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Urban Groundwater Quality in India

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2016年第6期7卷 961-971页

作者： Nohar Singh Dahariya shobhana ramteke Bharat Lal Sahu Khageshwar Singh Patel School of Studies in Chemistry/Environmental Science Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University Raipur India

The electrical conductivity, alkalinity, salinity, hardness and chemical load of the groundwater in urban area of the country are increased enormously due to excessive urban stresses by making water unsafe for drinking purposes. Therefore, the groundwater quality of Raipur city, capital of Chhattisgarh state, India has been investigated. The physico-chemical characteristic of the groundwater along with the chemical loading variations is described. Various indices were used for rating of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes. The cluster and factor analysis models were used for source apportion of the contaminants.

关键词： Groundwater Quality Sources Indices

Contamination of Environment with Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in India

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2015年第11期6卷 1268-1278页

作者： Khageshwar Singh Patel shobhana ramteke Yogita Naik Bharat Lal Sahu Saroj Sharma Jutta Lintelmann Matuschek Georg School of Studies in Chemistry/Environmental Science Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University Raipur India Department of Chemistry Devi Rathi Mahila Mahavidhaya Rajnandagaon India GSF-Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit Institut für &#214 kologische Chemie Neuherberg Germany

Environment in India is contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) due to occurring of large anthropogenic activities i.e. fuel combustion, mineral roasting and biomass burning. Hence, contamination of 13 toxic PAHs: phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benz (a) anthracene, ben-zo (b) fluoranthene, benzo (k) fluoranthene, benzo (a) pyrene, benzo (ghi) perylene, dibenz (ah) anthracene, indeno1,2,3-(cd) pyrene, coronene and coronene in the environment (i.e. ambient particulate matter, road dust, sludge and sewage) of the most industrialized area: Raipur city, India is described. The ΣPAH13 concentration in the 16 environment materials was ranged from 7980 - 1,051,300 μg/kg with mean value of 172,613 ± 154,726 μg/kg. The concentration variations, toxicities and sources of the PAHs in various environmental compartments are discussed.

关键词： Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Dust Sewage Sludge

Geochemistry of Rare Earth Elements in Sediment of Central India

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2016年第5期7卷 705-714页

作者： Bharat Lal Sahu Keshaw Prakash Rajhans shobhana ramteke Khageshwar Singh Patel Irena Wysocka Irena Jaron School of Studies in Chemistry/Environmental Science Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University Raipur India Polish Geological Institute Warsaw Poland

The rare earth elements (REE) are of great interests due to wide industrial applications. In the present work, geochemistry of REE in the contaminated pond sediment of Ambagarh Chowki, cen-tral India is described. The concentration (n = 24) of La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Eu, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Th and U was ranged from 16 - 119, 41 - 163, 4.1 - 28, 16 - 99, 0.7 - 2.7, 3.2 - 18, 2.7 - 16, 0.4 - 2.3, 2.2 - 13, 0.4 - 2.4, 1.1 - 6.1, 0.2 - 0.8, 0.9 - 4.8, 0.13 - 0.70, 6 - 25 and 0.46 - 1.86 mg/kg with mean value of 42 ± 9, 89 ± 13, 9.4 ± 1.9, 34 ± 7, 1.2 ± 0.2, 6.3 ± 1.2, 5.4 ± 1.0, 0.8 ± 0.1, 4.2 ± 0.8, 0.8 ± 0.2, 2.0 ± 0.4, 0.3 ± 0.1, 1.6 ± 0.3, 0.24 ± 0.04, 11 ± 2 and 1.14 ± 0.13 mg/kg, respectively. The concen-tration ratio of ∑LREE/∑HREE, La/Y and Th/U are discussed. The spatial distribution and sources of the REE are described.

关键词： Rare Earth Element Sediment Geochemistry Sources

Contamination of Industrial Waste Water in Central India

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2016年第1期7卷 72-81页

作者： Ankit Yadav Keshaw Prakash Rajhans shobhana ramteke Bharat Lal Sahu Khageshwar Singh Patel Borislav Blazhev School of Studies in Chemistry/Environmental Science Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University Raipur India Central Laboratory for Chemical Testing and Control Sofia Bulgaria

The most of iron, cement, paper and plastic related industries are running in Raipur area of the country. They use a large amount of water by discharging effluents into the streams and rivers by polluting nearby water resources. In this work, the physico-chemical characteristics of discharged waste water of 34 industries (i.e. iron, steel, power, paper and polymer) are described. The waste water is found to be acidic in nature with high contents of F- and other ions.

关键词： Waste Water Quality Acidity Fluoride Metals

Heavy Metal Contamination of Vegetables

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2016年第7期7卷 996-1004页

作者： shobhana ramteke Bharat Lal Sahu Nohar Singh Dahariya Khageshwar Singh Patel Borislav Blazhev Laurent Matini School of Studies in Chemistry/Environmental Science Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University Raipur India Bulgarian Food Safety Agency Central Laboratory for Chemical Testing and Control Sofia Bulgaria Department of Exact Sciences Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Congo

In India, several (>50) vegetables are widely used as food due to their high nutrition values. However, vegetables in industrial area are getting contaminated with heavy metals by disturbing biological and biochemical processes in the human body. In present study, the risk of human health by heavy metals (Fe, As, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and Hg) through the intake of common vegetables i.e. Solanum lycopersicum, Solanum melongena, Amaranthus tricolor L., Chenopodium album L., Spinacia oleracea and Coriandrum sativum obtained from the largest coal burning basin, Korba, India is described . The concentration of Fe, As, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and Hg in the soils (n = 6) was ranged from 18,328 - 37,980, 85 - 105, 34 - 72, 314 - 760, 146 - 165, 126 - 164, 1.11 - 1.39, 116 - 148 and 0.11 - 0.21 mg/kg with mean value (p = 0.05) of 28,011 ± 6582, 96 ± 6, 57 ± 11, 597 ± 148, 153 ± 5, 145 ± 11, 1.26 ± 0.10, 133 ± 11 and 0.16 ± 0.03 mg/kg, respectively. The contamination, sources and bioaccumulation, pollution and health risk indices of the heavy metals i.e. As, Fe, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and Hg in the plants are described.

关键词： Heavy Metals Vegetables Contamination Metal Pollution Index Health Risk Index

Transport Pollution in India

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2015年第9期6卷 757-766页

作者： Khageshwar Singh Patel Dhananjay Sahu shobhana ramteke Borislav Blazhev Laurent Matini Eduardo Yubero Jan Hoinkis School of Studies in Environmental Science Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University Raipur India Central Laboratory for Chemical Testing and Control Sofia Bulgaria Department of Exact Sciences E.N.S. Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Congo Applied Physics Department Miguel Hernandez University Elche Spain Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences Karlsruhe Germany

Road dusts contribute a large fraction of air pollution in urban environment of India. In the present work, contamination assessment of ions and elements i.e. F﹣, Cl﹣, NO-3, SO2-4, NH+4, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, As, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb and Hg in the road dusts of the most industrialized area of central India: Raipur (capital, Chhattisgarh state) is described during year: 2008-2013. In year 2008, the mean content of the element i.e. F﹣, Cl﹣, NO-3, SO2-4, NH+4, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, As, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb and Hgin the dust (n = 5) was found to be 292 ± 112, 5068 ± 2445, 927 ± 280, 3336 ± 1315, 155 ± 65, 4273 ± 1761, 1477 ± 626, 974 ± 243, 9809 ± 2370, 21.2 ± 2.4, 150 ± 30, 12,816 ± 12,522, 157,736 ± 61,542, 60 ± 7, 566 ± 608, 348 ± 154, 296 ± 163 and 0.10 ± 0.09 mg/kg, respectively. The enrichment, concentration variations and sources of the elements are discussed.

关键词： Road Dust Heavy Metals Ions Contamination India

Micronutrient Status in Soil of Central India

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第19期6卷 3025-3037页

作者： Khageshwar Singh Patel Santosh Chikhlekar shobhana ramteke Bharat Lal Sahu Nohar Singh Dahariya Reetu Sharma School of Studies in Chemistry/Environmental Science Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University Raipur India

Two major issues, i.e. large crop productions and huge anthropogenic activities (e.g. fuel burning and mineral roasting) disturb the micronutrient balance in the soil of India. In this work, the available and total status of eight micronutrients i.e. Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Co, Ni, Mo, and S of the soils in the most urbanized area: Raipur area, Chhattisgarh, India (extending over ≈ 2 × 104 km2) is described. The available status of micronutrients i.e. Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Co, Ni, Mo and SO42- in the soils (n = 100) was ranged from 30 - 8253, 205 - 2800, 2.0 - 8.1, 0.7 - 5.0, 2.2 - 31.2, 0.1 - 13.4, 0.1 - 8.9 and 41 - 747 mg/kg with mean value of (at 95% probability) 642 ± 186, 1178 ± 119, 4.3 ± 0.3, 2.3 ± 0.2, 12.8 ± 1.3, 3.9 ± 0.6, 1.5 ± 0.3 and 281 ± 25 mg/kg, respectively. The concentration variations, deficiencies and toxicities of the micronutrients in the soil are discussed.

关键词： Soil Micronutrient Available Total Content

Fluoride Contamination of Groundwater and Health Hazard in Central India

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2015年第17期7卷 1416-1428页

作者： Nohar Singh Dahariya Keshaw Prakash Rajhans Ankit Yadav shobhana ramteke Bharat Lal Sahu Khageshwar Singh Patel School of Studies in Chemistry/Environmental Science Pt Ravishankar Shukla University Raipur India

The basic bed rocks of central India are contaminated with fluorite minerals. The overuse of groundwater for irrigation causes increased mineralization of F- in the groundwater. This contaminated groundwater is widely used for drinking and other household purposes. The excess F- is excreted through urine of animals. In this work, the exposure of contaminated groundwater in domestic animals of Dongargarh city, Chhattisgarh, India is studied. The symptoms of fluorosis diseases in the domestic animals i.e. cattle and buffalo are surveyed. The quality and sources of the contaminants of the groundwater are discussed.

关键词： Exposure Fluoride Fluorosis Groundwater

Polychlorinated Biphenyls Contamination of Sludge in India

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2015年第11期6卷 867-877页

作者： Khageshwar Singh Patel shobhana ramteke Bharat Lal Sahu Yogita Nayak Saroj Sharma Chin-Chang Hung School of Studies in Chemistry/Environmental Science Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University Raipur India Department of Chemistry Devi Rathi Mahila Mahavidhaya Rajnandagaon India Institute of Marine Environmental Chemistry and Ecology National Taiwan Ocean University Taiwan

Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) exist in all compartments of the ecosystem due to wide industrial applications and production during burning processes. The PCBs congeners were quantified in the industrial, municipal and agricultural wastes of the most industrialized area of the country, Raipur city, India. The concentration of ΣPCBs in the sludge, sewage and agriculture wastes (n = 4) was ranged from 497 - 800 μg/kg with mean value of 634 ± 146 μg/kg. The PCBs congeners detected in the waste materials were ranged from 56 - 85 with mean value of 75 ± 13. The highest number of congeners was quantified in the sludge materials due to the existence of the heavy PCBs. The PCBs congeners were found to decrease vertically due to the adsorption by the geo-media. The distribution, sources and toxicities of PCBs congeners in the waste materials are discussed.

关键词： Polychlorinated Biphenyls Sewage Sludge Contamination