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The effect of past and present lifestyle, nutrition habits, and gender on bone mineral density

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Health 2010年第7期2卷 713-721页

作者： Masakatsu Nakada shinichi demura 不详

This study aimed to examine the gender and age differences of the quantitative osteo-sono assessment index (OSI) and the effects of the past and present lifestyle and nutrition habits on OSI in adult males and females from 20 to 70 years of age. The subjects were 155 males (20- 79 years) and 399 females (20-78 years). The bone mass was estimated by the right-calcaneal OSI using an ultrasonic transmission method with an AOS-100 device (ALOKA). The frequency of tests for OSI in women tended to increase rapidly in the 50-70 age group requiring close examination or guidance. In 50-70 year- old females, the proportion of dairy products and vitamin D intake in the past (junior high school and high school days) was significantly lower in the group requiring close examination or guidance (OSI <2.428) than in the normal group (OSI ≧ 2.428). That is, there was insufficient calcium intake (through dairy products) and vitamin D intake, which is instrumental in calcium absorption, (through fish, chicken eggs, and fungi) during puberty, when bone mass increases with skeletal growth. In conclusion, the number in the group requiring close examination or guidance was high for 50-70 year-old males and females. The OSI decreases rapidly in females after their 50s and the number in the group requiring close examination or guidance increased rapidly.

关键词： Lifestyle Habit Nutrition Habit Ultrasound Osteo-Sono Assessment Index Gender

Effect of past and present lifestyle habits and nutrition on calcaneal quantitative osteo-sono index in pre- and post-menopausal females

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Health 2010年第2期2卷 124-130页

作者： Masakatsu Nakada shinichi demura National Defense Academy Graduate school of Natural Science & Technology Kanazawa University

This study is examined the effect of past and present lifestyle habits and nutrition on the os-teo-sono assessment index (OSI) in pre- and post-menopausal females. The subjects were 200 premenopausal females (38.8±10.3years) and 156 postmenopausal females (59.2±5.9 ye- ars). BMD (Body mineral density) was estimated by right-calcaneal OSI using an ultrasonic transmission method with an AOS-100 device (ALOKA). The number of postmenopau- sal fe-males in the close examination and guidance required groups (80 cases: 51.3 %) (OSI < 2.428) was significantly higher than that of premeno-pausal females (44 cases: 22.0 %) (χ2=33.105: P<0.000). In premenopausal females, the proportion of subjects that had not taken vitamin D in the past (in junior high school and high school) was significantly higher in the close examination- guidance required group (OSI < 2.428) than in the normal group (OSI ≧ 2.428). However, in postmenopausal females, there was no signifi-cant difference in past and present lifestyle habits and nutrition between the close exami-nation-guidance required group and the normal group. In premenopausal females, it was deter-mined that the intake of vitamin D during pu-berty increased the absorption of calcium sig-nificantly.

关键词： Lifestyle and Nutrition Habits Osteo-Sono Assessment Index Pre and Postmenopausal Females

Effects of Mild and Severe Knee Joint Pain on the Frequency of Falls and Fall Risk in Elderly Females

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Pain Studies and Treatment 2014年第4期2卷 128-135页

作者： Hiroki Sugiura shinichi demura Department of Industrial Business and Engineering Fukui University of Technology Fukui Japan Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Kanazawa University Ishikawa Japan

This study aimed to examine differences in the frequency of falls during the past year and fall risk among 392 elderly females was categorized into five groups on the basis of the knee pain expe-rienced: no knee pain, mild unilateral knee pain, mild bilateral knee pain, severe unilateral knee pain, and severe bilateral knee pain. The subjects participated in a fall risk survey comprising 50 items representing five risk factors: “symptoms of falling”, “disease and physical symptoms”, “en-vironment”, “behavior and character”, and “physical function”. The frequency of falls during the past year, score for each risk factor, and the total fall risk score were not significantly different between the mild unilateral and mild bilateral knee pain groups, and between the severe unilateral and severe bilateral knee pain groups. Therefore, these groups were pooled to form a mild knee pain group and a severe knee pain group and analyzed. The severe knee pain group had experienced a significantly greater number of falls during the past year compared with the no knee pain group. Furthermore, the symptom of falling score was significantly higher in the severe knee pain group than in the no knee pain group, while the disease and physical symptoms score was significantly higher in the mild and severe knee pain groups than in the no knee pain group. The physical function score and total fall risk score were significantly higher in the following order: the severe knee pain group, the mild knee pain group, and the no knee pain group. Our results indicate that for elderly females who can achieve ADL independently, the degree of knee pain (mild or severe) has a marked effect on fall risk, irrespective of laterality of the pain (unilateral or bilateral). Factors such as symptoms of falling, disease and physical symptoms, and physical function are also related to fall risk in this population. Furthermore, elderly individuals with severe knee pain experience frequent falls.

关键词： Mild Knee Pain Severe Knee Pain Frequency of Falls Fall Risk Elderly Females

Muscle endurance measurement using a progressive workload and a constant workload by maximal voluntary contraction

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Health 2010年第11期2卷 1255-1259页

作者： shinichi demura Masakatsu Nakada 不详

Muscle endurance measurement using a progressive workload method may reduce pain sensation in the subject. This study aimed to examine the relationships between force-time parameters during sustained static gripping as measured by maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) using either a progressive workload (PW) or a constant workload (CW). Sixteen subjects performed sustained static gripping with 7 gradually increasing relative demand values of 20% to 80% MVC and sustained static gripping by MVC. The staging of progressive workload was 10 s for 20% MVC, 20 s each for 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70% MVC, and 10 s for 80% MVC. The forces exerted at 120 s in the CW and PW methods were at around the 23-27% MVC level. Peak force, final force, and force during the last 30 s for the PW method evaluated muscle endurance after 1 min and showed high correlations (r = 0.746 ? 0.895). Significant correlations (r = 0.575 ? 0.605) were found between time to 40% MVC in the CW method and peak force, final force, and force in the last 30 s in the PW method group. The peak force in the PW method may be useful for evaluating muscle endurance with a short testing time and without high pain sensation.

关键词： Sustained Static Gripping Progressive Workload Constant Workload Muscle Endurance

Gender differences and laterality in maximal handgrip strength and controlled force exertion in young adults

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Health 2011年第11期3卷 684-688页

作者： Hiroshi Kubota shinichi demura 不详

This study examines gender differences and laterality in maximal handgrip strength and controlled force exertion (CFE) in young adults. The subjects were 75 healthy young males (mean age 19.6 ± 1.6 yrs.) and 50 healthy young females (mean age 20.9 ± 1.9 yrs.). Maximal handgrip strength was measured twice. The subjects performed the CFE test three times after one practice trial. They matched their handgrip strengths to the demand values, which constantly changed and ranged from 5 to 25% of maximal handgrip strength. The difference between the demand value and the grip exertion value was used as an estimate of CFE. Maximal handgrip strength was significantly larger in males than in females in both the dominant and non-dominant hands, and was significantly larger in the dominant hand in both males and females. Insignificant gender differences were found in CFE of both hands. CFE was significantly superior in the dominant hand in both genders. In conclusions, gender differences are present in maximal handgrip strength of the dominant and non-dominant hands in young adults, but not in CFE of both hands. Laterality exists in maximal handgrip strength and in CFE for both genders.

关键词： Human Handgrip Strength Neuromuscular Function

Influence of degraded visual acuity from light-scattering goggles on obstacle gait

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Health 2011年第2期3卷 99-105页

作者： Shunsuke Yamaji shinichi demura Hiroki Sugiura 不详

This study examined the effect on gait of de-grading visual input by simulation on a course with obstacles. Thirty healthy, young adult males walked on a 6 m path with three obstacles (height: 5, 10, 20 cm, width: 10 cm) set at inter-vals of 150 cm with and without degraded visual input from light-scattering goggles. Gait was examined with respect to time, length, angle and walk speed parameters. Gait changed signifi-cantly in the degraded visual input condition. The distances between the obstacles and foot before the obstacles were significantly larger in 10 and 20 cm obstacles under the degraded visual input condition, but distances after passing the obstacle had no significant difference among obstacle height. We therefore conclude that a decrease of visual function alters the perception of an obstacle’s height, particularly the 5 cm height obstacle.

关键词： Walk Analysis Visual Information Contrast Sensitivity Posture Stable

Risk assessment of and targeted intervention for falls in the elderly based on the relationship between physical function levels and risk factors for falls

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Advances in Aging Research 2013年第3期2卷 87-93页

作者： Susumu Sato shinichi demura Masanobu Uchiyama Akita Prefectural University Akita Japan Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Kanazawa University Ishikawa Japan Kanazawa Institute of Technology Ishikawa Japan

Although fall experience is an important predictor of future falls, clinicians place too much emphasis on this factor during risk assessment of falls. This study aimed to determine individuals with high and low fall risk on the basis of the relationship between physical function levels [competence in performing activities of daily living (ADL)] and risk factors for falls (fall experience, locomotive organ impairment, and potential for falling). Participants were 1057 independent community-dwelling elderly individuals. ADL competence and the status of risk factors for falls were evaluated using a questionnaire and the relationship between the two was determined. We calculated the cumulative relative frequency curves for ADL scores after categorizing the participants into several groups according to combinations of risk factors and analyzed those combinations that showed wide individual differences in the cumulative relative frequency curves. Intergroup differences when the participants were categorized on the basis of fall experience alone were small;however, those when the participants were categorized on the basis of locomotive impairment and potential for falling were much greater. On classifying the participants into eight groups on the basis of locomotive organ health, fall risk, and fall experience, we found that fallers with locomotive impairment and a high fall risk exhibited the lowest ADL scores while fallers without locomotive impairment and with a low fall risk exhibited the highest ADL scores. Fall risk assessments that are overtly dependent on fall experience are fundamentally limited. Grouping key risk factors can help in determining target groups, including highrisk fallers, low-risk fallers, and high-risk nonfallers, which require primary preventive measures among the community-dwelling elderly.

关键词： Locomotive Organ Impairment Fall Experience ADL Competence

Center of gravity transfer velocity during sit-to-stand is closely related to physical functions regarding fall experience of the elderly living in community dwelling

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Health 2013年第12期5卷 2097-2103页

作者： Takayoshi Yamada shinichi demura Kenji Takahashi Faculty of Community Health Care Teikyo Heisei University Chiba Japan Faculty of Education and Regional studies University of Fukui Fukui Japan Graduate School of Natural Science & Technology Kanazawa University Ishikawa Japan

This study examines the difference of the center of gravity (CG) velocity during sit-to-stand (STS) movement between the elderly with and without fall experience. Fifteen elderly without fall experience (age: 75.7 ± 4.8 yr), with one fall experience (age: 75.7 ± 5.0 yr), and two or more fall experiences (age: 75.7 ± 4.8 yr) participated in the measurement of 10m maximal walking speed, functional reach, one-legged standing duration with vision, maximal isometric knee extension, hip flexion, ankle extension and toe flexion muscle strengths, fall risk assessment and ADL questionnaire, and CG velocity during STS movement. No significant differences were found in muscle strength, walking and balance tests (F 0.078). The group with two or more fall experiences was significantly higher than the other groups in the fall risk assessment, and lower than the group without fall experience in ADL (F = 8.5 and 6.1, p = 0.001 and 0.005). Meanwhile, significant differences were found in the maximal and mean CG velocity during STS movement among all groups. The group without fall experience was the greatest, and the group with fall experience was less than half (F = 9.0 and 11.1, p = 0.001

关键词： Sit-to-Stand Movement Physical Function Fall

Evaluating the effects of pain and disorders of the knee joint on knee extension strength and daily life activities in the female elderly

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Pain Studies and Treatment 2013年第3期1卷 17-23页

作者： Hiroki Sugiura shinichi demura Kenji Takahashi Faculty of Community Health Care Teikyo Heisei University Chiba Japan Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Kanazawa University Ishikawa Japan

This study aimed at examining the differences in leg strength and activities of daily living (ADL) ability among groups with various knee problems. The subjects consisted of 328 elderly females who were classified into three groups: those without knee pain or a knee disorder, those with knee pain, and those with a knee disorder. The subjects took a knee extension strength test and an ADL survey. Knee extension strength and ADL scores (total score and each domain score of the motions of locomotion, posture change, stability, and manipulation) were selected as the evaluation parameters. The knee extension strength, total ADL score and each domain score of the motions of locomotion, posture change, and stability ranged from low to high in the following order: the group with a knee disorder, the group with knee pain, and the group without pain or a knee disorder. Moreover, manipulation scores were significantly inferior in the group with a knee disorder compared with the other two groups. In conclusion, the female elderly with knee pain or a knee disorder have inferior knee extension strength and ADL with respect to the motions of locomotion, posture change and stability. In addition, with regard toknee extension strength with respect to theabove three motions, the elderly with a knee disorder have inferior scores when compared with the elderly who have only knee pain;thus, they find it difficult to perform activities involving the knee joints.

关键词： Knee Joint Pain Knee Joint Disorder Knee Extension Strength ADL Female Elderly