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Pathogenesis of childhood idiopathic nephrotic syndrome:a paradigm shift from T-cells to podocytes

World Journal of Pediatrics 2015年第1期11卷 21-28页

作者： Kazunari Kaneko Shoji Tsuji Takahisa Kimata Tetsuya Kitao Sohsaku Yamanouchi shogo kato Department of Pediatrics Kansai Medical University2-5-1 Shin-machiHirakataOsaka 573-1010Japan

Background:Nephrotic syndrome is the most common cause of kidney disease in children,but its pathogenesis remains *** article reviews the novel aspects of the mechanisms underlying massive proteinuria in minimal-change disease,which is the most common form of childhood nephrotic *** sources:This article integrates the findings of a PubMed database search for English language articles published in the past 40 years(from September 1974 to February 2014)using the key words"pathogenesis","minimal change nephrotic syndrome"or"idiopathic ne phrotic syndrome".Results:Unknown humoral factors associated with T-cell dysfunction have been thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of minimal-change ***,recent findings are changing this paradigm,i.e,visceral glomerular epithelial cells(podocytes)may be involved via expression of molecules such as CD80 and angiopoietin-like ***:Recent evidence suggests that minimal-change disease results from interactions between humoral factors and dysfunctional *** addition to immunosuppressant drugs that target lymphocytes,a biological agent such as an antibody against the abnormal molecule(S)expressed by podocytes may provide novel drug treatment for minimal-change disease.

关键词： angiopoietin-like 4 CD80 cytokine minimal change nephrotic syndrome podocyte

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Influence of contamination on banded iron formations in the Isua supracrustal belt, West Greenland: Reevaluation of the Eoarchean seawater compositions

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Geoscience Frontiers 2018年第4期9卷 1049-1072页

作者： shogo Aoki Chiho Kabashima Yasuhiro kato Takafumi Hirata Tsuyoshi Komiya Department of Earth Science and Astronomy The University of Tokyo Frontier Research Center for Energy and Resources School of EngineeringThe University of Tokyo Department of Systems Innovation School of EngineeringThe University of Tokyo Ocean Resources Research Center for Next Generation Chiba Institute of Technology Research and Development Center for Submarine Resources Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology(JAMSTEC) Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences Kyoto University

Banded Iron Formations（BIFs） are chemical sediments, ubiquitously distributed in the Precambrian supracrustal belts; thus their trace element compositions are helpful for deciphering geochemical evolution on the Earth through time. However, it is necessary to elucidate factors controlling the whole-rock compositions in order to decode the ancient seawater compositions because their compositions are highly variable. We analyzed major and trace element contents of the BIFs in the 3.8-3.7 Ga Isua supracrustal belt（ISB）, southern West Greenland. The BIFs are petrographically classified into four types：Black-,Gray-, Green-and White-types, respectively. The Green-type BIFs contain more amphiboles, and are significantly enriched in Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, heavy rare earth element（HREE） and U contents. However,their bulk compositions are not suitable for estimate of seawater composition because the enrichment was caused by secondary mobility of metamorphic Mg, Ca and Si-rich fluid, involvement of carbonate minerals and silicate minerals of olivine and pyroxene and/or later silicification or contamination of volcanic and clastic materials. The White-type BIFs are predominant in quartz, and have lower transition element and REE contents. The Gray-type BIFs contain both quartz and magnetite. The Black-type BIFs are dominated by magnetite, and contain moderate to high transition element and REE contents. But,positive correlations of V, Ni, Zn and U contents with Zr contents suggest that involvement of detrital,volcanic and exhalative materials influences on their contents. The evidence for significant influence of the materials on the transition element contents such as Ni in the BIFs indicates the transition element contents in the Archean ocean were much lower than previously estimated. We reconstructed secular variations of V,Co, Zn and U contents of BIFs through time, which show Ni and Co contents decreased whereas V, Zn and U contents increased through time. Especially, the Ni

关键词： Banded iron formations Eoarchean Isua supracrustal belt Bioessential elements Seawater compositions

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Significance of timing of therapeutic line on effectiveness of nivolumab for metastatic renal cell carcinoma

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Current Urology 2023年第1期17卷 52-57页

作者： Jun Teishima Daiki Murata Kazuma Yukihiro Yohei Sekino shogo Inoue Tetsutaro Hayashi Koji Mita Yasuhisa Hasegawa Masao kato Mitsuru Kajiwara Masanobu Shigeta Satoshi Maruyama Hiroyuki Moriyama Seiji Fujiwara Akio Matsubara Department of Urology Graduate School of Biomedical and Health SciencesHiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan Department of Urology Hiroshima-City Asa Citizens HospitalHiroshimaJapan Department of Urology Fukuyama Medical CenterFukuyamaJapan Department of Urology Hiroshima General HospitalHatsukaichiJapan Department of Urology Hiroshima Prefectural HospitalHiroshimaJapan Department of Urology Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer CenterKureJapan Department of Urology Miyoshi Central HospitalMiyoshiJapan Department of Urology Onomichi General HospitalOnomichiJapan Department of Urology Higashi-Hiroshima Medical Center Higashi-HiroshimaJapan

Objectives:This study aimed to clarify the significance of therapeutic timing on the effectiveness of nivolumab for treating metastatic renal cell *** and methods:Fifty-eight patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with nivolumab monotherapy were retrospectively *** who were treated with nivolumab as second-line therapy were included in the second-line group,while the others were included in the later-line *** clinicopathological characteristics,effects of nivolumab,and prognoses of these groups were ***:Twenty and thirty-eight patients were included in the second-line and later-line groups,*** were no significant differences in the distribution of International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consotium risk and other clinicopathological characteristics between the 2 *** proportion of patients whose objective best response was progressive disease in the second-line group was significantly lower than that in the later-line group(15%vs.50%,p=0.0090).The 50%progression-free survival with nivolumab in the second-line group was significantly better than that in the later-line group(not reached and 5 months,p=0.0018).Multivariate analysis showed that the second-line setting was an independent predictive factor for better progression-free survival(p=0.0028,hazard ratio=0.108).The 50%overall survival after starting nivolumab in the second-line and later-line groups was not reached and 27.8 months,respectively(p=0.2652).Conclusions:The therapeutic efficacy of nivolumab as second-line therapy is expected to be better than that of later therapy.

关键词： Immune checkpoint inhibitor Metastatic renal cell carcinoma Nivolumab Prognostic factor Second-line treatment

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