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Efficient large-area flexible organic photovoltaic modules on transparent thin silver electrodes

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Science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： Cong Xie Zedong Xiong Xinlu Liu Wen Wang Yang Liu Xueshi Jiang Xin lu lulu Sun Yinhua Zhou Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and Technology Kunming Institute of Physics

Large-area flexible organic photovoltaic（OPV） modules are challenging to achieve high power conversion efficiency（PCE）.Electrical shunts or shortages generally occur in large-area OPV modules due to the ultrathin（100–200 nm） and soft active layers. Improving the surface smoothness of bottom transparent electrode will be able to suppress the shunts and shortages. In this work, we report a method to fabricate smooth and flexible transparent electrodes based on thin silver film, and further to fabricate efficient large-area flexible OPV modules. The fabricated thin silver transparent electrodes simultaneously have high conductivity, high optical transmittance, good mechanical flexibility and low surface roughness. Humidity exposure（h.e.）treatment on MoO3effectively facilitates the continuous growth of the thin transparent silver electrode. 6 nm silver film on MoO3（h.e.） on plastic substrate shows a transmittance up to 89%, a sheet resistance of 15 Ω/sq, and a low surface roughness with a rootmean-square value of 0.276 nm. Furthermore, 52-cm2flexible organic solar modules（15 subcells） showed a certified PCE of12.66%. Furthermore, a 1350 cm2flexible component assembled by 25 pieces of 52–55 cm2modules showed certified PCE of12.10% with an open-circuit voltage of 62.85 V.

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Special modes induced by inter-chain coupling in a non-Hermitian ladder system

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2020年第10期72卷 53-69页

作者： Rong Huang Yu Yan Zhi-Xu Zhang lu Qi Hong-Fu Wang shou Zhang Department of Physics College of ScienceYanbian UniversityYanjiJilin 133002China School of Physics Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbinHeilongjiang 150001China

We explore some interesting phenomena in a simple non-Hermitian ladder *** modes with energy eigenvalues closely related to the inter-chain-coupling strength appear in the non-Hermitian ladder *** show that a phase transition occurs whereby special modes with pure real eigenvalues can switch to special modes with pure imaginary eigenvalues,when the inter-chain-coupling strength changes from symmetric to *** find that the density profiles of all the special modes are completely identical under certain conditions,even if the inter-chain-coupling strength is added into the non-Hermitian ladder system in different ***,we also demonstrate that the different inter-chain couplings are fundamentally equivalent to adding different on-site potential energies into the non-Hermitian ladder system.

关键词： non-Hermitian ladder system special modes inter-chain-coupling

Carbon dots self-assembly enables near-infrared emission

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Science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： Shurong Ding Shasha Liu Yuzhuo Yang Linlin Shi Yongqiang Zhang Jingkun Yu Haoqiang Song Yingge Shi Siyu lu College of Chemistry Pingyuan Laboratory Zhengzhou University Henan Institute of Advanced Technology Zhengzhou University

In the fields of biomedicine, detection, and anti-counterfeiting, there is a widespread demand for cost-effective, easily synthesized, and environmentally friendly near-infrared(NIR) materials. Carbon dots(CDs), a cheap and non-toxic zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterial exhibiting exceptional photoluminescence(PL) properties and facile structural modification, have emerged as a promising candidate for the development of novel NIR materials. This study presents the synthesis of CDs capable of emitting a wide range of wavelengths from blue to NIR(456–836 nm) as their concentrations increase. The incorporation of oxygen and nitrogen co-doped atoms facilitates the optimization of non-coplanar angles, thereby promoting favorable π-πstacking interactions. This leads to the formation of metal-free rigid clusters through interconnecting adjacent nanoparticles in a gear-like meshing pattern through self-assembly. Consequently, intramolecular motion is constrained, vibration coupling is mitigated, non-radiative transition losses are minimized, and efficient NIR emission from CD clusters in high concentrations is ensured. Furthermore, NIR light-emitting diode(NIR LED) based on the CD clusters was successfully fabricated and employed for various applications including information encryption, anti-counterfeiting, and penetration detection in the field of NIR imaging.

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Influence of formation in-situ stress on mechanical heterogeneity of shale through grid nanoindentation

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Petroleum Science 2022年第1期19卷 211-219页

作者： Mao Sheng Shi-Zhong Cheng Zhao-Hui lu Ye Zhang shou-Ceng Tian Gen-Sheng Li College of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum-Beijing102249PR China National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Shale Gas Exploration and Development Chongqing401120PR China

Mechanical heterogeneity is a major characteristic of the organic-rich *** relation between mechanical heterogeneity and formation in-situ stress has been seldomly addressed but important to understand hydraulic fracture propagation,wellbore stability,and hydrocarbon *** this paper,the grid nanoindentation technique was used to characterize the heterogeneity of the mechanical properties of Longmaxi organic-rich shales from various burial depths and in-situ *** measured elastic modulus and hardness of each sample are deconvolved into three phases including soft phase,medium stiff phase and stiff phase according to mineral *** the burial depth and corresponding in-situ stress increase,the overall elastic modulus and hardness of the sample ***,the percentage of soft minerals decreases,and the probability distribution tends to concentrate through 95%confidence interval evaluation which demonstrates weakened ***,SEM images provide evidence that extended cracking,initiated cracking,crushing and ductile deforming always occur around indentation *** confirms that even under deep buried depth and high in-situ stress,brittle fracture and ductile deformation can exist *** paper demonstrates the influence of in-situ stress on the heterogeneity of shale micromechanics.

关键词： Shale Heterogeneity Elastoplasticity Nanoindentation

A novel flexible nerve guidance conduit promotes nerve regeneration while providing excellent mechanical properties

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2084-2094页

作者： Tong Li Quhan Cheng Jingai Zhang Boxin Liu Yu Shi Haoxue Wang Lijie Huang Su Zhang Ruixin Zhang Song Wang Guangxu lu Peifu Tang Zhongyang Liu Kai Wang Department of Orthopedics the Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina Department of Training and Sports Medicine Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People’s Armed Police ForceTianjinChina Medical School of Chinese PLA BeijingChina Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina Department of Orthopedics Tianjin HospitalTianjinChina Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Er Quan Hospital of PAPWuxiJiangsu ProvinceChina

Autografting is the gold standard for surgical repair of nerve defects>5 mm in length;however,autografting is associated with potential complications at the nerve donor *** an alternative,nerve guidance conduits may be *** ideal conduit should be flexible,resistant to kinks and lumen collapse,and provide physical cues to guide nerve *** designed a novel flexible conduit using electrospinning technology to create fibers on the innermost surface of the nerve guidance conduit and employed melt spinning to align ***,we prepared disordered electrospun fibers outside the aligned fibers and helical melt-spun fibers on the outer wall of the electrospun fiber *** presence of aligned fibers on the inner surface can promote the extension of nerve cells along the *** helical melt-spun fibers on the outer surface can enhance resistance to kinking and compression and provide *** novel conduit promoted nerve regeneration and functional recovery in a rat sciatic nerve defect model,suggesting that it has potential for clinical use in human nerve injuries.

关键词： aligned fibers anti-kinking helical fibers nerve guidance conduit nerve regeneration peripheral nerve injury topological guidance

Recognition of Organizational Morphology of Mesoscale Convective Systems Using Himawari-8 Observations

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2024年第3期30卷 289-305页

作者： shou Yi-xuan ZHANG Su-zhao lu Feng Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites National Satellite Meteorological Center(National Center for Space Weather)China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 China Innovation Center for FengYun Meteorological Satellite(FYSIC) Beijing 100081 China Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Monitoring and Early Warning and Risk Management of Characteristic Agriculture in Arid Regions Yinchuan 750002 China Ningxia Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Yinchuan 750002 China

The onset,evolution,and propagation processes of convective cells can be reflected by the organizational morphology of mesoscale convective systems(MCSs),which are key factors in determining the potential for heavy *** paper proposed a method for objectively classifying and segmenting MCSs using geosynchronous satellite *** of the product relative to the classification in radar composite reflectivity imagery indicates that the algorithm offers skill for discriminating between convective and stratiform areas and matched 65%of convective area identifications in radar imagery with a false alarm rate of 39%and an accuracy of 94%.A quantitative evaluation of the similarity between the structures of 50 MCSs randomly obtained from satellite and radar observations shows that the similarity was as high as 60%.For further testing,the organizational modes of the MCS that caused the heavy precipitation in Northwest China on August 21,2016(hereinafter known as the“0821”rainstorm)were *** was found that the MCS,accompanied by the“0821”rainstorm,successively exhibited modes of the isolated cell,squall line with parallel stratiform(PS)rain,and non-linear system during its life *** them,the PS mode might have played a key role in causing this *** findings are in line with previous studies.

关键词： mesoscale convective system satellite organizational morphology extremely heavy precipitation

Dietary carbohydrate intake and risk of type 2 diabetes:a 16-year prospective cohort study

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年

作者： lu Gan Yi Yang Bin Zhao Kai Yu Kehua Guo Fang Fang Zhiguang Zhou Demetrius Albanes Jiaqi Huang Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology Ministry of Education and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University CSU-Sinocare Research Center for Nutrition and Metabolic Health Xiangya School of Public Health Central South UniversityFurong Laboratory Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute NIH Department of Health and Human Services School of Computer Science and Engineering Central South University Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institute National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology Ministry of Education and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University

Despite considerable research underscoring the importance of carbohydrate intake in relation to the risk of type 2 diabetes(T2D), a comprehensive assessment of this relationship is currently lacking. We aimed to examine the associations of various types and food sources of dietary carbohydrate intake with the risk of T2D, to evaluate potential effect modification by other factors, including genetic susceptibility,and to explore the potential mediators for such associations. The present study included 161,872 participants of the UK Biobank who were free of prevalent cancer, cardiovascular disease, or diabetes, and had at least one validated 24-h dietary recall assessment. Multivariableadjusted age-stratified Cox proportional hazard regression models were applied to estimate hazard ratios(HRs) and 95% confidence intervals(ci) for the associations of various types and food sources of dietary carbohydrate intake with risk of T2D. During a median follow-up of13.6 years, 4,176 incident cases of T2D were identified. In the multivariable-adjusted models, a greater intake of fiber, carbohydrates from whole grains, and carbohydrates from non-starchy vegetables was significantly associated with a lower risk of T2D(highest vs. lowest quantile, HR [95% ci]=0.70 [0.62–0.79], 0.74 [0.67–0.82], and 0.83 [0.75–0.92], respectively, all P for trend ciated with an increased risk of T2D(highest vs. lowest quantile, HR [95%ci]=1.31 [1.16–1.48] and 1.19 [1.09–1.31], respectively, both P for trend cing one serving of refined grains or starchy vegetables with an equal amount of whole grains or non-starchy vegetables was associated with 4% to 10% lower risk of T2D(all P values ciations were generally similar across population subgroups, including individuals with different genetic susceptibility to T2D. Mediation analyses of the inverse association between T

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Seasonal and regional diff erences in long-term changes in large mesozooplankton(>505μm)biomass and abundance in a semi-enclosed subtropical bay

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2021年第6期39卷 2281-2294页

作者： Ping DU Zhibing JIANG Yuanli ZHU Yibo LIAO Quanzhen CHEN Jiangning ZENG lu shou Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics Second Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural Resources(MNR)Hangzhou 310012China Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Qingdao 266237China Key Laboratory of Ocean Space Resource Management Technology MNRHangzhou 310012China

Obvious spatiotemporal heterogeneity is a distinct characteristic of ecosystems in subtropical *** aid targeted management and ecological restoration in long and narrow semi-enclosed subtropical bays,we analyzed seasonal and regional differences in long-term changes(1980-2019)in the biomass and abundance of large mesozooplankton(LMZ;>505μm)in Xiangshan Bay,Zhejiang,*** found spatiotemporal heterogeneity in the historical changes of *** negative trends in LMZ biomass were found in the inner and middle bay during the warm season(summer and autumn),when the nutrient concentration(especially dissolved inorganic nitrogen)and temperature increased *** changes in Xiangshan Bay began in the late 1980s or early 1990s,coinciding with large-scale fish cage development.A rapid decline in LMZ biomass occurred after 2005 when power plants commenced operation,accelerating the warming ***,the joint stress of eutrophication and warming likely precipitated the decline in LMZ ***,a significant increase in LMZ biomass was found in the outer bay in *** trend was consistent with the trend of LMZ biomass near the Changjiang(Yangtze)River estuary,which indicates that the pelagic ecosystem in the outer bay was aff ected by water from the Changjiang River estuary during *** on our results,ecosystem management and restoration in semi-enclosed subtropical bays should focus on internal waters,which have a poor capacity for water *** Xiangshan Bay,the changes in the Changjiang River estuary ecosystem during the cold season(winter and spring)should also be considered.

关键词： large mesozooplankton long-term changes spatiotemporal heterogeneity Xiangshan Bay

Direct insight into sulfiphilicity-lithiophilicity design of bifunctional heteroatom-doped graphene mediator toward durable Li-S batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第3期31卷 474-482,I0013页

作者： Haina ci Menglei Wang Zhongti Sun Chaohui Wei Jingsheng Cai Chen lu Guang Cui Zhongfan Liu Jingyu Sun College of Energy Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS(SIEMIS)Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu ProvinceSoochow UniversitySuzhou 215006JiangsuChina SUDA-BGI Collaborative Innovation Center Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006JiangsuChina Beijing Graphene Institute(BGI) Beijing 100095China School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013JiangsuChina Center for Nanochemistry(CNC) Beijing Science and Engineering Center for NanocarbonsCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

The practical applications of lithium-sulfur(Li-S)battery have been greatly hindered by the severe polysulfide shuttle at the cathode and rampant lithium dendrite growth at the *** of the effective solutions deals with concurrent management of both ***,this direction remains in a nascent stage due to a lack of material selection and mechanism ***,we devise a temperature-mediated direct chemical vapor deposition strategy to realize the controllable synthesis of three-dimensional boron/nitrogen dual-doped graphene(BNG)particulated architectures,which is employed as a light-weighted and multi-functional mediator for both electrodes in Li-S *** from the“sulfiphilic”and“lithiophilic”features,the BNG modified separator not only enables boosted kinetics of polysulfide transformation to mitigate the shuttle effect but also endows uniform lithium deposition to suppress the dendritic *** calculations in combination with electro-kinetic tests and operando Raman analysis further elucidate the favorable sulfur and lithium electrochemistry of BNG at a molecular *** work offers direct insight into the mediator design via controllable synthesis of graphene materials to tackle the fundamental challenges of Li-S batteries.

关键词： Li-S batteries B/N dual-doped graphene Mediator Shuttle effect Lithium dendrite