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Trans-synaptic degeneration as a mechanism of neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis

Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第12期18卷 2682-2684页

作者： Olwen C.Murphy Peter A.Calabresi shiv saidha Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMDUSA

Multiple sclerosis(MS) is regarded as an immunemediated,demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system,however neuroaxonal degeneration is accepted as the principal substrate of disability accumulation(Dutta and... 详细信息

关键词： degeneration sclerosis myelin

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Emerging Applications of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) in neurological research

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Eye and Vision 2018年第1期5卷 107-117页

作者： Liang Wang Olwen Murphy Natalia Gonzalez Caldito Peter A.Calabresi shiv saidha Department of Biology Johns Hopkins UniversityKrieger School of Arts and SciencesBaltimoreMDUSA Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections Johns Hopkins Hospital600 N.Wolfe St.BaltimoreMD 21287USA

Purpose:To review the clinical and research value of optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)in the field of neurology.Methods:Current literature involving OCTA were reviewed through PubMed using the search terms“optical coherence tomography angiography”,with“multiple sclerosis”,“Alzheimer’s disease”,“optic neuropathy”,or other closely-related terms.Results:OCTA has been applied in research to advance our understanding of the pathobiology of neurological disorders.OCTA-derived blood flow and vessel density measures are altered in multiple sclerosis(MS),Alzheimer’s disease(AD),and various optic neuropathies(ON)in varying regions of the posterior segment vasculature of the eye.These emerging research findings support the occurrence of retinal vascular alterations across a host of neurological disorders and raise the possibility that vasculopathy can be clinically relevant since it contributes to the pathobiology of several neurological disorders.Conclusion:OCTA may be beneficial for neurological research.Additional investigations using OCTA in neurological disorders will help to further validate its clinical and research utilities in terms of characterizing the role of vasculopathy in neurological disorders.

关键词： Optical coherence tomography angiography Neurology Multiple sclerosis Alzheimer’s disease Optic neuropathy

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Microvascular blood flow velocities measured with a retinal function imager: inter-eye correlations in healthy controls and an exploration in multiple sclerosis

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Eye and Vision 2018年第1期5卷 260-268页

作者： Liang Wang Ohemaa Kwakyi James Nguyen Esther Ogbuokiri Olwen Murphy Natalia Gonzalez Caldito Laura Balcer Elliot Frohman Teresa Frohman Peter A.Calabresi shiv saidha Department of Neurology Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA Departments of Neurology Population Health and OphthalmologyNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology University of Texas Austin Dell Medical SchoolAustinTXUSA

Background:The retinal microcirculation has been studied in various diseases including multiple sclerosis(MS).However,inter-eye correlations and potential differences of the retinal blood flow velocity(BFV)remain largely unstudied but may be important in guiding eye selection as well as the design and interpretation of studies assessing or utilizing retinal BFV.The primary aim of this study was to determine inter-eye correlations in BFVs in healthy controls(HCs).Since prior studies raise the possibility of reduced BFV in MS eyes,a secondary aim was to compare retinal BFVs between MS eyes,grouped based on optic neuritis(ON)history and HC eyes.Methods:Macular arteriole and venule BFVs were determined using a retinal function imager(RFI)in both eyes of 20 HCs.One eye from a total of 38 MS patients comprising 13 eyes with ON(MSON)and 25 eyes without ON(MSNON)history were similarly imaged with RFI.Results:OD(right)and OS(left)BFVs were not significantly different in arterioles(OD:3.95±0.59 mm/s;OS:4.08±0.60 mm/s,P=0.10)or venules(OD:3.11±0.46 mm/s;OS:3.23±0.52 mm/s,P=0.06)in HCs.Very strong inter-eye correlations were also found between arteriolar(r=0.84,P<0.001)and venular(r=0.87,P<0.001)BFVs in HCs.Arteriolar(3.48±0.88 mm/s)and venular(2.75±0.53 mm/s)BFVs in MSNON eyes were significantly lower than in HC eyes(P=0.009 and P=0.005,respectively).Similarly,arteriolar(3.59±0.69 mm/s)and venular(2.80±0.45 mm/s)BFVs in MSON eyes were also significantly lower than in HC eyes(P=0.046 and P=0.048,respectively).Arteriolar and venular BFVs in MSON and MSNON eyes did not differ from each other(P=0.42 and P=0.48,respectively).Conclusions:Inter-eye arteriolar and venular BFVs do not differ significantly in HCs and are strongly correlated.Our findings support prior observations that arteriolar and venular BFVs may be reduced in MS eyes.Moreover,this seems to be the case in both MS eyes with and without a history of ON,raising the possibility of global blood flow alterations in MS.Future larger studies are needed to assess differenc

关键词： Inter-eye correlation Blood flow velocity Retinal function imager Neurology Multiple sclerosis Optic neuropathy

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Radiologic anatomy of the round window relevant to cochlear implantation and inner ear drug delivery

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2021年第1期7卷 9-16页

作者： Nguy Peter L. saidha Sheela Jay Ann Kim H.Jeffrey Hoa Michael Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Georgetown University Medical CenterWashington DCUSA Department of Otolaryngology University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA Department of Radiology Georgetown University Medical CenterWashington DCUSA

Objective:To determine anatomic relationships and variation of the round window membrane to bony surgical landmarks on computed tomography.Study design:Retrospective imaging review.Methods:100 temporal bone images were evaluated.Direct measurements were obtained for membrane position.Vector distances and angulation from umbo and bony annulus were calculated from image viewer software coordinates.Results:The angle of round window membrane at junction with cochlear basal turn was(42.1±8.6)°.The membrane’s position relative to plane of the facial nerve through facial recess was(14.7±5.2)°posterior from a reference line drawn through facial recess to carotid canal.Regarding transtympanic drug delivery,the round window membrane was directed 4.1 mm superiorly from the inferior annulus and 5.4 mm anteriorly from the posterior annulus.The round window membrane on average was angled superiorly from the inferior annulus(77.1±27.9)°and slightly anteriorly from the posterior annulus(19.1±11.1°).The mean distance of round window membrane from umbo was 4 mm and posteriorly rotated 30°clockwise from a perpendicular drawn from umbo to inferior annulus towards posterior annulus.Together,these measurements approximate the round window membrane in the tympanic membrane’s posteroinferior quadrant.Conclusions:These radiologic measurements demonstrate normal variations seen in round window anatomy relative to facial recess approach and bony tympanic annulus,providing a baseline to assess round window insertion for cochlear implantation and outlines anatomic factors affecting transtympanic drug delivery.

关键词： Round window Cochlear implantation Transtympanic drug delivery Computed tomography

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