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The relationships between maize(Zea mays L.)lodging resistance and yield formation depend on dry matter allocation to ear and stem

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The Crop Journal 2023年第1期11卷 258-268页

作者： Ping Zhang Shuangcheng Gu Yuanyuan Wang Chenchen Xu Yating Zhao Xiaoli Liu Pu Wang shoubing huang College of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China College of Agronomy South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642GuangdongChina

Lodging is a critical constraint to yield increase.There appear to be tradeoffs between yield formation and lodging resistance in maize.Hypothetically,it is feasible to reduce lodging risk as well as increase grain yield by optimizing dry-matter allocation to different organs under different environments.A three-year field experiment was conducted using four maize cultivars with differing lodging resistances and five growing environments in 2018–2020.Lodging-susceptible(LS)cultivars on average yielded more than lodging-resistant(LR)cultivars when lodging was not present.The yield components kernel number per ear(KN)and thousand-kernel weight(TKW)were both negatively correlated with lodging resistance traits(stalk bending strength,rind penetration strength,and dry matter weight per internode length).Before silking,the LR cultivar Lishou 1(LS1)transported more assimilates to the basal stem,resulting in a thicker basal stem,which reduced dry matter allocation to the ear and in turn KN.The lower KN of LS1 was also due partly to the lower plant height(PH),which increased lodging resistance but limited plant dry matter production.In contrast,the LS cultivars Xianyu 335(XY335)and Xundan 20(XD20)produced and allocated more photoassimilates to ears,but limited dry matter allocation to stems.After silking,LS cultivars showed higher TKW than LR cultivars as a function of high photoassimilate productivity and high assimilate allocation to the ear.The higher lodging resistance of LS1 was due mainly to the greater assimilate allocation to stem after silking and lower PH and ear height(EH).High-yielding and high-LR traits of Fumin(FM985)were related to optimized EH and stem anatomical structure,higher leaf productivity,low assimilate demand for kernel formation,and assimilate partitioning to ear.A high presilking temperature accelerated stem extension but reduced stem dry matter accumulation and basal stem strength.Post-silking temperature influences lodging resistance and yield more than other environmental factors.These resul

关键词： Corn Lodging Yield formation Physical traits Dry matter allocation

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From the floret to the canopy:High temperature tolerance during flowering

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Plant Communications 2023年第6期4卷 22-41页

作者： Mayang Liu Yuhan Zhou Jiaxin Sun Fen Mao Qian Yao Baole Li Yuanyuan Wang Yingbo Gao Xin Dong Shuhua Liao Pu Wang shoubing huang College of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina College of Agronomy South China Agricultural UniversityGuangdongChina Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences JinanChina Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences ChongqingChina

Heat waves induced by climate warming have become common in food-producing regions worldwide,frequently coinciding with high temperature(HT)-sensitive stages of many crops and thus threatening global food security.Understanding the HT sensitivity of reproductive organs is currently of great interest for increasing seed set.The responses of seed set to HT involve multiple processes in both male and female reproductive organs,but we currently lack an integrated and systematic summary of these responses for the world’s three leading food crops(rice,wheat,and maize).In the present work,we define the critical high temperature thresholds for seed set in rice(37.2℃±0.2℃),wheat(27.3℃±0.5℃),and maize(37.9℃±0.4℃)during flowering.We assess the HT sensitivity of these three cereals from the microspore stage to the lag period,including effects of HT on flowering dynamics,floret growth and development,pollination,and fertilization.Our review synthesizes existing knowledge about the effects of HT stress on spikelet opening,anther dehiscence,pollen shedding number,pollen viability,pistil and stigma function,pollen germination on the stigma,and pollen tube elongation.HT-induced spikelet closure and arrest of pollen tube elongation have a catastrophic effect on pollination and fertilization in maize.Rice benefits from pollination under HT stress owing to bottom anther dehiscence and cleistogamy.Cleistogamy and secondary spikelet opening increase the probability of pollination success in wheat under HT stress.However,cereal crops themselves also have protective measures under HT stress.Lower canopy/tissue temperatures compared with air temperatures indicate that cereal crops,especially rice,can partly protect themselves from heat damage.In maize,husk leaves reduce inner ear temperature by about 5℃compared with outer ear temperature,thereby protecting the later phases of pollen tube growth and fertilization processes.These findings have important implications for accurate modeling,optimized crop management,and breeding of new varie

关键词： high temperature seed set floret organs flowering pattern pollination

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Influence of plant architecture on maize physiology and yield in the Heilonggang River valley

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作物学报：英文版 2017年第1期5卷 52-62页

作者： shoubing huang Yingbo Gao Yebei Li Lina Xu Hongbin Tao Pu Wang College of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural University College of Life Science and Technology Henan institute of Science and Technology

The size and distribution of leaf area determine light interception in a crop canopy and influence overall photosynthesis and yield. Optimized plant architecture renders modern maize hybrids(Zea mays L.) more productive, owing to their tolerance of high plant densities. To determine physiological and yield response to maize plant architecture, a field experiment was conducted in 2010 and 2011. With the modern maize hybrid ZD958, three plant architectures, namely triangle, diamond and original plants, were included at two plant densities, 60,000 and 90,000 plants ha-1. Triangle and diamond plants were derived from the original plant by spraying the chemical regulator Jindele(active ingredients,ethephon, and cycocel) at different vegetative stages. To assess the effects of plant architecture, a light interception model was developed. Plant height, ear height, leaf size,and leaf orientation of the two regulated plant architectures were significantly reduced or altered compared with those of the original plants. On average across both plant densities and years, the original plants showed higher yield than the triangle and diamond plants,probably because of larger leaf area. The two-year mean grain yield of the original and diamond plants were almost the same at 90,000 plants ha-1(8714 vs. 8798 kg ha-1). The yield increase(up to 5%) of the diamonds plant at high plant densities was a result of increased kernel number per ear, which was likely a consequence of improved plant architecture in the top and middle canopy layers. The optimized light distribution within the canopy can delay leaf senescence, especially for triangle plants. The fraction of incident radiation simulated by the interception model successfully reflected plant architecture traits. Integration of canopy openness is expected to increase the simulation accuracy of the present model. Maize plant architecture with increased tolerance of high densities is probably dependent on the smaller but flatter leaves around the ear.

关键词： Maize Light interception Yield Light interception model Leaf senescence

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轨道交通车辆中螺栓安装预紧力精度分析及控制措施

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机械工程师 2024年第1期 122-124页

作者：王守兵黄明高黄欣汪林峰中车株洲电力机车有限公司湖南株洲412001

介绍了轨道交通装备螺栓连接特点,分析了引起螺栓安装预紧力散差的主要因素,采用单一变量试验法研究了拧紧工具、拧紧工艺、摩擦因数等因素对预紧力精度的影响。提出了提高螺栓预紧力精度的措施,为提升轨道交通行业螺栓连接质量提供了... 详细信息

介绍了轨道交通装备螺栓连接特点,分析了引起螺栓安装预紧力散差的主要因素,采用单一变量试验法研究了拧紧工具、拧紧工艺、摩擦因数等因素对预紧力精度的影响。提出了提高螺栓预紧力精度的措施,为提升轨道交通行业螺栓连接质量提供了参考依据。

关键词：螺栓安装预紧力精度试验测试轨道交通车辆

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Pluripotent stem cell-derived CD 19-CAR iT cells effectively eradicate B-cell lymphoma in vivo

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第3期18卷 773-775页

作者： Cui Lv shoubing Chen Fangxiao Hu Dehao huang Tongjie Wang Juan Du Jinyong Wang Hongling Wu School of Life Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health-Guangdong Laboratory(GRMH-GDL) GuangdongChina Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

Chimeric antigen receptor T cell(CAR-T)therapy is one of the most promising approaches in cancer treatment.1 However,the limited availability of patient-derived T cells narrows its universal applicability.Thus,it is necessary to invent new methods to obtain alternative T-cell sources.Pluripotent stem cells(PSCs),which have unlimited culture potential and are amenable to gene editing,are ideal for generating induced T(iT)cells.

关键词： CAR vivo lymphoma

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聚酯基硅藻土纤维吸湿排汗性能的改进

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上海纺织科技 2020年第7期48卷 23-25,54页

作者：沈守兵黄熠上海水星家用纺织品股份有限公司上海201401 上海家纺新材料工程技术研究中心上海201401

将吸湿排汗整理剂和硅藻土整理剂应用于硅藻土改性聚酯纤维上,制备具有优异吸湿排汗功能的硅藻土纤维。其工艺为:在纺丝后加工过程中,将吸湿排汗整理剂单独或者与硅藻土整理剂复配后喷洒在纤维上,经烘箱烘干,测试纤维的吸湿快干性、抗... 详细信息

将吸湿排汗整理剂和硅藻土整理剂应用于硅藻土改性聚酯纤维上,制备具有优异吸湿排汗功能的硅藻土纤维。其工艺为:在纺丝后加工过程中,将吸湿排汗整理剂单独或者与硅藻土整理剂复配后喷洒在纤维上,经烘箱烘干,测试纤维的吸湿快干性、抗菌性和吸附性,并考察硅油对硅藻土和吸湿排汗整理剂的影响。试验结果表明,硅油对硅藻土和吸湿排汗整理剂的影响较大;吸湿排汗整理剂能够在保留硅藻土纤维原有抗菌性和吸附性的基础上,提升吸湿排汗性能,并筛选出最优吸湿排汗整理剂和最佳添加量;硅藻土整理剂与其进行复配,不仅能降低吸湿排汗整理剂用量,还能发挥硅藻土的功能性,并具有较好的耐久性。

关键词：整理剂吸湿排汗硅藻土后整理聚酯纤维

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应用数字图像技术对不同株型夏玉米进行高温胁迫诊断

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作物杂志 2012年第3期 36-38页

作者：陈刚黄收兵王璞中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院北京100193

以受高温胁迫程度不同的夏玉米为研究对象,利用数码相机获取玉米吐丝-授粉期冠层的数字图像,同时利用叶绿素荧光仪探测植株受胁迫的程度,研究利用数码相机的可见光光谱进行夏玉米受逆境胁迫程度诊断的可行性。结果表明,红光标准化值与... 详细信息

以受高温胁迫程度不同的夏玉米为研究对象,利用数码相机获取玉米吐丝-授粉期冠层的数字图像,同时利用叶绿素荧光仪探测植株受胁迫的程度,研究利用数码相机的可见光光谱进行夏玉米受逆境胁迫程度诊断的可行性。结果表明,红光标准化值与叶片叶绿素荧光值(Fv/Fm)成负相关关系(r=-0.35),而绿光标准化值、蓝光标准化值均与Fv/Fm成正相关关系,其相关系数r分别为0.57、0.70。由此可以得出,绿光标准化值、蓝光标准化值能反映夏玉米受胁迫程度,其中蓝光标准化值是能够较好地反映夏玉米受高温胁迫程度的光谱参数。

关键词：玉米数字图像技术株型高温胁迫诊断

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穗位高系数对玉米产量及产量构成的影响

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中国农业大学学报 2023年第3期28卷 1-10页

作者：顾明琪刘晓丽吕悬龙黄收兵王璞廖树华中国农业大学农学院北京100193

为探究穗位高系数对玉米产量及产量构成的影响,采用125份玉米材料开展大田试验,测定株高、穗位高、穗位高系数、单穗粒数、千粒重及产量等性状指标。同时对1985—2019年可查文献中已发表的相关数据进行Meta分析。结果表明:1)株高和穗位... 详细信息

为探究穗位高系数对玉米产量及产量构成的影响,采用125份玉米材料开展大田试验,测定株高、穗位高、穗位高系数、单穗粒数、千粒重及产量等性状指标。同时对1985—2019年可查文献中已发表的相关数据进行Meta分析。结果表明:1)株高和穗位高对单穗粒数、千粒重、产量均有极显著影响(P<0.01);穗位高系数对单穗粒数和千粒重影响显著(P<0.05)。2)玉米株高分布在175.10~295.00 cm,穗位高在53.50—127.67 cm,穗位高系数在0.29~0.49,随着株高、穗位高、穗位高系数的增加,单穗粒数呈先上升后下降的趋势,当株高为267.76 cm,穗位高为99.46 cm,穗位高系数为0.40时,单穗粒数达到最大值;千粒重随着株高、穗位高、穗位高系数的增加先呈直线上升趋势,之后不再增加,千粒重达到最大值时,株高为292.25 cm,穗位高为80.95 cm,穗位高系数为0.50;产量随株高、穗位高的增加而增加,随着穗位高系数的增加呈现先上升后下降的趋势,当穗位高系数为0.42时,产量达到最大值。3)对文献和本试验的数据分别进行决策树分析,结果均表明,株高较穗位高系数对单穗粒数具有更大的影响。鉴于穗位高系数对玉米抗倒伏能力和单穗粒数的重要影响,穗位高系数是玉米产量提升的关键指标。综上,当穗位高系数为0.40~0.42时,玉米具有较高的产量。

关键词：玉米株高穗位高单穗粒数穗位高系数产量

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地铁车辆牵引电机公路运输在线动载荷测试与分析研究

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轨道交通装备与技术 2023年第4期 36-40页

作者：黄明高沈意平王守兵鲁超中车株洲电力机车有限公司湖南株洲412001 湖南科技大学机械设备健康维护湖南省重点实验室湖南湘潭411201 中车株洲电机有限公司湖南株洲412001

为定量评估整车公路运输时外界冲击振动载荷对牵引电机轴承的影响,对某项目地铁车辆动力转向架牵引电机采取3种防护状态,通过在牵引电机轴传动端及非传动端布置振动加速度传感器和位移传感器,测试其3个方向的振动载荷和位移并进行对比... 详细信息

为定量评估整车公路运输时外界冲击振动载荷对牵引电机轴承的影响,对某项目地铁车辆动力转向架牵引电机采取3种防护状态,通过在牵引电机轴传动端及非传动端布置振动加速度传感器和位移传感器,测试其3个方向的振动载荷和位移并进行对比分析。整车公路运输后,电机轴承拆解检查及专业检测结果表明:路谱轴向和垂向加速度载荷约为15g~20g;防护状态1和防护状态2可有效降低牵引电机轴传动端轴承振动载荷的幅值、大幅值频次和均方根值。防护状态1和防护状态2可有效约束牵引电机轴传动端的位移。

关键词：地铁车辆牵引电机公路运输电机防护动载荷

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黑龙港流域夏玉米产量提升限制因素

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生态学报 2013年第1期33卷 222-228页

作者：徐丽娜陶洪斌黄收兵明博王璞中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院北京100093 河南科技学院生命科技学院新乡453003

从产量构成因素及物质生产着手分析了黑龙港流域夏玉米产量进一步提高的限制因子。分析结果显示:穗数、穗粒数和千粒重均与产量显著相关,说明该地区夏玉米仍有继续增产的潜力;但在再高产过程中,单纯依靠穗数增加,产量增产幅度较小,应稳... 详细信息

从产量构成因素及物质生产着手分析了黑龙港流域夏玉米产量进一步提高的限制因子。分析结果显示:穗数、穗粒数和千粒重均与产量显著相关,说明该地区夏玉米仍有继续增产的潜力;但在再高产过程中,单纯依靠穗数增加,产量增产幅度较小,应稳定在一定适宜的密度下,注重单位面积穗粒数和粒重的提高,但在穗数确定的情况下,穗粒数相对稳定,增加粒重成为再高产重要因素。因此,采取措施增强灌浆速率和延长灌浆时间是关键,即增强或稳定叶片在花后的有效光合能力。结果表明,增加叶片数量对产量贡献很小,而改善叶片质量、提高叶片功能,进而增加花后同化物合成至关重要。因此,茎秆和叶片的质量是再高产实现的关键技术突破点。同时,提高茎秆的花前物质转运比例也有助于提高千粒重,促进产量提升。在生产实践中,进一步挖掘产量必须搞清楚地上和地下两方面的关系,但目前对"根系-土壤"复合体的结构和功能研究相对较少。不合理耕作方式造成了土壤耕层太浅,严重影响了玉米根系生长发育,使生育后期吸收功能减弱,不利于产量形成。加之,吐丝前后阴雨寡照,造成穗粒数形成决定期的"源"不足,同时也限制了灌浆速率,提前播期,躲避灾害天气或推迟收获时期,延长灌浆时间等逆境栽培措施就显得尤为重要。

关键词：栽培技术黑龙港流域夏玉米产量潜力

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