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From a single network to a network of networks

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national Science Review 2014年第3期1卷 346-356页

作者： Jianxi Gao Daqing Li shlomo Havlin Department of Automation Shanghai Jiao Tong University Center for Complex network Research and Department of Physics Northeastern University School of Reliability and Systems Engineering Beihang University Science and Technology on Reliability and Environmental Engineering Laboratory Department of Physics Bar-Ilan University

network science has atracted much atention in recent years due to its interdisciplinary applications. We witnessed the revolution of network science in 1998 and 1999 started with small-world and scale-free networks having now thousands of high-proile publications, and it seems that since 2010 studies of‘network of networks’(nOn), sometimes called multilayer networks or multiplex, have atracted more and more atention. he analytic framework for nOn yields a novel percolation law for n interdependent networks that shows that percolation theory of single networks studied extensively in physics and mathematics in the last 50 years is a speciic limit of the rich and very diferent general case of n coupled networks. Since then, properties and dynamics of interdependent and interconnected networks have been studied extensively, and scientists are inding many interesting results and discovering many surprising phenomena. Because most natural and engineered systems are composed of multiple subsystems and layers of connectivity, it is important to consider these features in order to improve our understanding of such complex systems. now the study of nOn has become one of the important directions in network *** this paper, we review recent studies on the new emerging area—nOn. Due to the fast growth of this ield, there are many deinitions of diferent types of nOn, such as interdependent networks,interconnected networks, multilayered networks, multiplex networks and many others. here exist many datasets that can be represented as nOn, such as network of diferent transportation networks including light networks, railway networks and road networks, network of ecological networks including species interacting networks and food webs, network of biological networks including gene regulation network,metabolic network and protein–protein interacting network, network of social networks and so on. Among them, many interdependent networks including critical infrastructures are embe

关键词： network of networks interdependency cascading failures spacial networks phase transition

Efficient network immunization under limited knowledge

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national Science Review 2021年第1期8卷 127-134页

作者： Yangyang Liu Hillel Sanhedrai Gao Gao Dong Louis M.Shekhtman Fan Wang Sergey V.Buldyrev shlomo Havlin Department of Systems Science National University of Defense Technology Department of Physics Bar-Ilan University Faculty of Science Jiangsu University network Science Institute Northeastern University Department of Physics Yeshiva University

Targeted immunization of centralized nodes in large-scale networks has attracted significant ***, in real-world scenarios, knowledge and observations of the network may be limited, thereby precluding a full assessment of the optimal nodes to immunize（or quarantine） in order to avoid epidemic spreading such as that of the current coronavirus disease（COVID-19） epidemic. Here, we study a novel immunization strategy where only n nodes are observed at a time and the most central among these n nodes is immunized. This process can globally immunize a network. We find that even for small n（≈10） there is significant improvement in the immunization（quarantine）, which is very close to the levels of immunization with full knowledge. We develop an analytical framework for our method and determine the critical percolation threshold p;and the size of the giant component P∞ for networks with arbitrary degree distributions P（k）. In the limit of n →∞ we recover prior work on targeted immunization, whereas for n = 1 we recover the known case of random immunization. Between these two extremes, we observe that, as n increases,p;increases quickly towards its optimal value under targeted immunization with complete information. In particular, we find a new general scaling relationship between |p;（∞）-p;（n）| and n as |p;（∞）-p;（n）| ～n;exp（-αn）. For scale-free（SF） networks, where P（k）～ k;, 2 nd that p;has a transition from zero to nonzero when n increases from n = 1 to O（log n）(where n is the size of the network). Thus, for SF networks, having knowledge of ≈log n nodes and immunizing the most optimal among them can dramatically reduce epidemic spreading. We also demonstrate our limited knowledge immunization strategy on several real-world networks and confirm that in these real networks, p;increases significantly even for small n.

关键词： percolation complex networks network immunization critical phenomena

Application of iron oxide anoparticles in neuronal tissue engineering

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neural Regeneration Research 2015年第2期10卷 189-191页

作者： Ofra Ziv-Polat shlomo Margel Abraham Shahar n.V.R Research Ltd. Department of Chemistry Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Bar-Ilan University

Since the introduction of nanotechnology, nanoscale materials have developed rapidly and have been applied in various fields including in the pharmaceutical industry, medicine, and tissue engineering. Among a variety of nanomaterials, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles （IOnPs） have been intensively investigated for numerous in vivo applications such as gene and drug delivery, diagnostics, cell labeling and sorting. Compared to nanoparticles made from other materials, IOnPs have several additional unique applications due to their magnetic properties, for example, magnetic cell separation,

关键词： GDnF Application of iron oxide anoparticles in neuronal tissue engineering

The effects of L-Dopa and <i>n</i>-(alpha-linolenoyl) tyrosine on 6-OH-DA lesions on dopamine level and activity, dyskinesia and homocysteinemia in rats

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Advances in Parkinson's Disease 2013年第1期2卷 1-4页

作者： shlomo Yehuda Sharon Rabinovitz-Shenkar Department of Criminology Bar Ilan University Ramat Gan Israe Department of Psychology Bar Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel

The three major issues in L-DOPA therapy for Parkinson are: 1) rapid tolerance;2) induced dyskinesia;3) hyperhomocysteinemia. The newly synthesized molecule, which is an amide bond molecule composed of L-tyrosine and alphalinolenic acid, i.e., n-(alpha-linolenoyl) tyrosine (nLT), represents a new class of molecules that combines essential amino acids with essential fatty acids. This study demonstrates that acute administration of nLT results in prolonged increase of the brain dopamine level, and that this molecule is able to overcome the three major problems associated with Parkinson’s L-DOPA therapy: it is able to elevate brain dopamine levels and increase activity, without inducing tolerance, dyskinesia or hyperhomocysteinemia.

关键词： Parkinson Dopamine Tolerance Dyskinesia Homocysteine Rotational Behavior

在改善帕金森病对侧症状方面未定带尾侧刺激优于丘脑下核刺激

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世界核心医学期刊文摘(神经病学分册) 2006年第11期 17-18页

作者： Plaha P Ben-shlomo Y Patel n.K Gill S.S 王鹏 Frenchay Hospital Bristol BS16 1LE United Kingdom

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has an increasing role in the treatment of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. Although, the subthalamic nucleus (STn) is the commonly chosen target, a number of groups have reported that the most effective contact lies dorsal/dorsomedial to the STn (region of the pallidofugal fibres and the rostral zona incerta) or at the junction between the dorsal border of the STn and the latter. We analysed our outcome data from Parkinson’s disease patients treated with DBS between April 2002 and June 2004. During this period we moved our target from the STn to the region dorsomedial/medial to it and subsequently targeted the caudal part of the zona incerta nucleus (cZI). We present a comparison of the motor outcomes between these three groups of patients with optimal contacts within the STn (group 1), dorsomedial/medial to the STn (group 2) and in the cZI nucleus (group 3). Thirty five patients with Parkinson’s disease underwent MRI directed implantation of 64 DBS leads into the STn (17), dorsomedial/medial to STn (20) and cZI (27). The primary outcome measure was the contralateral Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor score (off medication/off stimulation versus off medication/on stimulation) measured at follow-up (median time 6 months). The secondary outcome measures were the UPDRS III subscores of tremor, bradykinesia and rigidity. Dyskinesia score, L-dopa medication reduction and stimulation parameters were also recorded. The mean adjusted contralateral UPDRS III score with cZI stimulation was 3.1 (76%reduction) compared to 4.9 (61%reduction) in group 2 and 5.7 (55%reduction) in the STn (P-value for trend nt in tremor with cZI stimulation versus 86%in group 2 versus 61%in group 1 (P-value = 0.01). Adjusted ‘off-on’rigidity scores were 1.0 for the cZI group (76%reduction), 2.0 for group 2 (52%reduction) and 2.1 for group 1 (50%reduction)(P-value for trend = 0.002). Bradykinesia was more markedly imp

关键词：帕金森病患者 DBS 未定带运动迟缓 STn 对侧

英国帕金森病研究小组对联合应用左旋多巴和司来吉林治疗早期、轻型帕金森病致额外死亡的研究:随机和可信的深入研究

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英国医学杂志中文版 1998年第3期1卷 113-118页

作者： Y Ben-shlomo A Churchyard J Head B Hurwitz P Overstall J Ockelford A J Lees 秦斌曾湘豫刘士民 senior lecturer in clinical epidemiology Department of Social Medicine University of BristolBristol BS8 2PR Kate Stillman research fellow University College London Hospitals London WC1 lecturer in statistics continued over Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University College London Medical SchoolLondon WC1E 6BT senior lecturer in primary care Department of Primary Health Care and General Practice Imperial College School of MedicineLondon W2 1PG senior lecturer in primary care Hereford General Hospital Hereford HR1 2PA research administrator Parkinson's Disease Research Group of the United Kingdom National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery research administrator consultant newrologist national Hospital for neurology and neurosurgery London WC1N 3BG

目的:探讨是否可用帕金森病修订的诊断、自主神经作用、心血管作用、更快的疾病进展或药物相互作用来解释服用左旋多巴和司来吉林随机试验病人的额外死亡。设计:采用开放、随机试验、双盲对照和对死亡原因重新再分组的方法进行研究,病... 详细信息

目的:探讨是否可用帕金森病修订的诊断、自主神经作用、心血管作用、更快的疾病进展或药物相互作用来解释服用左旋多巴和司来吉林随机试验病人的额外死亡。设计:采用开放、随机试验、双盲对照和对死亡原因重新再分组的方法进行研究,病人来源于1985～1990年间93所医院,统计截止于1993年12月前死亡的病人,分第一组和第二组。组织单位:英国研究对象:624例没有接受过多巴胺制剂治疗的早期帕金森病病人和在试验期间死亡的120例。研究方法:第一组服用左旋多巴和多巴脱羧酶抑制剂;第二组服用左旋多巴和多巴脱羧酶抑制剂并联合应用司来吉林;第三组单独服用溴隐亭。主要数据:第一、二组520例及由第三组随机分到第一、二组的104例病人的死亡原因。根据专家组意见、修订的诊断和疾病残疾程度、自主神经和心血管疾病记录的证据、死前其它临床特征和药物相互作用,分析死于原来第一、二组病例的特殊额外死因。结果:将随访延期到1995年9月底(平均6.8年),当第二组试验停止时,第二组的危险比与第一组相比是1.32(95%可信范围在0.98～1.79之间)。将第三组病例随机分入第二组后,其危险比是1.54(0.83～2.87)。当包括全部病例时,其危险比是1.33(1.02～1.74),调整其它基本因素后其危险比是1.30(0.99～1.72)。其额外死亡似乎在随访至第三或四年时为最高。病因特异性死亡率显示额外死亡仅源于帕金森病(其危险率是2.5(1.3～4.7))。修订的诊断、疾病的残疾记分、自主神经或心血管意外、其它临床特征或药物相互作用等均未发现有明显差异。第二组与第一组相比,发现第二组病人在死亡前多合并有可能的痴呆和摔倒史。结论:这些结果一致地显示服用左旋多巴和司来吉林联合治疗的病人有额外死亡。修订的诊断、自主神经和心血管意外或药物的相互作用都不能解释此所见,但摔倒和可能的痴呆在第二组中更常见。本试验结果不支持对早期诊断的帕金森病人进行联合治疗。在疾病晚期,对伴有体位性低血压、意识模糊或痴呆的病人,可以应用联合治疗。

关键词：帕金森病左旋多巴早期帕金森药物相互作用多巴胺制剂死亡原因残疾程度心血管作用心血管疾病疾病晚期

血管性认知损害诊断的进一步规范化：血管性认知损害分类共识研究组指南

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国际脑血管病杂志 2018年第4期26卷 241-250页

作者： Olivia A. Skrobot Sandra E. Black Christopher Chen Charles DeCarli Timo Erkinjuntti Gary A. Ford Rajesh n. Kalaria John O'Brien Leonardo Pantoni Florence Pasquier Gustavo C. Roman Anders Wallin Perminder Sachdev Ingmar Skoog the VICCCS group Yoav Ben-shlomo Anthony P. Passmore Seth Love Patrick G. Kehoe 朱婷珂徐俊 Translational Health Sciences University of Bristol Bristol UK Sunnybrook Research Institute University of Toronto Ontario Canada Department of Pharmacology National University of Singapore Singapore Department of neurology and Center for neuroscience University of California at Davis Sacramento California USA neurology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland Divison of Medical Sciences Oxford University Oxford UK Institute of neuroscience Newcastle University Newcastle UK Department of Psychiatry University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine Cambridge UK nEUROFARBA Department University of FlorenceFlorence Italy Inserm U1171 University of Lille Lille France Methodist neurological Institute Houston Texas USA Memory Clinic at Department of neuropsychiatry Sahlgrenska University Hospital Molndal Sweden Institute of neuroscience and Physiology Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of Gothenburg Sweden School of Psychiatry University of New South WalesSydney Australia neuropsychiatric Institute Prince of Wales Hospital Randwick New South WalesAustralia Population Health Sciences University of Bristol Bristol UK Institute of Institute of Clinical Sciences Block B Queens University Belfast Belfast UK 116044 大连医科大学 116044 苏北人民医院神经内科扬州225001 首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院神经内科北京100069

引言血管性认知损害（vascular cognitive impairment,VCI）诊断共识的缺乏（体现为多种不同评估方案的使用）,妨碍了对其理解和治疗的推进.多个国家的大量临床医生和研究人员参与了2个阶段血管性认知损害分类共识研究（Vascular Impair... 详细信息

引言血管性认知损害（vascular cognitive impairment,VCI）诊断共识的缺乏（体现为多种不同评估方案的使用）,妨碍了对其理解和治疗的推进.多个国家的大量临床医生和研究人员参与了2个阶段血管性认知损害分类共识研究（Vascular Impairment of Cognition Classification Consensus Study,VICCCS）,旨在就VCI的诊断原则（VICCCS-1）和诊断方案（VICCCS-2）达成一致意见.本文提供了VICCCS-2的相关内容.方法使用VICCCS-1达成的原则和已发表的诊断指南作为在线德尔菲（Delphi）调查的参考基点,以期对VCI的临床诊断达成共识.结果共进行了6轮调查,每轮有65～79名专家参与,他们就VICCCS修订的轻度和重度VCI的诊断指南达成共识,并肯定了美国国立神经疾病与卒中研究所-加拿大卒中网（national Institute of neurological Disorders and Stroke–Canadian Stroke network,nInDS-CSn）发布的神经心理学评估方案和对影像学检查的推荐意见.讨论VICCCS-2建议规范化应用nInDS-CSn推荐的神经心理学和影像学评估方案诊断VCI,以促进研究协作.

关键词：血管性认知损害血管性痴呆指南标准共识德尔菲法