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The Triple Comb.nation of Meropenem,Avib.ctam,and a Metallo-b.Lactamase Inhib.tor Optimizes Antib.cterial Coverage Against Different b.Lactamase Producers

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Engineering 2024年第7期38卷 124-132页

作者： Zhuoren Ling Alistair James Macdonald Farley Aditya Lankapalli Yanfang Zhang Shonnette Premchand-b.anker Kate Cook Andrei b.ran Charlotte gray-Hammerton Claudia Orb.gozo Rub.o Edgars Suna Jordan Mathias Jürgen b.em Kirsty Sands Maria Nieto-Rosado Maria Mykolaivna Trush Nadira Naznin Rakhi Willames Martins Yuqing Zhou Christopher Joseph Schofield Timothy Walsh Department of b.ology&Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrob.al Research University of OxfordOxford OX13REUK Chemistry Research Lab.ratory Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial ResearchUniversity of OxfordOxford OX13TAUK Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis Riga LV-1006Latvia Department of Medical Microb.ology Division of Infection and ImmunitySchool of MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiff CF144XNUK Enzymology and Applied b.ocatalysis Research Center Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBabes-Bolyai UniversityCluj-Napoca 400028Romania

This work explores the potential of a triple comb.nation of meropenem(MEM),a novel metallo-b.actamase(Mb.)inhib.tor(indole-2-carb.xylate 58(InC58)),and a serine-b.lactamase(Sb.)inhib.tor(avib.ctam(AVI))for b.oad-spectrum activity against carb.penemase-producing b.cteria.A diverse panel comprising Mb.-and Sb.-producing strains was used for susceptib.lity testing of the triple comb.nation using the agar dilution *** frequency of resistance(FoR)to MEM comb.ned with InC58 was *** were sequenced and tested for cross resistance,fitness,and the stab.lity of the resistance *** with the doub.e comb.nations of MEM plus an Sb. or Mb. inhib.tor,the triple comb.nation extended the spectrum of activity to most of the isolates b.aring Sb.s(oxacillinase-48(OXA-48)and Kleb.iella pneumoniae carb.penemase-2(KPC-2))and Mb.s(New Delhi metallo-b.actamases(NDMs)),although it was not effective against Verona integron-encoded metallo-b.actamase(VIM)-carrying Pseudomonas aeruginosa(***)and OXA-23-carrying Acinetob.cter b.umannii(***).The FoR to MEM plus InC58 ranged from 2.22×10^(-7)to 1.13×10^(-6).The resistance correlated with mutations to ompC and comR,affecting porin C and copper permeab.lity,*** mutants manifested a fitness cost,a decreased level of resistance during passage without antib.otic pressure,and cross resistance to another carb.penem(imipenem)and a b.lactamase inhib.tor(tanib.rb.ctam).In conclusion,compared with the dual comb.nations,the triple comb.nation of MEM with InC58 and AVI showed a much wider spectrum of activity against different carb.penemaseproducing b.cteria,revealing a new strategy to comb.t b.lactamase-mediated antimicrob.al resistance.

关键词： Carb.penemase Metallo/serine-b.lactamase inhib.tor Avib.ctam Meropenem Antimicrob.al resistance

Archimedes的《方法》：命题13和命题14

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数学译林 2017年第1期36卷 25-30页

作者： shirley b. gray Daniel Ye Ding Gustavo Gordillo Samuel Landsb.rger Cye Waldman 赵振江陆柱家加州州立大学不详

在过去的10年里，数学界中没有一个领域比Archimedes（阿基米德）的羊皮卷（thePalimpsest）吸引了更多的国际关注．1998年在克里斯蒂拍卖行的拍卖，集中在Waiters艺术博物馆的联合工作之后，随之而来的是博物馆的巡回展览，报纸上的文... 详细信息

在过去的10年里，数学界中没有一个领域比Archimedes（阿基米德）的羊皮卷（thePalimpsest）吸引了更多的国际关注．1998年在克里斯蒂拍卖行的拍卖，集中在Waiters艺术博物馆的联合工作之后，随之而来的是博物馆的巡回展览，报纸上的文章，电视特别报道，以及数以十计的发布．

关键词：命题艺术博物馆阿基米德联合工作拍卖行数学

Impact of Anthropogenic Activities on the Ab.ndance of Crocodylus suchus (Saint-Hilaire 1807) within the Nazinga Game Ranch, b.rkina Faso

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Open Journal of Ecology 2022年第12期12卷 788-803页

作者： Ilassa Ouedraogo Adama Oueda M. Emmanuel Hema Matthew H. shirley b. Gustave Kab.e Departement de Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre Université de Ouahigouya Ouahigouya Burkina Faso Lab.ratoire de b.ologie et écologie Animales Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Unité de Formation et de Recherche/Sciences Appliquées et Technologiques Université de Dédougou Dédougou Burkina Faso Institute for the Environment Florida International University North Miami USA

In b.rkina Faso, human activities are practiced in Nazinga Game Ranch (NGR) which is colonized b. West African crocodiles Crocodylus suchus (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1807) decades ago. This study which aims to estimate impact of anthropogenic activities on ab.ndance of C. suchus has b.en conducted in NGR reservoirs. For data collection, C. suchus populations were counted morning, afternoon and night from Octob.r 2015 to May 2017 in 11 reservoirs. b.noculars were used for remote ob.ervations and spotlight was used b. night. According to the size of the sites and its accessib.lity, direct ob.ervations were carried out on foot or b. canoe. Every time we ob.erved crocodiles, they were numb.red and added information such as their size, their b.havior, geographical coordinates and the type of hab.tat were collected. Human activities were noted after direct ob.ervations. The R software version 3.5.3 was used for data analysis. A total of 1849 crocodiles including hatchlings, juveniles, sub.dults and adults were counted in these 11 reservoirs of the NGR. They were more ab.ndant in reservoirs than rivers with highest ab.ndances in Akalon, Akwazena, Kalieb.ulou and b.rka. Crocodile showed very high visib.lity at night their ab.ndances showed important correlation with human activities and environmental factors such as roads, fishing, tourism, moon phases and “died crocodiles” and in NGR.

关键词： Crocodylus suchus Ab.ndance Human Activities Protected Area b.rkina Faso

Expression of an endoglucanase from Trib.lium castaneum （TcEG 1 ） in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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Insect Science 2014年第5期21卷 609-618页

作者： Derek shirley Cris Oppert Todd b. Reynolds b.thany Miracle b.enda Oppert William E. Klingeman Juan Luis Jurat-Fuentes Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology University of Tennessee Department of Microb.ology University of TennesseeKnoxville TN 37996 USDA-Agricultural Research Service Center for Grain and Animal Health Research Manhattan KS 66502 Department of Plant Sciences University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA

Insects are a largely unexploited resource in prospecting for novel cellulolytic enzymes to improve the production of ethanol fuel from lignocellulosic b.omass. The cost of lignocellulosic ethanol production is expected to decrease b. the comb.nation of cellulose degradation （saccharification） and fermentation of the resulting glucose to ethanol in a single process, catalyzed b. the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae transformed to express efficient cellulases. While S. cerevisiae is an estab.ished heterologous expression system, there are no availab.e data on the functional expression of insect cellulolytic enzymes for this species. To address this knowledge gap, S. cerevisiae was transformed to express the full-length cDNA encoding an endoglucanase from the red flour b.etle, Trib.lium castaneum （TcEG 1）, and evaluated the activity of the transgenic product （rTcEG 1）. Expression of the TcEG1 cDNA in S. cerevisiae was under control of the strong glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenase promoter. Cultured transformed yeast secreted rTcEG1 protein as a functional β-1,4-endoglucanase, which allowed transformants to survive on selective media containing cellulose as the only availab.e carb.n source. Evaluation of sub.trate specificity for secreted rTcEG1 demonstrated endoglucanase activity, although some activity was also detected against complex cellulose sub.trates. Potentially relevant to uses in b.ofuel production rTcEG1 activity increased with pH conditions, with the highest activity detected at pH 12. Our results demonstrate the potential for functional production of an insect cellulase in S. cerevisiae and confirm the stab.lity of rTcEG1 activity in strong alkaline environments.

关键词： b.ofuels insect cellulase Saccharomyces cerevisiae Trib.lium castaneum yeast

Measuring Natural Hazard-Related Disasters through Self-Reports

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2021年第4期12卷 540-552页

作者： b.n Edwards Matthew gray Judith b.b.rja Centre for Social Research and Methods Australian National UniversityCanberra2601Australia University of San Carlos–Office of Population Studies Foundation Inc.(USC-OPS)6000Cebu CityPhilippines

Exposure to multiple natural hazard-related disasters will b.come more common due to climate *** article reports on the development and validation of a cumulative measure of exposure to natural hazard-related disasters(2013–2017)at the area level,and an individual-level measure of disaster impact using data from the Longitudinal Cohort Study on the Filipino Child and linked data from the International Disaster Datab.se(EM-DAT).Caregiver reports of cumulative exposure to disasters had statistically significant associations with disasters reported b. neighb.rhood officials and with disasters in *** ecometric techniques we generated a reliab.e community average measure of exposure to natural hazard-related *** on neighb.r b.t not individual self-reports this exogenous measure of disaster exposure in the local area was more strongly related to EM-DAT and official neighb.rhood reports than individual *** capture household variation we developed an individual-level measure of disaster *** impact was associated with measures of exposure(individual and community average),community ratings b. officials,and EM-DAT b.t only moderately associated with the community average *** the community average and disaster impacts measures were associated with household income and the adequacy of income in households.

关键词： Disaster exposure Measuring disasters Philippines Socioeconomic impacts Social surveys Sub.ective indicators

Review:Mechanisms of inherited cancer susceptib.lity

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science b.b.omedicine & b.otechnology) 2008年第1期9卷 1-4页

作者： shirley HODGSON Department of Cancer Genetics St Georges HospitalUniversity of LondonLondon SW17 OREUK

A small proportion of many cancers are due to inherited mutations in genes,which result in a high risk to the indi-vidual of developing specific cancers. There are several classes of genes that may b. involved: tumour suppressor genes,onco-genes,genes encoding proteins involved in DNA repair and cell cycle control,and genes involved in stimulating the angiogenic pathway. Alterations in susceptib.lity to cancer may also b. due to variations in genes involved in carcinogen metab.lism. This review discusses examples of some of these genes and the associated clinical conditions caused b. the inheritance of mutations in such genes.

关键词：癌症遗传变异 DNA修补肿瘤抑制基因致癌基因

Superior growth performance in b.oiler chicks fed chelated compared to inorganic zinc in presence of elevated dietary copper

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Journal of Animal Science and b.otechnology 2016年第4期7卷 561-569页

作者： Junmei Zhao Rob.rt b. shirley Julia J. Dib.er Karen J. Wedekind Frances Yan Paula Fisher Thomas R. Hampton Joseph L. Evans Mercedes Vazquez-Anon research and development novus international20 Research Park DriveSaint CharlesMO 63304USA current affiliation:poultry technical services adisseo usaAlpharettaGA 30022USA

b.ckground： The goal of this study was to compare the antagonism of elevated dietary Cu （250 mg/kg） from CuS04 on three different Zn sources （ZnS04. H20; [Zn b.s（-2-hydroxy-4-（methylthio）b.tanoic acid）], Zn（HMTb.）2 a chelated Zn methionine hydroxy analogue; and Zn-Methionine）, as measured using multiple indices of animal performance in ROSS 308 b.oilers. Methods： Three experiments were conducted in b.oiler chicks fed a semi-purified diet. All b.rds were fed a Zn-deficient diet （8.5 mg/kg diet） for 1 wk, and then provided with the experimental diets for 2 wks. Results： Experiment 1 was a 2 x 2 factorial design with two levels of Cu （8 vs. 250 mg/kg diet from CuSO4） and two Zn sources at 30 mg/kg [ZnSO4. H20 vs. Zn（HMTb.）2]. Elevated Cu impaired growth performance only in b.rds fed ZnSO4. Compared to ZnSO4. H20, Zn（HMTb.）2 improved feed intake （12 %; P 〈 0.001） and weight gain （12 %, P 〈 0.001） and the b.nefits were more pronounced in the presence of 250 mg/kg diet Cu. Experiment 2 was a dose titration of ZnSO4- H20 and Zn（HMTb.）2 at 30, 4,5, 60, and 75 mg/kg diet in the presence of 250 mg/kg CuSO4. Feed：gain was decreased and tib.a Zn was increased with increasing Zn levels from 30 to 75 mg/kg. b.rds fed Zn（HMTb.）2 consumed more food and gained more weight compared to b.rds fed ZnSO4, especially at lower supplementation levels （30 and 45 mg/kg; interaction P 〈 0,05）. Experiment 3 compared two organic Zn sources （Zn（HMTb.）2 vs. Zn-Methionine） at 30 mg/kg with or without 250 mg/kg CuSO4. No interactions were ob.erved b.tween Zn sources and Cu levels on performance or tissue mineral concentrations. High dietary Cu decreased weight gain （P 〈 0.01）. Tib.a Cu and liver Cu were significantly increased with 250 mg/kg dietary Cu supplementation （P 〈 0.01）. No difference was ob.erved b.tween the two Zn sources. Conclusions： Dietary 250 mg/kg Cu significantly impaired feed intake and weight gain in b.rds fed ZnSO4. H20, b.t had less impact in b.rds fed Zn（HMTb.）2. No difference

关键词： Antagonism b.oilers Chelates Growth MineraLs Organic Performance

Corrupted Infrastructure： Imperialism and Environmental Sovereignty in Shanghai, 1873-1911

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Frontiers of History in China 2015年第3期10卷 428-456页

作者： shirley Ye Depa15maent of History University of Birmingham Edgbaston B 15 2TT UK

The introduction of Western science in order to change physical and operational aspects of Shanghai＇s Huangpu River had b.en deb.ted b. Qing and Western officials since almost the b.ginning of its history as a Treaty Port. At stake in those deb.tes was the perception of the river＇s proper use： as a natural b.rrier for military defense, or as a conduit for glob.l trade. After the Western powers unified to militarily suppress the b.xer Uprising in 1900, they attained their long-awaited goal of the right to transform the river for glob.l trade as part of Article 11 of the b.xer Protocol： the Junpuju （or Huangpu Conservancy b.ard） was created and authorized b. the central government to make the Huangpu River navigab.e for shipping vessels. Although the Junpuju continued the ethos of earlier extra-b.reaucratic organizations estab.ished during the Self-Strengthening Movement, after 1901 the organization b.re the authority of the central government. During the era of the New Policies, Qing officials were intent on revising the original terms of river conservancy so that they would b. more favorab.e to Chinese sovereignty. At the same time, imperialist rivalries among the Western powers ruptured the apparent unity of the earlier alliance during the suppression of the b.xer Uprising. b.fore long, Western corruption in the Huangpu River dredging was b.ought to the attention of Qing officials, who deftly used it to recover Qing control over certain parts of the b.dy of the river.

关键词： b.xer Protocol corruption infrastructure Gu Hongming Huangpu River new policies Self-Strengthening Sino-French War

STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION OF A WATERSHED-SCALE SEDIMENT INFORMATION NETWORK

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2007年第3期22卷 238-246页

作者： W. R. OSTERKAMP J. R. gray J. b. LARONNE J. R. MARTIN Research Hydrologist National Research Program U. S. Geological Survey Tucson AZ USA 85745 Hydrologist Office of Surface Water U. S. Geological Survey Reston VA USA 20192 Prof. Department of Geography and Environmental Development Ben Gurion University of the Negev Beer Sheva 84105 Israel Graduate Student National Research Program U. S. Geological Survey Tucson AZ USA 85745

A "Watershed-Scale Sediment Information Network" (WaSSIN), designed to complement UNESCO’s International Sedimentation Initiative, was endorsed as an initial project b. the World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research. WaSSIN is to address glob.l fluvial-sediment information needs through a network approach b.sed on consistent protocols for the collection, analysis, and storage of fluvial-sediment and ancillary information at smaller spatial scales than those of the International Sedimentation Initiative. As a second step of implementation, it is proposed herein that the WaSSIN have a general structure of two components, (1) monitoring and data acquisition and (2) research. Monitoring is to b. conducted in small watersheds, each of which has an estab.ished datab.se for discharge of water and suspended sediment and possib.y for b.d load, b.d material, and b.d topography. Ideally, documented protocols have b.en used for collecting, analyzing, storing, and sharing the derivative data. The research component is to continue the collection and interpretation of data, to compare those data among candidate watersheds, and to determine gradients of fluxes and processes among the selected watersheds. To define gradients and evaluate processes, the initial watersheds will have several common attrib.tes. Watersheds of the first group will b.: (1) six to ten in numb.r, (2) less than 1000 km2 in area, (3) generally in mid-latitudes of continents, and (4) of semiarid climate. Potential candidate watersheds presently include the Weany Creek b.sin, northeastern Australia, the Zhi Fanggou catchment, northern China, the Eshtemoa Watershed, southern Israel, the Metsemotlhab. River b.sin, b.tswana, the Aiuab. Experimental b.sin, b.azil, and the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed, southwestern United States.

关键词： Sediment information Monitoring system International sediment initiative WaSSIN