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Particuology 2024年第7期90卷 189-198页

作者： Bina Gidwani Vishal Jain Veenu Joshi Ravindra Kumar Pandey shiv shankar shukla Amber Vyas Columbia Institute of Pharmacy Raipur(C.G.)India University Institute of Pharmacy Pt Ravishankar Shukla UniversityRaipur(C.G.)India Center for Basic Science and Research Pt Ravishankar Shukla UniversityRaipur(C.G.)India

Simvastatin, a BCS class II drug, is associated with poor aqueous solubility, first-pass metabolism and short half-life. In the present work, nanoparticles were prepared and evaluated. Optimization of formulation and process parameters was done through the use of independent and dependent variables. Preliminary studies were done to determine suitable range of the concentration of Eudragit polymer (10%–30%) and the ratio of drug to polymer (1:1 to 1:5) for the formation of nanoparticles by emulsification and a solvent evaporation technique. Results revealed that the mean size of nanoparticles was affected by stirring speed from 5000 RPM, 8000 RPM, and 12000 RPM. The results of increase in association efficiency and percent yield with increase in amount of drug from 100 mg, 150 mg, and 200 mg in selected range were observed. In-vitro release studies showed that two formulations possess highest initial burst and slow sustained drug release. There was 2.93-fold decrease in total cholesterol and 3.27-fold increases in triglyceride level during in-vivo study.

关键词： Simvastatin Eudragit RS 100 Nanoparticles Hyperlipidemia

Dynamic properties and liquefaction behaviour of cohesive soil in northeast India under staged cyclic loading

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2018年第5期10卷 958-967页

作者： shiv shankar Kumar A.Murali Krishna Arindam Dey Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati

Estimation of strain-dependent dynamic soil properties, e.g. the shear modulus and damping ratio, along with the liquefaction potential parameters, is extremely important for the assessment and analysis of almost all geotechnical problems involving dynamic loading. This paper presents the dynamic properties and liquefaction behaviour of cohesive soil subjected to staged cyclic loading, which may be caused by main shocks of earthquakes preceded or followed by minor foreshocks or aftershocks, respectively. Cyclic triaxial tests were conducted on the specimens prepared at different dry densities （1.5 g/cm3 and 1.75 g/cm3） and different water contents ranging from 8% to 25%. The results indicated that the shear modulus reduction （G/Gmax） and damping ratio of the specimen remain unaffected due to the changes in the initial dry density and water content. Damping ratio is significantly affected by confining pressure, whereas G/Gmax is affected marginally. It was seen that the liquefaction criterion of cohesive soils based on single-amplitude shear strain （3.75% or the strain at which excess pore water pressure ratio becomes equal to 1, whichever is lower） depends on the initial state of soils and applied stresses. The dynamic model of the regional soil, obtained as an outcome of the cyclic triaxial tests, can be successfully used for ground response analysis of the region.

关键词： Cohesive soil Dynamic soil properties Liquefaction potential Cyclic triaxial tests Staged cyclic loading

Role of Pathogen-Related Protein 10 (PR 10) under Abiotic and Biotic Stresses in Plants

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2020年第2期89卷 167-182页

作者： Rakesh Kumar Sinha shiv shankar Verma Anshu Rastogi Department of Plant Biophysics&Biochemistry Biology Center of the Czech Academy of SciencesInstitute of PlantMolecular BiologyCeskeBudejovice37005Czech Republic School of Medicine Case Western Reserve UniversityCleveland44106USA Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection Laboratory of BioclimatologyPoznan University of Life SciencesPoznan60-649Poland

Members of the Pathogenesis Related(PR)10 protein family have been identified in a variety of plant species and a wide range of functions ranging from defense to growth and development has been attributed to ***10 protein possesses ribonuclease(RNase)activity,interacts with phytohormones,involved in hormone-mediated signalling,afforded protection against various phytopathogenic fungi,bacteria,and viruses particularly in response to biotic and abiotic *** resistance mechanism of PR10 protein may include activation of defense signalling pathways through possible interacting proteins involved in mediating responses to pathogens,degradation of RNA of the invading ***,several morphological changes have been shown to accompany the enhanced abiotic stress *** this review,the possible mechanism of action of PR10 protein against biotic and abiotic stress has been ***,our findings also confirmed that the in vivo Nitric oxide(NO)is essential for most of environmental abiotic stresses and disease resistance against pathogen *** proper level of NO may be necessary and beneficial,not only in plant response to the environmental abiotic stress,but also to biotic *** updated information on this interesting group of proteins will be useful in future research to develop multiple stress tolerance in plants.

关键词： Pathogenesis-related(PR) PR10 abiotic stress biotic stress ribonuclease stress tolerance nitric oxide

Enhanced recovery after surgery protocol enhances early postoperative recovery after pancreaticoduodenectomy

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2019年第2期18卷 188-193页

作者： Ramasamy Mahendran Mallika Tewari Vinod Kumar Dixit Hari shankar shukla Department of Surgical Oncology Institute of Medical Sciences Banaras Hindu University Department of Gastroenterology Institute of Medical Sciences Banaras Hindu University

Background: Enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS) protocol is a multimodal, multidisciplinary and evidence-based approach to reduce surgical stress and enhance recovery in the postoperative period. This study aimed to analyze the outcome of ERAS protocol in patients after pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD). Methods: A total of 50 consecutive patients with pancreatic/periampullary cancer who underwent PD between January 2016 to August 2017 were included in the study. As per the institute ERAS protocol, nasogastric tube(NGT) was removed on postoperative day(POD) 1 if output was less than 200 mL and oral sips were allowed; oral liquids were allowed on POD2; semisolid diet by POD3; abdominal drain was removed on POD 4 if output was less than 100 mL with no evidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula(POPF); normal diet was allowed on POD5. Discharge criteria on POD6 were afebrile, tolerating oral normal diet, pain free and no surgery related complications(defined as per the ISGPS definitions). Results: NGT was removed on POD1 in 45(90%) patients, abdominal drain removed by POD4 in 41(82%) and 43(86%) patients were discharged on POD6. There was no 30-day postoperative mortality. Three(6%) patients had delayed gastric emptying(DGE). None had postoperative hemorrhage and POPF. Readmission rate was 8%. A significant relation was found between the length of hospital stay(LOS) with age( P < 0.05) and a marginal relation between LOS and postoperative albumin( P = 0.05). Conclusions: ERAS protocol can be safely followed in the perioperative care of patients who undergo PD. Early removal of NGT and allowing oral diet restore bowel function early. ERAS decreases the LOS and postoperative complications.

关键词： Enhanced recovery protocol Pancreatic cancer Periampullary cancer Pancreaticoduodenectomy Early discharge

Phytosociology of stratification in a lowland tropical rainforest occurring north of the Tropic of Cancer in Meghalaya, India

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Plant Diversity 2019年第5期41卷 285-299页

作者： Uma shankar Department of Botany North-Eastern Hill University

Stratification in lowland rainforests of Meghalaya,India,which represent the westernmost limit of the rainforests north of the Tropic of Cancer,was studied in horizontal and vertical planes to elucidate the patterns in stacking of species diversity and community attributes,and to draw comparisons with rainforests of‘Indo-Malaya’ecozone(biogeographical realm).All individuals≥10 cm GBH(girth at breast height)were enumerated in six transects of 10 m width and up to 500 m length covering 2.45 ha *** stratification of whole assemblage of species in vertical plane is referred to as‘storey structure’(=height class distribution),which explains structural *** horizontal plane,it is typically referred to as‘stand structure’(=girth class distribution),which explains structural *** stratification of an individual species in vertical plane is referred to as‘loftiness’and in horizontal plane,it is frequently referred to as‘population structure’.The stand structure was characterized by a negative exponential relationship or a reverse J-shaped curve,which is typical of a well regenerating forest *** storey structure was characterized by the low stature of the rainforest(<30 m),subtle layering in the canopy with dearth of discrete multi-stories,narrower widths of the stories and a thick *** cluster analysis and‘candlestick charts’showed that the dominant species spatially segregated in canopy height to profile three strata,viz.,an understory of juveniles and shrubs below 5 m,a middle-storey of intermediate trees between 5 and 15 m,and an overstory of large trees between 15 and 25 *** trees of a few species may reach up to 30 *** individuals tended to scatter in increasingly wider range of height classes from a lower to the next higher girth class,creating a‘torchlight scatter’pattern,with a tendency to concentrate towards smaller height classes due to stochastic factors,which potentially influence vertical growth proportionate t

关键词： Forest stratification Stand structure Storey structure Loftiness Population structure Northeast India

The bioinformatics of next generation sequencing:a meeting report

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2011年第3期3卷 147-150页

作者： Ravi shankar Studio of Computational Biology&Bioinformatics Institute of Himalayan Bioresource TechnologyCouncil of Scientific&Industrial Research(CSIR)PalampurHimachal PradeshIndia

The Studio of Computational Biology&Bioinformatics(SCBB),IHBT,CSIR,Palampur,India organized one of the very first national workshop funded by DBT,*** India,on the Bioinformatics issues associated with next generation sequencing *** course structure was designed by SCBB,*** workshop took place in the IHBT premise on 17 and 18 June 2010.

关键词： struc India workshop

3D and 2D topographic correction to estimated geothermal gradient from the base of gas hydrate stability zone in the Andaman Forearc Basin

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Energy Geoscience 2024年第2期5卷 314-320页

作者： Uma shankar Department of Geophysics Institute of ScienceBHUVaranasiIndia

Methane gas hydrate related bottom-simulating reflectors(BSRs)are imaged based on the in-line and cross-line multi-channel seismic(MCS)data from the Andaman Forearc *** depth of the BSR depends on pressure and temperature and pore water *** these assumptions,the BSR depth can be used to estimate the geothermal gradient(GTG)based on the availability of in-situ temperature *** calculation is done assuming a 1D conductive model based on available in-situ temperature measurement at site NGHP-01-17 in the study ***,in the presence of seafloor topography,the conductive temperature field in the subsurface is affected by lateral refraction of heat,which focuses heat in topographic lows and away from topographic *** 1D estimate of GTG in the Andaman Forearc Basin has been validated by drilling results from the NGHP-01 expedition.2D analytic modeling to estimate the effects of topography is performed earlier along selected seismic profiles in the study *** study extended to estimate the effect of topography in 3D using a numerical *** corrected GTG data allow us to determine GTG values free of topographic *** difference between the estimated GTG and values corrected for the 3D topographic effect varies up to~5℃/*** conclude that the topographic correction is relatively small compared to other uncertainties in the 1D model and that apparent GTG determined with the 1D model captures the major features,although the correction is needed prior to interpreting subtle features of the derived GTG maps.

关键词： Gas hydrate BSR Geothermal gradient 3D and 2D topographic modeling Andaman Forearc Basin

In-plane and out-of-plane quasi-static compression performance enhancement of 3D printed re-entrant diamond auxetic metamaterial with geometrical tuning and fiber reinforcement

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2023年第7期25卷 1-17页

作者： Niranjan Chikkanna shankar Krishnapillai Velmurugan Ramachandran Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras600036India Department of Aerospace Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras600036India

Auxetic materials are cellular materials with a unique property of negative Poisson’s *** auxeticity and performance of these metamaterials utterly depend on the geometrical parameters and loading *** the first time,the quasi-static uniaxial compression performance of fused filament fabricated re-entrant diamond auxetic metamaterial is evaluated in the x-direction(in-plane)and z-direction(out-of-plane).The most commonly used thermoplastic feedstock,Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene,is considered a material of *** effect of influential geometrical parameters of the re-entrant diamond structure and printing parameter is systematically studied using Taguchi’s design of ***-based multi-objective optimisation technique has been adopted to arrive at the optimal *** are made to improve the stiffness and strength of the structure with fibre *** glass fibre reinforcements have enhanced specific strength and stiffness in both in-plane and out-ofplane directions.A sevenfold and thirteen times increase in specific strength and energy absorption is evident for glass fibre-reinforced structures in out-of-plane directions compared to in-plane *** tuning of geometrical parameters of the re-entrant diamond structure can result in a Poisson’s ratio of up to-3.49 when tested in the *** parametric study has illustrated the tailorability of the structure according to the application *** statistical study has signified each considered parameter’s contribution to the compression performance characteristics of the 3D printed re-entrant diamond auxetic metamaterial.

关键词： Auxeticity Fibre reinforcement Tailorability Anisotropy Geometrical influence Property enhancement

Studies of Surfactant in Photogalvanic Cell for Solar Energy Conversion and Storage

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Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science 2017年第2期7卷 125-136页

作者： shiv Ram Saini shankar Lal Meena Ramesh Chand Meena Department of Chemistry JNVU Jodhpur India

The photogalvanic effect was studied in photogalvanic cell containing orange G as Photosensitizer, sodium lauryl sulphate and EDTA as reducing agent. The photo-outputs with EDTA are higher for Solar Energy Conversion and Storage. The current-voltage relations of the cell have been measured in the dark and light under both forward and reverse direction. The photo potential and photocurrent generated was found to be 960.0 mV and 350.0 μA, respectively. The observed conversion efficiency was 1.52% fill factor and the maximum power of cell was 0.47 μA and 158.9 μW. The storage capacity of the cell was 80.0 minutes in dark. A mechanism was proposed for the generation of photocurrent in photo galvanic cell.

关键词： Orange-G NaLS (Surfactant) Photopotential Photocurrent Conversion Efficiency

Efficacy of diurnal BG-Sentinel traps to capture nocturnal adult Armigeres subalbatus mosquitoes and impact of altitudinal variations in forests

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2019年第11期12卷 512-519页

作者： Devi shankar Suman Zoological Survey of India New AliporeKolkataWest Bengal700053India

Objective:To establish an efficacious and efficient surveillance method of Armigeres(Ar.)subalbatus,a known filarial vector,surviving in forest habitats to estimate realistic population density and assess the impact of altitudinal variations on the efficacy of the ***:In the study,12 locations in areas with an altitudinal range from 82 m to 920 m were selected in three reserve forests for night sampling of adult *** mosquito using standard chemical lure based BG-Sentinel traps and CDC-light traps in *** of locations and time were estimated on the efficacy of traps as mosquito density using multifactor analysis of variance for significant *** of altitudinal variations on the efficacy of traps was assessed using multiple regression with slope ***:BG-Sentinel trap collected significantly more adult ***,4.43 folds in Gorumara NP,5.19 folds in Neora Valley NP and 12.10 folds in Mahananda WLS than the CDC-light trap irrespective to ***-Sentinel traps were tolerant of altitudinal variations(80 m-170 m)and showed no significant relationship between density and altitudes in contrast to CDC-light traps which showed a significant negative impact on capturing efficacy with increase in altitudes(P<0.001).Conclusions:The study suggests that BG-Sentinel traps can be used effectively and efficiently to collect more *** mosquitoes during night time in comparison to CDC-light trap under complex climatic conditions of forest and variable altitudes.

关键词： Mosquitoes Surveillance Adult mosquito traps Altitudinal variations Armigeres subalbatus