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In vitro immunotoxicity of untreated and treated urbanwastewaters using various treatment processes to rainbow trout leucocytes

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第7期25卷 1400-1407页

作者： Franois Gagné Marlène Fortier Michel Fournier shirley-anne smyth Emerging Methods Aquatic Contaminants Research Division Water Science and Technology Environment Canada105 McGill Street Montral Qubec Canada INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier 531 boul.des Prairies Laval Qubec Canada Effluents and Wastewaters Aquatic Contaminants Research Division Water Science and Technology Environment Canada867 Lakeshore Road BurlingtonOntario Canada

Municipal effluents are known to impede the immune system of aquatic organisms. The purpose of this studywas to examine the immunotoxicity of urbanwastewaters before and after 6 treatment processes from 12 cities toward trout leucocytes. Freshly prepared trout leucocyteswere exposed to increasing concentrations of solid phase （C18） extracts ofwastewaters for24 hr at 15°C. Immunocompetencewasdetermined by following changes in leucocyte viability and the proportion of cells able to ingest at least one （immunoactivity） and at least three （immunoefficiency） fluorescent beads. The influentswere treated by sixdifferent treatment strategies consisting of facultative aerated lagoons, activated sludge, biological aerated filter, biological nutrient removal, chemically-assisted physical treatment and trickling filter/solid contact. Water quality parameters of thewastewaters revealed that the plants effectively removed total suspended solids and reduced the chemical oxygendemand. The results revealed that the effluents＇ immunotoxic propertieswere generally more influenced by the properties of the untreatedwastewaters than by the treatment processes. About half of the incoming influentsdecreased leucocyte viabilitywhile4 treatment plantswere able to reduce toxicity. The influents readily increased phagocytosis activity for 8/12 influentswhile itwasdecreased in4/12 influents. This increasewas abolished for4/12 of the effluents using treatments involving biological and oxidative processes. In conclusion, municipal effluents have the potential to alter the immune system in fish and more researchwill be needed to improve the treatments ofwastewaters to better protect the quality of the aquatic environment.

关键词： municipal effluents fish leucocytes viability phagocytosis

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Using Delphi and fuzzy DEMATEL for analyzing the intertwined relationships of the barriers of university technology transfer: Evidence from a developing economy

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International Journal of Innovation Studies 2020年第3期4卷 85-104页

作者： Renissa S.Quinones June anne A.Caladcad Celbert M.Himang Hubert G.Quinones Charena J.Castro shirley Ann A.Caballes Dharyll Prince M.Abellana Eula Margareth Y.Jabilles Lanndon A.Ocampo Technology Research Center Cebu Technological UniversityCorner M.J.Cuenco Ave.&R.Palma St.Cebu City6000Philippines Graduate School Cebu Technological UniversityCorner M.J.Cuenco Ave.&R.Palma St.Cebu City6000Philippines Department of Industrial Engineering Cebu Technological UniversityCorner M.J.Cuenco Ave.&R.Palma St.Cebu City6000Philippines

Universities are highly responsible for knowledge creation and technology ***,university technology transfer(UTT)is considered a challenge in bringing innovative technologies for commercialization and community ***,identifying the barriers and their complex interrelationships that hinder the successful implementation of UTT provides a better understanding of the process,which may be considered as inputs to crucial decision-making *** this approach is highly relevant in the domain field,it remains a point of departure in the current *** paper addresses this gap by holistically determining the UTT barriers and their intertwined *** the Delphi method and the fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory(DEMATEL)to carry out this objective,a case study in a state university in the Philippines is presented in this *** show that lack of resources has the strongest causal relationship among the 24 UTT ***,poor marketing/technical/negotiation skills of technology transfer office obtained the highest impacts received and is categorized as the main net *** findings are intended to guide various stakeholders in understanding the influence of barriers in the formulation of strategies and initiatives to carry out effectively the UTT process.

关键词： University technology transfer Barriers Causal relationships Delphi DEMATEL Fuzzy set theory

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Mortality and Its Risk Factors in Patients with Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder

Mortality and Its Risk Factors in Patients with Rapid Eye Mo...

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中国睡眠研究会第十届全国学术年会

作者： Junying Zhou Jihui Zhang Siu Ping Lam Vincent Mok anne Chan shirley Xin Li Yaping Liu Xiangdong Tang Wing Ho Yung Yun Kwok Wing Department of Psychiatry The Chinese University of Hong Kong Sleep Medicine Center West China HospitalSichuan University Department of Medicine and Therapeutics Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Psychology The University of Hong Kong School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong Kong

Study Objectives: To determine the mortality and its risk factors in patients with rapid eye movement（REM） sleep behavior disorder（RBD）.Methods: A total of 205 consecutive patients with video-polysomnography confirmed RBD（mean age = 66.4 ± 10.0 y,78.5% males） were *** records and death status were systematically reviewed in the computerized records of the health care *** mortality ratio（SMR） was used to calculate the risk ratio of mortality in RBD with reference to the general ***: Forty-three patients（21.0%） died over a mean follow-up period of 7.1 ± 4.5 *** SMR was not increased in the overall sample（SMR（95% confidence interval[CI]） = 1.00（0.73-1.33））.However,SMR（95% CI） increased to 1.80（1.21-2.58） and1.75（1.11-2.63） for RBD patients in whom neurodegenerative diseases and dementia,respectively,eventually *** the Cox regression model,mortality risk was significantly associated with age（hazard ratio [HR] = 1.05;95% CI,1.01-1.10）,living alone（HR = 2.04;95% CI,1.39-2.99）,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（HR =3.38;95% CI,1.21-9.46）,cancer（HR = 10.09;95% CI,2.65-38.42）,periodic limb movements during sleep（HR = 3.06;95% CI,1.50-6.24）,and development of neurodegenerative diseases（HR = 2.84;95% CI,1.47-5.45） and dementia（HR = 2.66;95% CI,1.39-5.08）.Conclusions: Patients with RBD have a higher mortality rate than the general population only if neurodegenerative diseases *** risk factors on clinical and sleep aspects are associated with mortality in RBD *** findings underscore the necessity of timely neuroprotective interventions in the early phase of RBD before the development of neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： mortality neurodegenerative disease REM sleep behavior disorder SMR

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Excessive Daytime Sleepiness Predicts Neurodegeneration in Idiopathic REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

Excessive Daytime Sleepiness Predicts Neurodegeneration in I...

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中国睡眠研究会第十届全国学术年会

作者： Junying Zhou Jihui Zhang Siu Ping Lam Joey WY Chan Vincent Mok anne Chan shirley Xin Li Yaping Liu Xiangdong Tang Wing Ho Yung Yun Kwok Wing Department of Psychiatry Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Sleep Medicine Center West China HospitalSichuan University Department of Medicine and Therapeutics Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Sleep Research Clinic and Laboratory Department of PsychologyThe University of Hong Kong The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences The University of Hong Kong School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong Kong

Study Objectives: To determine the association of excessive daytime sleepiness（EDS） with the conversion of neurodegenerative diseases in patients with idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder（iRBD）.Methods: A total of 179 patients with iRBD（79.1% males,mean age = 66.3 ± 9.8 years） were consecutively ***-five patients with Epworth Sleepiness Scale score ≥14 were defined as having ***,clinical,and polysomnographic data were compared between iRBD patients with and without *** risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases was examined using Cox proportional hazards ***: After a mean follow-up of 5.8 years（SD = 4.3 years）,50（27.9%） patients developed neurodegenerative *** was a significantly higher proportion of conversion in patients with EDS compared to those without EDS（42.2 % vs.23.1%,p =.01）.EDS significantly predicted an increased risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases（adjusted hazard ratios [HR] = 2.56,95% confidence interval [CI] 1.37 to 4.77） after adjusting for age,sex,body mass index,current depression,obstructive sleep apnea,and periodic limb movements during *** analyses demonstrated that EDS predicted the conversion of Parkinson’s disease（PD）（adjusted HR = 3.55,95% CI 1.59 to 7.89） but not dementia（adjusted HR = 1.48,95% CI 0.44 to 4.97）.Conclusions: EDS is associated with an increased risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases,especially PD,in patients with *** findings suggest that EDS is a potential clinical biomarker of α-synucleinopathies in iRBD.

关键词： REM sleep behavior disorder excessive daytime sleepiness neurodegenerative disease Parkinson’s disease dementia

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An Evaluation of Crown Structure and Site Index to Determine Crown Closure in Eucalyptus urophylla × E. grandis Stands in Guangxi,China

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Agricultural Science & Technology 2014年第6期15卷 1005-1011页

作者：陶玉华 Roger WILLIAMS Carol BROWN 曹书阁 Rachael CRANE Raymond DUVAL Dani FLOWERS Jonathan FRANKO Rachel HEFFLINGER Jonathan JOO anne MAURO Crista RIEDY Margaret smyth Shawn STONE 谭丽凤广西生态工程职业技术学院广西柳州545004 美国俄亥俄州立大学环境和自然资源学院美国哥伦布43210

Eucalyptus forests are grown in many parts of the world for their commercial value and use in construction projects. Density management becomes im- portant as a means to attain the management goals in these forests. Changes in canopy and tree crown structure were quantified for Eucalyptus urophylla x E. grandis forests at different ages to determine when canopy closure occurs and the onset of competition begins. Site index was developed for these forests to determine whether site quality affects the canopy structure. Site index had little effect in the forests sampled, with the forest canopy on the better sites becoming slightly more elongated. Based upon crown projection ratio and crown diameter： dbh （diameter at breast height） ratio, it appears that crown closure occurs by age 4 years in these forests. The age at which this occurs was also checked and verified with the evaluation of relative spacing, RS （the ratio of the mean distance between trees to the average dominant height of the stand）. The RS value displayed a rapid decline until age 4 years, and then became relatively flat through age 21 years. The rapid height growth during the first 3 years with no change in density accounted for this rapid decrease. By age 4 years, reductions in the number of trees due to mortality began to have more of an influence on this value, resulting in a more gradual de- cline. The implications for management are discussed.

关键词： Site index Crown structure Forest canopy Relative spacing Crownclosure

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