检索结果-南通市图书馆

Sublethal effects of malathion on boll weevil （Coleoptera： Curculionidae） fecundity when maintained on cotton squares or artificial diet

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Insect Science 2006年第4期13卷 287-292页

作者： JOHN SCOTT ARmSTRONG ALLAN T. SHOWLER mAmOUDOU SETAmOU shoil greenberg Beneficial Insects Unit Integrated Farming and Natural Resources Research Unit Kika de la Garza Subtropical Agricultural Research Center USDA-ARS Texas A&m University Citrus Center Welascao Texas USA

mated 3-day-old female boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, reared from field-infested cotton （Gossypium hirsutum L.） squares were topically treated with an estimated LD50 of malathion （2μg） to assess its effects on fecundity, oviposition, and body fat condition. Two different food sources, cotton squares and artificial diet, were assessed in malathion-treated and nontreated （control） weevils. The LD50 caused ≈ 50% mortality in the square-fed malathion treatment, but the artificial diet-fed malathion-treated weevils were less susceptible. LD50 survivors fed on the squares produced ≥ 9 times more chorionated eggs in the ovaries and oviposited ≥ 19-fold more than survivors fed artificial diet, regardless of the malathion treatment. Boll weevils that survived a 2μg LD50 malathion and also fed squares were ≈4.5-fold leaner than diet-fed weevils. Our findings demonstrate that non-resistant boll weevils surviving a sublethal dose of malathion will reproduce without any delay or significant loss in fecundity, and the food source for which boll weevils are maintained when conducting these assays will directly affect the results. The significance of these findings and how they are related to the final stages of eradicating the boll weevil from the US are discussed.

关键词： Anthonomus grandis grandis boll weevil fecundity malathion sublethal

Circadian rhythms of feeding, oviposition, and emergence of the boll weevil （Coleoptera： Curculionidae）

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Insect Science 2006年第6期13卷 461-467页

作者： shoil m. greenberg J. SCOTT ARmSTRONG mAmOUDOUSETAmOU THOmAS W. SAPPINGTON RANDY J. COLEmAN TONG-XIAN LIU USDA-ARS-SARC-BIRU Texas A&m University Agricultural Experiment Station Weslaco Texas USDA-ARS-CICGRU Ames Iow USA

Circadian rhythm of feeding, oviposition, and emergence of boll weevil adults were determined at five different photophases （24, 14, 12, 10, and 0 hours） and a constant 27℃ temperature, 65% RH in the laboratory. Squares from Petri dishes, where they were exposed to boll weevil females, were removed and examined for feeding and oviposition punctures every 4 hours during daylight （0700-1900 h） and every 12 h at night （1900-0700 h） over eight consecutive days. Cohorts of randomly selected egg-punctured squares were sampled from ovipositing females at 0700, 1100, 1500, and 1900 during 24 hours and under different photophase treatments, and maintained in Petri dishes at 27 ＋ I℃, 65% RH. Dishes were observed twice daily （1900 and 0700 h） for adults emerging at day or night. Circadian rhythm of oviposition was not affected by the length of the photophase. The boll weevil has round-the-clock circadian rhythm of oviposition, with a daytime preference. We observed that 82.4%-86.0% of the boll weevil eggs were deposited between 0700 and 1900 h, and 14.0%-17.6% between 1900 and 0700 h during a 24-h period. Feeding of boll weevil females in photoperiods 24：0 h （complete light） and 0：24 h （complete darkness） did not significantly change between 0700-1900 h versus 1900-0700 h, while the d .ally cycle of light and darkness in other photoperiods significantly increased the feeding punctures from 0700-1900 compared with 1900-0700 h. The circadian rhythm of emergence depended significantly on the time of oviposition and the length of the photophase. Investigation of boll weevil circadian rhythm provides a better understanding of boll weevil ecology and reveals potential weak links for improving control technologies targeting their reproductive strategies.

关键词： Anthonomus grandis emergence circadian rhythm oviposition photophase

Survival of boll weevil （Coleoptera： Curculionidae） adults after feeding on pollens from various sources

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Insect Science 2007年第6期14卷 503-510页

作者： shoil m. greenberg GRETCHEN D. JONES FRANK EISCHEN RANDY J. COLEmAN JOHN J. ADAmCZYK, JR. TONG-XIAN LIU mAmOUDOU SETAmOU USDA-ARS KSARC-BIRU Weslaco USDA-ARS APmRU College Station USDA-ARS KSARC-Honey Bee Research Unit Department of Entomology Texas AgriLife Research Texas A&M University System Texas A&m University Kingsville Citrus Center Weslaco Texas USA

The survival of overwintering boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis （Boheman）, adults on non-cotton hosts in the Lower Rio Grande Valley （LRGV） of Texas was examined from 2001 to 2006. The success of the Boll Weevil Eradication Program, which was reintroduced into the LRGV in 2005, depends on controlling overwintering boll weevil populations. Laboratory studies were conducted using boll weevil adults that were captured in pheromone traps from September through march. The number of adults captured per trap declined significantly in the field from fall to the beginning of spring （3.5-7.0-fold）. The proportion of trapped males and females did not differ significantly. The mean weight of boll weevil adults captured in September was 13.3 mg, while those of captured adults from November to February were significantly lower and ranged from 6.7 to 7.8 mg. Our results show that boll weevil adults can feed on different plant pollens. The highest longevity occurred when adults were fed almond pollen or mixed pollens （72.6 days and 69.2 days, respectively） and the lowest when they fed on citrus pollen or a non-food source （9.7 days or 7.4 days, respectively）. The highest adult survival occurred on almond and mixed pollens [88.0%-97. 6% after 1st feeding period （10 days）, 78.0%-90.8% after 3rd feeding period （10 days）, 55. 0%-83.6% after 5th feeding period （10 days）, and 15.2%-32.4% after lOth feeding period （10 days）]. The lowest adult survival occurred on citrus pollen [52.0%-56.0% after 1st feeding period （10 days）, 13.3% after 3rd and 5th feeding periods （10 days）, and 0 after 6th feeding period （10 days）]. Pollen feeding is not a behavior restricted to adult boll weevils of a specific sex or physiological state. Understanding how boll weevil adults survive in the absence of cotton is important to ensure ultimate success of eradicating this pest in the subtropics.

关键词： boll weevil Anthonomus grandis grandis Curculionidae subtropics pollen

Economic and Environmental Impact Transgenically modified Cotton Comparative with Synthetic Chemicals for Insect Control

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2012年第7期2卷 750-757页

作者： shoil greenberg Jaime Alejandro mamoudou Setamou Beneficial Insect Research Unit Kika de la Garza Subtropical Agricultural Research Center Agricultural Research ServiceUnited States Department of Agriculture Weslaeo Texas 78596 USA Department of Entomology Texas A&M University-Kingsville Citrus Center Weslaco Texas 78596 USA

This article combines both a review of the literature and original data from our research. The comparative efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis （Berliner） traits Bollgard, Bollgard II, WideStrike, and non-Bt expressing cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., for control of the noctuid complex of bollworm, Helicoverpa zea （Boddie）; fall armyworm, Spodopterafrugiperda （J.E. Smith）; beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua （Htibner）; and cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni （Hiibner）, were evaluated in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas during 2005-2009. Noctuid larval survival and damage to leaves on non-Bt cotton were 3.6-fold greater than on Bollgard II or WideStrike cotton and 1.5-fold greater than on cotton varieties with the Bollgard trait. Transgenic cotton has reduced the need for conventional insecticides with benefits to human health and the environment. The revenue differences between Bt and conventional cotton for last four years in LRGV of Texas was 214.35/ha and profit about 94.95/ha. We also analyzed cotton noctuid losses between Bt and conventionally grown cotton in the USA summary of all states and Texas summary of all regions.

关键词： Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) traits and non-Bt cotton noctuid control conventional insecticides revenue and profit.

Assessment of mixture toxicity of Cu,Cd and a photooxidized PAH phenanthrenequinone to Vibrio fischeri

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Assessment of mixture toxicity of Cu,Cd and a photooxidized ...

油渍地植物-微生物生态修复田间应用研究进展

河南省植保学会第八次、河南省昆虫学会第七次、河南省植病学会第二次会员代表大会暨学术讨论会

作者： mark A.Lampi D.George Dixon Bruce m.greenberg Department of Biology University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario N2L 3B8 Canada Department of Biology University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario N2L 3B8 Canada Department of Biology University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario N2L 3B8 Canada

Transition metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are co-contaminants at many sites. Contaminants in mixtures are known to interact with biological systems in ways that can greatly alter the toxicity of individual compounds. The toxicity (alone and in mixture) of Cu (a redox-active metal), Cd (a non-redox active metal) and phenanthrenequinone (PHQ) (a redox-active oxygenated PAH) were examined using the bioluminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri. The co-toxicity of Cu/PHQ depend on their mixture ratio. Different interaction types (synergistism, antagonism, and additive) were observed in different combinations. The interaction types change from antagonism at a low Cu/PHQ ratio (1/4) to additive at intermediate Cu/PHQ ratio (2/3) to synergistic at higher Cu/PHQ ratios (3/2 and 4/1). In contrast to Cu/PHQ, the co-toxicity of Cd/PHQ did not change at different mixture ratios. The interaction types basically are additive. ROS-mediated toxic mechanisms of Cu, Cd and PHQ have been well established with several organisms using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCF ***) and Amplex Red fluorescence. Enhanced ROS production was observed in V. fischeri treated with the individual chemicals and their mixtures, suggesting alone and mixture toxicity of Cu, Cd and PHQ to V. fischeri involve ROS mechanisms. This study shows that not only the chemical mixtures, but also the mixture ratios can alter individual chemical toxicity and should be taken into account in risk assessment.

关键词： mixture toxicity Copper Cadmium phenanthrenequinone (PHQ) Reactive oxygen species Vibrio fischeri polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)

来源： cnki会议评论

在线全文

cnki会议

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

林业实用技术 2010年第9期 3-5页

作者：苏少堂常聚普王文夕 Karen E.Gerhardt 张玉亭 Xiao-Dong Huang Bruce m.greenberg 濮阳市林技站河南濮阳457000 濮阳林业科学研究所河南濮阳457000 河南省农科院植物营养和资源环境研究所郑州450002 滑铁卢大学生物系

简要概述油渍地植物修复技术的研究进展,即利用植物-微生物修复能有效清理和分解土壤中的油渍,通过植物及根际微生物对污染物的吸收、累积、挥发、根滤、降解和稳定等作用,净化环境,改良土壤。

关键词：油渍地植物生态修复石油烃类微生物分解

Elevated basal intestinal mucosal cytokine levels in asymptomatic first-degree relatives of patients with Crohn's disease

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2000年第1期6卷 49-52页

作者： Indaram AVK Nandi S Weissman S Lam S Bailey B Blumstein m.greenberg R Bank S Division of Gastroenterology Long Island Jewish Medical CenterAlbert Einstein College of MedicineNew YorkUSA

AIm To determine levels of cytokines incolonic mucosa of asymptomatic first degreerelatives of Crohn’s disease *** Cytokines(Interleukin(IL)1-Beta,IL-2,IL-5 and IL-8)were measured using ELISAin biopsy samples of normal looking colonicmucosa of first degree relatives of Crohn’sdisease patients(n = 9)and from normalcontrols(n = 10)with no family history ofCrohn’s *** Asymptomatic first degree relativesof patients with Crohn’s disease had significantlyhigher levels of basal intestinal mucosalcytokines(IL-2,IL-5 and IL-8)than *** these increased cytokinelevels serve as phenotypic markers for a geneticpredisposition to developing Crohns diseaselater on,or whether they indicate early(pre-clinical)damage has yet to be further *** Asymptomatic first degreerelatives of Crohn’s disease patients have higherlevels of cytokines in their normal-lookingintestinal mucosa compared to normal controls,This supports the hypothesis that increasedcytokines may be a cause or an early event inthe inflammatory cascade of Crohns disease andare not merely a result of the inflammatoryprocess.

关键词： Subject headings crohns disease cytokine/analysis intestinal mucosa

Effects of neem-based insecticides on beet armyworm （Lepidoptera： Noctuidae）

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Insect Science 2005年第1期12卷 17-23页

作者： shoilm.greenberg ALLANT.SHOWLER TONG-XIANLIU USDA-ARSAPmRU Texas A&m University Agricultural Experiment Station WeslacoTexasUSA

Three commercial neem [Azadirachta indica A. Juss (meliaceae)]-basedinsecticides, Agroneem, Ecozin, and Neemix, and a non-commercial neem leaf powder, were evaluatedfor oviposition deterrence, antifeedant effect on larvae, and toxicity to eggs and larvae of thebeet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Huebner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), on cotton leaves in thelaboratory. Oviposition deterrence in no-choice, and two- and five-choice assays, was observed forthe neem-based insecticide treatments when compared with a non-treated control. Neem-basedinsecticides also deterred feeding by beet armyworm larvae. Direct contact with neem-basedinsecticides decreased the survival of beet army-worm eggs. Survival of beet armyworm larvae fed for7 days on leaves treated with neem-based insecticides was reduced to 27, 33, 60, and 61% for neemleaf powder, Ecozin, Agroneem, and Neemix, respectively. Possibilities for adoption of neem-basedinsecticides in commercial cotton for beet armyworm control are discussed.

关键词： azadirachtin beet armyworm cotton feeding oviposition deterrence spodoptera exigua

Accuracy of biometric formulae for intraocular lens power calculation in a teaching hospital

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2020年第1期13卷 61-65页

作者： Kevin S Tang Elaine m Tran Allison J Chen David R Rivera Jorge J Rivera Paul B greenberg Division of Ophthalmology Alpert Medical SchoolBrown UniversityProvidence 02903Rhode IslandUSA Section of Ophthalmology Providence VA Medical CenterProvidence 02908Rhode IslandUSA Shiley Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology University of California San DiegoLa Jolla 92093CaliforniaUSA

AIm: To evaluate the accuracy of three commonly used biometric formulae across different axial lengths(ALs) at one United States Veterans Affairs teaching ***: A retrospective chart review was conducted from November 2013 to may 2018. One eye of each patient who underwent cataract surgery with a monofocal intraocular lens(IOL) was included. The range of postoperative follow-up period was from 3 wk to 4 mo. The Holladay 2, Barrett Universal II, and Hill-Radial Basis Function(Hill-RBF) formulae were used to predict the postoperative refraction for all cataract surgeries. For each formula, we calculated the prediction errors [including mean absolute prediction error(mAE)] and the percentage of eyes within ±0.25 diopter(D) and ±0.5 D of predicted refraction. We performed subgroup analyses for short(ALmm), medium(AL 22.0-25.0 mm), and long eyes(AL>25.0 mm).RESULTS: A total of 1131 patients were screened, and 909 met the inclusion criteria. Resident ophthalmologists were the primary surgeons in 710(78.1%) cases. We found no statistically significant difference in predictive accuracy among the three formulae over the entire AL range or in the short, medium, and long eye subgroups. Across the entire AL range, the Hill-RBF formula resulted in the lowest mAE(0.384 D) and the highest percentage of eyes with postoperative refraction within ±0.25 D(42.7%) and ±0.5 D(75.5%) of predicted. All three formulae had the highest mAEs(>0.5 D) and lowest percentage within ±0.5 D of predicted refraction(mmonly used biometric formulae demonstrate similar refractive accuracy across all ALs. Short eyes pose the greatest challenge to predicting postoperative refractive error.

关键词： cataract surgery biometry intraocular lens power calculation