.Likewise,the random forest model delivers a better accuracy score of 88% when compared with GNB in forecasting the fruit’s shelf *** developing an accurate classification model,only fresh and safe fruits reach consumers,reducing the risks associated with contaminated ***,the proposed approach will have a significant impact on the food industry for efficient fruit distribution and also benefit customers to purchase fresh fruits.

关键词： Rotten fruit detection shelf life deep learning convolutional neural network machine learning gaussian naïve bayes random forest visual geometry group16

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