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Deposition of atmospheric pollutant and their chemical characterization in snow pit profile at Dokriani Glacier,Central Himalaya

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Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第10期15卷 2236-2246页

作者： shipika sundriyal Tanuj SHUKLA Lekhendra TRIPATHEE Dwarika Prashad DOBHAL Sameer Kumar TIWARI Uday BHAN Centre for Glaciology Wadia Institute of Himalayan GeologyDehradun-248001UtturakhandIndia National Institute of Hydrology Roorkee-247667UttarakhandIndia Indian Institute oj:Technology Kanpur-208016Uttar PradeshIndia State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000China Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology Dehradun-248001UttarakhandIndia University of Petroleum and Energy Studies BidholiDehradun-248001UttarakhandIndia

The uncertainty in assessing the numerous atmospheric pollutants transported via wind from arid and semi-arid regions is affecting the glacial ecosystem. In our study area due to the complexity of the system, a prominent seasonal difference noticed among major ions(Ca^(2+), Mg^(2+), SO_4^(2-), and NO_3^-). There is a need for understanding the ions cycling as a whole and the directionality of the feedback loops in the system. Therefore, we provide an appraisal of our current hypothesis for seasonal difference in major ion concentration from snow samples for two corresponding years(2013 and 2015) at Dokriani Glacier. A systematic study of chemical compositionsin the shallow snow pit from Dokriani Glacier was undertaken for the pre-monsoon season to understand the cycling of major ions from atmosphere to solute acquisition process. The intimating connections of ions cycling in snow and its temporal behavior was observed and analyzed through various statistical tests. Among major ions, the SO_4^(2-)has the highest concentration among anions on an average considered as 14.21% in 2013 and 29.46% in 2015. On the other side Ca^(2+) is the dominant cation contributing 28.22% in 2013 and 15.3% in 2015 on average. The average ratio of Na+/Cl-was higher in 2013 whereas lower in 2015. The backward trajectory analysis suggests the possible sources of the ions transported from Central Asia through the Western Disturbance(WD) as a prominent source of winter precipitation mainly in the Central Himalaya. Ionicconcentration of Ca^(2+) in cations was highly dominated while in anion SO_4^(2-)played the major role. Factor analysis and correlation matrix suggested that, the precipitation chemistry is mostly influenced by anthropogenic, crustal, and sea salt sources over the studied region. The elemental cycling through ocean, atmosphere and biosphere opens up new ways to understand the geochemical processes operating at the glacierized catchments of the Himalaya. Moreover, increasing the

关键词： Western disturbance Central Himalaya Factor analysis Correlation analysis Snow Stratigraphy Atmospheric pollutants

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Hydrometeorological assessments and suspended sediment delivery from a central Himalayan glacier in the upper Ganga basin

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2018年第4期33卷 493-509页

作者： Amit Kumar Akshaya Verma Anupam Anand Gokhale Rakesh Bhambri Anshuman Misra shipika sundriyal Dwarika Prasad Dobhal Naval Kishore Centre for Glaciology Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology Centre of Advanced Study in Geology Department of Geology Panjab University

Integrated hydrometeorological investigations are not frequently available at a regional scale over a longer time period, especially near the terminus of Indian Himalayan glaciers. An integrated approach to the collection of hydrological data has major advantages for understanding the runoff generation mechanisms at basin scale, particularly when coupled with meteorological observations. The current study involves time series analysis of hydrometeorological records collected near the terminus of the Chorabari Glacier, for four consecutive ablation seasons(June-Sept.) 2009-2012. The analysis shows that variation in rainfall was higher(c= 0.9) at the same elevation over proximal sites, while the intensity of extreme rainfall events was 121-160 mm/d. The diurnal temperature range(DTR) has a tendency to reduce over the ablation season because of the onset of the Indian Summer Monsoon(ISM) and then further increases during the ISM withdrawal indicating humid-temperate conditions. The peak discharge(Qpeak) was found to be higher during July and August. Snow and glacier melt contributed 76% of the total suspended sediment transport during peak ISM months(July and August) reflecting seasonal evolution of the hydrologic conduits. The results indicate that Karakoram and western Himalayan glaciers produce comparatively low sediment yield compared to central Himalayan glaciers. The hydrological variations are depicted through flow duration curves(FDC) for meltwater discharge and sediment load. The flow corresponding to Q, Q, and Q(where Qx is the discharge that is exceeded x percent of the time referred to as % dependability) are 4.2, 3.7, and 2.8 m~3/s; and the corresponding dependability for suspended sediment loads(SSLs) are 409.0, 266.0, and 157.2 t/d, respectively. The daily SSL and discharge(Q) from 2009 to 2012 were used to develop a sediment rating curve(SSL = 39.55 × Q. R~2 = 0.8).Multiple regressions are used to determine the impacts of meteorological parameters on gl

关键词： High elevation meteorology Suspended sediment transport Flow duration curves Multivariate regression Indian summer monsoon

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