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Optoelectronic devices based on two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides

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Nano Research 2016年第6期9卷 1543-1560页

作者： He Tian Matthew L. Chin Sina Najmaei Qiushi Guo Fengnian Xia Hart Wang madan Dubey Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering University of Southern California Los Angeles California 90089 USA United States Army Research Laboratory Maryland 20783-1197 USA Department of Electrical Engineering Yale University Connecticut 06511 USA

In the past few years, two-dimensional （2D） transition metal dichalcogenide （TMDC） materials have attracted increasing attention of the research community, owing to their unique electronic and optical properties, ranging from the valley-spin coupling to the indirect-to-direct bandgap transition when scaling the materials from multi-layer to monolayer. These properties are appealing for the development of novel electronic and optoelectronic devices with important applications in the broad fields of communication, computation, and healthcare. One of the key features of the TMDC family is the indirect-to-direct bandgap transition that occurs when the material thickness decreases from multilayer to monolayer, which is favorable for many photonic applications. TMDCs have also demonstrated unprecedented flexibility and versatility for constructing a wide range of heterostructures with atomic-level control over their layer thickness that is also free of lattice mismatch issues. As a result, layered TMDCs in combination with other 2D materials have the potential for realizing novel high-performance optoelectronic devices over a broad operating spectral range. In this article, we review the recent progress in the synthesis of 2D TMDCs and optoelectronic devices research. We also discuss the challenges facing the scalable applications of the family of 2D materials and provide our perspective on the opportunities offered by these materials for future generations of nanophotonics technology.

关键词： transition metaldichalcogenides (TMDCs),optoelectronic device,molybdenum disulfide(MoS2) photodetector,light-emitting diode (LED)

印度中部某三级眼科护理中心的角膜屈光手术实践

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国际眼科杂志 2023年第11期23卷 1769-1774页

作者： Rajesh Subhash Joshi Ashok Hukumchand madan Namrata Bansode Sonali Tamboli Harapriya Sahoo Ashwini Rasal 政府医学院眼科印度马哈拉施特拉邦那格浦尔440003

目的:研究印度中部患者的特征和角膜屈光手术(KRS)实践。方法:回顾性研究2017-06/2022-04在印度中部某三级眼科护理中心行KRS的患者410例。记录患者的人口统计学资料,如年龄、性别、居住地(城市或农村)、屈光不正、手术原因、最佳矫正... 详细信息

目的:研究印度中部患者的特征和角膜屈光手术(KRS)实践。方法:回顾性研究2017-06/2022-04在印度中部某三级眼科护理中心行KRS的患者410例。记录患者的人口统计学资料,如年龄、性别、居住地(城市或农村)、屈光不正、手术原因、最佳矫正视力、手术类型、术后随访和并发症。结果:410例患者中,324例接受KRS(79.0%)。其中,200例(61.7%)行激光辅助原位角膜磨镶术(LASIK),124例(38.3%)行屈光性角膜切除术(PRK)。研究组最终由179名女性和145名男性组成。患者平均年龄为(25±3.5)岁。大多数患者来自城市地区(n=250,77.2%)。右眼和左眼的平均术前显性屈光度分别为-4.5±2.1和-4.9±2.0。LASIK患者双眼平均手术时间为(15±2)min,PRK患者双眼平均手术时间为(17±3)min。未出现上皮内向生长、皮瓣愈合并发症或感染,且无患者需行增强手术。角膜厚度不理想(n=28,32.6%)是排斥手术最常见的原因。随访1a,3名接受LASIK手术的患者出现回退(-0.5D±1D),屈光度校正分别为-6.75D,-8.5D,-7.0D。结论:LASIK是印度中部人群矫正屈光不正的主要手术。虽然PRK手术的数量很少,但LASIK和PRK都具有良好的视力预后。高度近视选择LASIK时应考虑近视消退。

关键词：准分子激光角膜切削术(PRK) 印度中部角膜屈光手术准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(LASIK)

Short-Term Effect of Nitrogen Intensification on Aggregate Size Distribution, Microbial Biomass and Enzyme Activities in a Semi-Arid Soil Under Different Crop Types

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Pedosphere 2019年第4期29卷 483-491页

作者： Rajasekaran MURUGAN V. R. Ramakrishna PARAMA Beate madan R. MUTHURAJU Bernard LUDWIG Department of Environmental Chemistry University of Kassel Nordbahnhof str. la Witzenhausen 37213 (Germany) Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry University of Agricultural Sciences (GKVK) Bangalore 560065 (India) Organic Plant Production and Agroecosystems Research in the Tropics and Subtropics University of Kassel Stein str. 19 Witzenhausen 37213 (Germany) Department of Agricultural Microbiology University of Agricultural Sciences (GKVK) Bangalore 560065 (India)

There is a lack of quantitative assessments available on the effect of agricultural intensification on soil aggregate distribution and microbial properties. Here, we investigated how short-term nitrogen(N) intensification induced changes in aggregate size distribution and microbial properties in a soil of a hot moist semi-arid region(Bangalore, India). We hypothesised that N intensification would increase the accumulation of macroaggregates > 2 mm and soil microbial biomass and activity, and that the specific crop plant sowed would influence the level of this increase. In November 2016, surface(0–10 cm) and subsurface(10–20 cm) soil samples were taken from three N fertilisation treatments, low N(50 kg N ha-1), medium N(75 and 100 kg N ha-1 for finger millet and maize, respectively),and high N(100 and 150 kg N ha-1 for finger millet and maize, respectively). Distribution of water-stable aggregate concentrations,carbon(C) and N dynamics within aggregate size class, and soil microbial biomass and activity were evaluated. The high-N treatment significantly increased the concentration of large macroaggregates in the subsurface soil of the maize crop treatment, presumably due to an increased C input from root growth. Different N fertilisation levels did not significantly affect C and N concentrations in different aggregate size classes or the bulk soil. High-N applications significantly increased dehydrogenase activity in both the surface soil and the subsurface soil and urease activity in the surface soil, likely because of increased accumulation of enzymes stabilised by soil colloids in dry soils. Dehydrogenase activity was significantly affected by the type of crop, but urease activity not. Overall, our results showed that high N application rates alter large macroaggregates and enzyme activities in surface and subsurface soils through an increased aboveground and corresponding belowground biomass input in the maize crop.

关键词： agricultural intensification biomass input C and N dynamics large macroaggregate microaggregate N application small macroaggregate water-stable aggregates

Determination of flavonoids,polyphenols and antioxidant activity of Tephrosia purpurea:a seasonal study

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2016年第6期14卷 447-455页

作者： madan Mohan Pandey Sayyada Khatoon Subha Rastogi Ajay Kumar Singh Rawat Pharmacognosy&Ethnopharmacology Division CSIR-National Botanical Research InstituteLucknow 226 001India

OBJECTIVE： Tephrosia purpurea （Linn.） Pers. is widely used in traditional medicine to treat liver disorders, febrile attacks, enlargement and obstruction of liver, spleen, and kidney. In the present study investigations were carried out to determine the seasonal impact on the content of flavonoid glycosides and on antioxidant activities so as to identify the optimal time of harvesting. METHODS： The plant materials were collected in different seasons during 2013-2014. Air-dried, powdered plant materials were extracted with 95% ethanol and ethanol：water （1：1 ） by ultrasound-assisted extraction process. Their chemical composition in terms of total polyphenol and flavonoid contents （TPCs and TFCs） was determined using modified colorimetric Folin-Ciocalteu method and aluminum chloride colorimetric assay respectively. To determine the in vitro antioxidant activity, diphenyl-picryl hydrazyl （DPPH） radical-scavenging assay and total antioxidant capacity by phosphomolybdate antioxidant assay were carried out. High-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）/photo-diode array （PDA） analysis was used to quantify the flavonoid glycosides in the samples collected in different seasons. Correlation studies were also carried out between antioxidant activities and TPCs. RESULTS： The highest TPC and TFC were found to be in the 95% ethanolic extract of the August sample and the lowest in the 50% hydro-alcoholic extract of the plant sample collected in winter season. It was observed that in both the assays used to determine the antioxidant activity, the 95% ethanolic extracts in all the seasons showed a higher activity than their respective 50% hydro- alcoholic extracts with an increase in activity as we go from cold to hot to rainy seasons. Based on correlation analysis, DPPH radical-scavenging activities as well as the spectrophotometrically measured phosphomolybdenum complex were also strongly correlated with TPC of the extracts, The most abundant flavonoid glycoside was quercetin-3-O-

关键词： Tephrosia chromatography, high-performance liquid flavonoid glycosides seasonal variation antioxidant effect

Role of intraluminal brachytherapy in palliation of biliary obstruction in cholangiocarcinoma:A brief review

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2022年第3期14卷 106-112页

作者： Divya Khosla Samreen Zaheer Rahul Gupta Renu madan Shikha Goyal Narendra Kumar Rakesh Kapoor Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Educa Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Shalby Multispeciality HospitalMohali 160062PunjabIndiation and ResearchChandigarh 160012U.T.India

Surgery is the only curative treatment for cholangiocarcinoma. However, mostpatients present with advanced disease, and hence are unresectable. Thus, theintent of treatment shifts from curative to palliative in the majority of *** drainage with intraluminal brachytherapy is an effective means ofrelieving the malignant biliary obstruction. In this review, we discuss the role ofbrachytherapy in the palliation of obstructive symptoms in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

关键词： Biliary tract Cholangiocarcinoma Extrahepatic Intraluminal brachytherapy

Socio-economic and Environmental Implications of the Hydroelectric Projects in Uttarakhand Himalaya, India

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Journal of Mountain Science 2007年第4期4卷 344-353页

作者： Naresh Rana S. P. Sati Y.P. Sundriyal madan Mohan Doval Navin Juyal Department of Geology HNB Garhwal University Srinagar Garhwal Uttarakhand India SBMA Anjanisain Tehri Uttarakhand India Physical Research Laboratory Navrangpura Ahmedabad India

This paper deals with detailed analysis of the fiasco created by the Tehri High Dam in Uttarakhand, India, particularly in terms of resettlement and rehabilitation of the local inhabitants. Aspects pertaining to the environmental issues are also discussed. Currently, the river valleys in Uttarakhand state of India are the targets of increasing hydroelectric projects. Virtually all rivers are being exploited for generating environmental friendly power. Having being learned the hard lesson from Tehri Dam, it has been decided to opt for such schemes in which comparatively little submergence and tempering with the fragile eco-systems is ***, our observations suggest that even in such schemes if due care is not taken they may turn out to be a failure.

关键词：森林采伐水电项目印度喜玛拉雅山

Development and in-vitro evaluation of an optimized carvedilol transdermal therapeutic system using experimental design approach

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2013年第1期8卷 28-38页

作者： Namrata Vora S.Lin P.L.madan College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences St.John’s UniversityQueensNY 11439USA

The effect of formulation variables on in-vitro release and permeation properties of carvedilol from transdermal patch was studied by varying one factor at a time as preliminary *** on these results,design of experiments technique was applied followed by regression analysis and response surface methodology to optimize formulation *** Composite IV model design was used with four formulation variables:drug loading,matrix thickness,adhesive layer thickness,and propylene glycol *** formulations were prepared according to the design;and the effect of formulation variables was studied on in-vitro release and permeation profiles of these *** all cases,the permeation profiles paralleled in-vitro release *** drug released at 7 h and 24 h was used as release response parameters while permeation flux obtained was employed as permeation response *** four formulation variables were found to be significant for release properties and three of these exhibited significant effect on permeation profile of carvedilol across artificial *** optimization,using 47.9%of cumulative carvedilol released at 7 h and 99.8%at 24 h as well as 25.7 mg/cm2/h of permeation flux,was applied to obtain desired release and permeation ***,carvedilol was observed to release from the optimized formulation with 51.4%drug release at 7 h and 98.5%at 24 h with an observed flux value of 27.4 mg/cm2/h across artificial membrane,which showed an excellent agreement with the predicted *** results of this investigation show that the quadratic mathematical model developed could be used to further predict formulations with desirable release and permeation properties.

关键词： Transdermal Carvedilol Controlled release Experimental design approach

Composition of forests and vegetation in the Kailash Sacred Landscape,Nepal

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第5期31卷 1625-1635页

作者： Ripu Mardhan Kunwar Maria Fadiman Tobin Hindle madan Krishna Suwal Yagya Prasad Adhikari Kedar Baral Rainer Bussmann Department of Geosciences Florida Atlantic University777 Glades RoadBoca RatonFL 33431USA Department of Geography University of BergenFosswinckelsgate 6P.O.Box 78025020 BergenNorway Department of Biogeography University of BayreuthUniversitatsstr.3095447 BayreuthGermany Department of Forests Kathmandu 44600Nepal Ilia State University Kakutsa Cholokashvili Ave 3/50162 TbilisiRepublic of Georgia

A total of 141 quadrats were sampled using stratified random sampling to study forest,environment and human interactions along an elevation gradient 1800 to 3665 m at the remote Kailash Sacred Landscape,*** forest types were identified,including Laurel-Oak to Rhododendron to Blue pine,comprising 191 species including 60 useful from 166 genera and 87 *** environmental variables elevation,slope,and temperature were significant(p<0.001)in determining the composition and distribution of forest *** of large numbers of useful plants along with diverse forest and vegetation types suggest a strong association between the culture of local villages and nature *** to changes in climate,socio-culture and land-use,forest degradation is expected to accelerate,thus forcing government and indigenous community forest management measures to acknowledge human,cultural and environmental variables for sustainable forest management.

关键词： Phyto-sociological assessment Environmental factors Forest types Culture Kailash Sacred Landscape Nepal

Anticancer activity of crude acetone and water extracts of Tulbaghia violacea on human oral cancer cells

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2018年第9期8卷 456-462页

作者： Samkeliso Takaidza Arumugam madan Kumar Cornelius Cano Ssemakalu Nagabishek Sirpu Natesh Gayathri Karanam Michael Pillay Department of Biotechnology Vaal University of Technology Cancer Biology Lab Molecular and Nanomedicine Research Unit Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology

Objective: To evaluate the anticancer activity of crude acetone and water leaf extracts of Tulbaghia violacea on a human oral cancer cell line(KB).Methods: The antioxidant activity of the leaf extracts was evaluated by using the DPPH assay while the anti-proliferative activity was assessed by using the MTT *** morphological characteristics of apoptotic cells were examined by using the dual acridine orange/ethidium bromide *** cytometry was used to evaluate the induction of multi-caspase activity and changes in the cell ***: The acetone and water extracts exhibited antioxidant activity in a concentration dependent *** extracts inhibited the growth of the KB cell line with IC_(50) values of 0.2 mg/mL and 1 mg/mL, respectively for acetone and *** changes such as cell shrinkage, rounding and formation of membrane blebs were observed in the treated *** acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining, the number of apoptotic cells increased as the concentration of the extracts *** activation of multi-caspase activity in KB cells treated with Tulbaghia violacea extracts was concentration dependent, leading to cell death by apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G_2/M ***: The acetone and water extracts of Tulbaghia violacea appear to have anti-cancer activity against human oral cancer cells and need to be investigated further.

关键词： Anticancer activity Antioxidant Apoptosis Caspase Cell cycle Tulbaghia