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A New Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics

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Journal of Quantum Information Science 2011年第2期1卷 35-42页

作者： shiro Ishikawa 不详

The Copenhagen interpretation is the most authorized interpretation of quantum mechanics, but there are a number of ideas that are associated with the Copenhagen interpretation. It is ceratin that this fact is not necessarily desirable. Thus, we propose a new interpretation of measurement theory, which is the linguistic aspect (or, the mathematical generalization) of quantum mechanics. Although this interpretation is superficially similar to a part of so-called Copenhagen interpretation, we show that it has a merit to be applicable to both quantum and classical systems. For example, we say that Bell’s inequality is broken even in classical systems.

关键词： the Copenhagen Interpretation Quantum and Classical Measurement Theory the Law of Large Numbers Maximum Likelihood Estimation Kolmogorov Extension Theorem Wavefunction Collapse Bell’s Inequality

Bell’s Inequality Should Be Reconsidered in Quantum Language

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Journal of Quantum Information Science 2017年第4期7卷 140-154页

作者： shiro Ishikawa Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science and Technology Keio University Yokohama Japan

Bell’s inequality itself is usually considered to belong to mathematics and not quantum mechanics. We think that this is making our understanding of Bell’ theory be confused. Thus in this paper, contrary to Bell’s spirit (which inherits Einstein’s spirit), we try to discuss Bell’s inequality in the framework of quantum theory with the linguistic Copenhagen interpretation. And we clarify that the violation of Bell’s inequality (i.e., whether or not Bell’s inequality holds) does not depend on whether classical systems or quantum systems, but depend on whether a combined measurement exists or not. And further we conclude that our argument (based on the linguistic Copenhagen interpretation) should be regarded as a scientific representation of Bell’s philosophical argument (based on Einstein’s spirit).

关键词： Bohr-Einstein Debates Bell’s Inequality Combined Observable Linguistic Copenhagen Interpretation Quantum Language

Pancreatic involvement in chronic viral hepatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第23期11卷 3508-3513页

作者： Yoshiki Katakura Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi Kiyoe Hashizume Chiaki Okuse Noriaki Okuse Kohji Nishikawa Michihiro Suzuki shiro Iino Fumio Itoh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology

AIM: To elucidate the frequency and characteristics of pancreatic disorders in the course of chronic viral hepatitis. METHODS: We prospectively assessed the serum pancreatic enzyme levels and imaging findings in patients with chronic viral hepatitis and healthy control subjects. RESULTS: Serum amylase (t-Amy), salivary amylase (s-Amy), pancreatic amylase (p-Amy) and serum lipase levels were higher in hepatitis patients in comparison to control subjects. However, in asymptomatic viral carriers, only the serum t-Amy levels were higher than those of the controls. The levels of each enzyme rose with the progression of liver disease in patients with hepatitis B or C; whereas the levels of each enzyme within the same clinical stage of the disease did not differ between patients diagnosed with either hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus. Imaging findings demonstrated chronic pancreatitis in only 1 out of 202 patients (0.5%).CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that serum levels of pancreatic enzymes increase with the progression of liver disease in patients diagnosed with viral hepatitis. Pancreatic disease, asymptomatic in most cases, may represent an extrahepatic manifestation of chronic viral hepatitis.

关键词： Hepatitis C Hepatitis B Pancreatic disorder Amylase Lipase

Total pancreatectomy for metachronous mixed acinar-ductal carcinoma in a remnant pancreas

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第33期20卷 11904-11909页

作者： Tatsuya Shonaka Mitsuhiro Inagaki Hiromitsu Akabane Naoyuki Yanagida Hiroki Shomura Nobuyuki Yanagawa Kensuke Oikawa shiro Nakano Division of Surgery Hokkaido PWFAC Asahikawa-Kosei General Hospital Asahikawa 78-8211 Japan Gastroenterology Endoscopic Center Hokkaido PWFAC Asahikawa-Kosei General Hospital Asahi-kawa 78-8211 Japan Department of Pathology Asahikawa Medical University Asahikawa 78-8510 Japan

In October 2009, a 71-year-old female was diagnosed with a cystic tumor in the tail of the pancreas with an irregular dilatation of the main pancreatic duct in the body and tail of the pancreas. A distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy, and partial resection of the duodenum, jejunum and transverse colon was performed. In March 2011, a follow-up computed tomography scan showed a low density mass at the head of the remnant pancreas. We diagnosed it as a recurrence of the tumor and performed a total pancreatectomy for the remnant pancreas. In the histological evaluation of the resected specimen of the distal pancreas, the neoplastic cells formed an acinar and papillary structure that extended into the main pancreatic duct. Mucin5AC, α1-antitrypsin (α-AT) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were detected in the tumor cells by immunohistochemistry. In the resected head of the pancreas, the tumor was composed of both acinar and ductal elements with a mottled pattern. The proportions of each element were approximately 40% and 60%, respectively. Strongly positive α-AT cells were detected in the acinar element. Some tumor cells were also CEA positive. However, the staining for synaptophysin and chromogranin A was negative in the tumor cells. Ultimately, we diagnosed the tumor as a recurrence of mixed acinar-ductal carcinoma in the remnant pancreas. In conclusion, we report here a rare case of repeated pancreatic resection for multicentric lesions of mixed acinar-ductal carcinoma of the pancreas.

关键词： Mixed acinar-ductal carcinoma Pancreatic cancer Acinar carcinoma Total pancreatectomy

Factors associated with non-adherence to scheduled medical follow-up appointments among Cameroonian children requiring HIV care: a case-control analysis of the usual-care group in the MORE CARE trial

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2014年第1期3卷 415-422,414页

作者： Jean Joel R Bigna Jean Jacques N Noubiap Claudia S Plottel Charles Kouanfack Sinata Koulla-shiro Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé1P.O.Box 1364YaoundéCameroon Faculty of Medicine University of Montpellier 1MontpellierFrance Preventing Mother to Child Transmission Unit Goulfey District HospitalGoulfeyCameroon Internal Medicine Unit Edéa Regional HospitalEdéaCameroon Department of Medicine New York University Langone Medical CenterNew YorkUSA Accredited Treatment Centre Yaoundé Central HospitalYaoundéCameroon Infectious Diseases Unit Yaoundé Central HospitalYaoundéCameroon

Background:A better understanding of why HIV-exposed/infected children fail to attend their scheduled follow-up medical appointments for HIV-related care would allow for interventions to enhance the delivery of *** aim of this study was to determine characteristics of the caregiver-child dyad(CCD)associated with children’s non-adherence to scheduled follow-up medical appointments in HIV programs in ***:We conducted a case-control analysis of the usual-care group of CCDs from the MORE CARE trial,in which the effect of mobile phone reminders for HIV-exposed/infected children in attending follow-up appointments was assessed from January to March *** this study,the absence of a child at their appointment was considered a case and the presence of a child at their appointment was defined as a *** used three multivariate binary logistic regression *** best-fit model was the one which had the smallest chi-square value with the Hosmer-Lemeshow test(HLχ^(2)).Magnitudes of associations were expressed by odds ratio(OR),with a p-value<0.05 considered as statistically ***:We included 30 cases and 31 *** best-fit model which considered the sex of the adults and children separately(HLχ^(2)=3.5)showed that missing scheduled medical appointments was associated with:lack of formal education of the caregiver(OR 29.1,95%CI 1.1-777.0;p=0.044),prolonged time to the next appointment/follow-up(OR[1 week increase]1.4,95%CI 1.03-2.0;p=0.032),and being a female child(OR 5.2,95%CI 1.2-23.1;p=0.032).One model(HLχ^(2)=10.5)revealed that woman-boy pairs adhered less to medical appointments compared to woman-girl pairs(OR 4.9,95%CI 1.05-22.9;p=0.044).Another model(HLχ^(2)=11.1)revealed that man-boy pairs were more likely to attend appointments compared to woman-girl pairs(OR 0.23,95%CI 0.06-0.93;p=0.039).There were no statistical associations for the ages of the children or the caregivers,the study sites,or the HIV status(confirmed vs.

关键词： MORE CARE Lost to follow-up(LTFU) Appointment Adherence Children Cameroon HIV AIDS Preventing mother-to-child transmission(PMTCT) Missed scheduled medical appointment

Pancreatic cancer early detection:Expanding higher-risk group with clinical and metabolomics parameters

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第6期21卷 1707-1717页

作者： shiro Urayama Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine University of California Davis

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is the fourth and fifth leading cause of cancer death for each gender in developed *** lack of effective treatment and screening scheme available for the general population,the mortality rate is expected to increase over the next several decades in contrast to the other major malignancies such as lung,breast,prostate and colorectal *** ultrasound,with itshighest level of detection capacity of smaller pancreatic lesions,is the commonly employed and preferred clinical imaging-based PDAC detection *** molecular biomarkers have been investigated for characterization of the disease,but none are shown to be useful or validated for clinical utilization for early *** seen from studies of a small subset of familial or genetically high-risk PDAC groups,the higher yield and utility of imaging-based screening methods are demonstrated for these *** recent studies on the unique cancer metabolism including PDAC,demonstrate the potential for utility of the metabolites as the discriminant markers for this *** order to generate an early PDAC detection screening strategy available for a wider population,we propose to expand the population of higher risk PDAC group with combination clinical and metabolomics parameters.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer Endoscopic ultrasound Metabolomi

Electromechanically reconfigurable plasmonic photodetector with a distinct shift in resonant wavelength

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2023年第2期9卷 219-226页

作者： Masaaki Oshita shiro Saito Tetsuo Kan Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering The University of Electro-Communications1-5-1ChofugaokaChofu-cityTokyo 182-8585Japan IMRA JAPAN CO. LTD2-36Hachiken-choKariyaAichi 448-8650Japan

Plasmonic photodetectors have received increasing attention because their detection properties can be designed by tailoring their metal structures on surfaces without using any additional *** of the plasmonic resonant state in a photodetector is relevant for various applications,including investigating in situ adaptive detection property changes,depending on the situation,and performing single-pixel spectroscopy in geometrically limited ***,the spectral responsivity change with conventional reconfiguration methods is relatively ***,we propose a plasmonic photodetector that reconfigures its spectral responsivity with electromechanical deformation instead of bias *** photodetector consists of a gold plasmonic grating formed on an n-type silicon cantilever,and the spectral responsivity is reconfigured by electromechanically scanning at an incident angle to the grating on the *** photodetector exhibits peak shifts in spectral responsivity in a wavelength range from 1250 to 1310 nm after electromechanical ***,for potential future applications,we demonstrate near-infrared spectroscopy using the *** photodetector has the potential to be adopted as a near-infrared spectrometer in industrial silicon imaging systems because its structure enables subbandgap photodetection on silicon by a Schottky junction.

关键词： tuning reconfigurable resonant

Expression of Angiopoietin-1, 2 and 4 and Tie-1 and 2 in gastrointestinal stromal tumor, leiomyoma and schwannoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第33期13卷 4473-4479页

作者： Toshiyuki Nakayama Maki Inaba Shinji Naito Yumi Mihara shiro Miura Mitsuru Taba Ayumi Yoshizaki Chun-Yang Wen Ichiro Sekine Department of Tumor and Diagnostic Pathology Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences 1-12-4 Sakamoto Nagasaki 852-8523 Japan Division of Pathology Research Laboratory National Ureshino Medical Center Saga 843-0301 Japan Department of Digestive Disease Affiliated hospital of Beihua University Jilin 132011 Jilin Province China

AIM: To investigate the role of angiopoietin (Ang) -1, -2 and -4 and its receptors, Tie-1 and -2, in the growth and differentiation of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs).METHODS: Thirty GISTs, seventeen leiomyomas and six schwannomas were examined by immunohistochemistry in this ***: Ang-1, -2 and -4 proteins were expressed in the cytoplasm of tumor cells, and Tie-1 and -2 were expressed both in the cytoplasm and on the membrane of all tumors. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that 66.7% of GISTs (20 of 30), 76.5% of leiomyomas (13 of 17) and 83.3% of schwannomas (5 of 6) were positive for Ang-1. 83.3% of GISTs (25 of 30), 82.4% of leiomyomas (14 of 17) and 100% of schwannomas (6 of 6) were positive for Ang-2. 36.7% of GISTs (11 of 30), 58.8% of leiomyomas (10 of 17) and 83.3% of schwannomas (5 of 6) were positive for Ang-4. 60.0% of GISTs (18 of 30), 82.4% of leiomyomas and 100% of schwannomas (6 of 6) were positive for Tie-1. 10.0% of GISTs (3 of 30), 94.1% of leiomyomas (16 of 17) and 33.3% of schwannomas (2 of 6) were positive for Tie-2. Tie-2 expression was statistically different between GISTs and leiomyomas (P < 0.001). However, there was no correlation between expression of angiopoietin pathway components and clinical risk ***: Our results suggest that the angiopoietin pathway plays an important role in the differentiation of GISTs, leiomyomas and schwannomas.

关键词： Gastrointestinal stromal tumors Leiomyomas Schwannomas

Quantum Fuzzy Logic and Time

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2021年第11期9卷 2609-2622页

作者： shiro Ishikawa Kohshi Kikuchi Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science and Technology Keio University Yokohama Japan Faculty of Liberal Arts National Institute of Technology Kumamoto College Koshi Kumamoto Japan

Recently we proposed the linguistic Copenhagen interpretation (or, quantum language, measurement theory), which has a great power to describe both classical and quantum systems. Thus we think that quantum language can be viewed as the language of science. Further, we showed that certain logic (called quantum fuzzy logic) works in quantum language. In general, it is said that logic and time do not go well together. Then, the purpose of this paper is to show that quantum fuzzy logic works well with time. That is, quantum fuzzy logic has the advantage of being able to clearly distinguish between implication and causality. In fact, we will show the contraposition of the proposition “If no one is scolded, no one will study” (or the negation of “John is always hungry”) can be written in quantum fuzzy logic. However, “time” in everyday language has various aspects (e.g., tense, subjective time). Therefore, it is not possible to understand all of the “time” of everyday language by the “time” of quantum language.

关键词： Quantum Language Linguistic Copenhagen Interpretation Quantum Fuzzy Logic Time