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Gastrointestinal bleeding in patients on novel oral anticoagulants:Risk,prevention and management

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第11期23卷 1954-1963页

作者： Ka-shing.Cheung Wai K Leung Department of Medicine The University of Hong KongQueen Mary HospitalHong KongChina

Novel oral anticoagulants(NOACs), which include direct thrombin inhibitor(dabigatran) and direct factor Xa inhibitors(rivaroxaban, apixaban and edoxaban), are gaining popularity in the prevention of embolic stroke in non-valvular atrial fibrillation as well as in the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism. However, similar to traditional anticoagulants, NOACs have the side effects of bleeding, including gastrointestinal bleeding(GIB). Results from both randomized clinical trials and observations studies suggest that high-dose dabigatran(150 mg b.i.d), rivaroxaban and high-dose edoxaban(60 mg daily) are associated with a higher risk of GIB compared with warfarin. Other risk factors of NOAC-related GIB include concomitant use of ulcerogenic agents, older age, renal impairment, Helicobacter pylori infection and a past history of GIB. Prevention of NOAC-related GIB includes proper patient selection, using a lower dose of certain NOACs and in patients with renal impairment, correction of modifiable risk factors, and prescription of gastroprotective agents. Overt GIB can be managed by withholding NOACs followed by delayed endoscopic treatment. In severe bleeding, additional measures include administration of activated charcoal, use of specific reversal agents such as idarucizumab for dabigatran and andexanent alfa for factor Xa inhibitors, and urgent endoscopic management.

关键词： Warfarin Endoscopy Apixaban Edoxaban Gastrointestinal bleeding Dabigatran Rivaroxaban Novel anticoagulants

Novel therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第31期20卷 10825-10844页

作者： shing.Chun Tang Yang-Chao Chen School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine the Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Pancreatic cancer has become the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the last two decades. Only 3%-15% of patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer had 5 year survival rate. Drug resistance, high metastasis, poor prognosis and tumour relapse contributed to the malignancies and difficulties in treating pancreatic cancer. The current standard chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer is gemcitabine, however its efficacy is far from satisfactory, one of the reasons is due to the complex tumour microenvironment which decreases effective drug delivery to target cancer cell. Studies of the molecular pathology of pancreatic cancer have revealed that activation of KRAS, overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2, inactivation of p16INK4A and loss of p53 activities occurred in pancreatic cancer. Co-administration of gemcitabine and targeting the molecular pathological events happened in pancreatic cancer has brought an enhanced therapeutic effectiveness of gemcitabine. Therefore, studies looking for novel targets in hindering pancreatic tumour growth are emerging rapidly. In order to give a better understanding of the current findings and to seek the direction in future pancreatic cancer research; in this review we will focus on targets suppressing tumour metastatsis and progression, KRAS activated downstream effectors, the relationship of Notch signaling and Nodal/Activin signaling with pancreatic cancer cells, the current findings of non-coding RNAs in inhibiting pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, brief discussion in transcription remodeling by epigenetic modifiers (e.g., HDAC, BMI1, EZH2) and the plausible therapeutic applications of cancer stem cell and hyaluronan in tumour environment.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer CTHRC1 RAC1 RalGEF-RAl Notch Signaling Nodal/Activin Signaling NDRG1 Hypoxic condition DR5 PAR2 HER3 IAP Non-coding RNA HDAC BMI1 EZH2 Pancreatic cancer stem cell Tumour microenvironment

Ventricular tachycardia induced by functional ventricular undersensing and AutoCapture®

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2022年第5期19卷 393-397页

作者： shing.Ching Chiu Sun Yue Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine and GeriatricsUnited Christian HospitalHong KongChina

The implantable cardioverter-defibrillator(ICD)is a key component in the primary pre-vention of sudden cardiac death in patients with ischemic *** device programming is pivotal in maximizing the benefit as well as minimizing any proarrhythmic effect of dev-ice *** is even more so for patients who require pacing for bradycardia,in which interaction of the de-vice with intrinsic rhythm may generate unexpected *** report a case of pacing induced ven-tricular tachycardia as a result of complex interplay of competitive atrial pacing,atrial and ventricular func-tional undersensing,ventricular functional loss of capture,and the AutoCapture®algorithm specific to Abbott devices.

关键词： ventricular tachycardia functional

Semiparametric Quantile Modelling of Hierarchical Data

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2009年第4期25卷 597-616页

作者： Mao Zai TIAN Man Lai TANG Ping shing.CHAN School of Statistics Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 P. R. China Center for Applied Statistics Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 P. R. China Department of Mathematics Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Hong Kong Department of Statistics The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin N.T. Hong Kong

The classic hierarchical linear model formulation provides a considerable flexibility for modelling the random effects structure and a powerful tool for analyzing nested data that arise in various areas such as biology, economics and education. However, it assumes the within-group errors to be independently and identically distributed （i.i.d.） and models at all levels to be linear. Most importantly, traditional hierarchical models （just like other ordinary mean regression methods） cannot characterize the entire conditional distribution of a dependent variable given a set of covariates and fail to yield robust estimators. In this article, we relax the aforementioned and normality assumptions, and develop a so-called Hierarchical Semiparametric Quantile Regression Models in which the within-group errors could be heteroscedastic and models at some levels are allowed to be nonparametric. We present the ideas with a 2-level model. The level-1 model is specified as a nonparametric model whereas level-2 model is set as a parametric model. Under the proposed semiparametric setting the vector of partial derivatives of the nonparametric function in level-1 becomes the response variable vector in level 2. The proposed method allows us to model the fixed effects in the innermost level （i.e., level 2） as a function of the covariates instead of a constant effect. We outline some mild regularity conditions required for convergence and asymptotic normality for our estimators. We illustrate our methodology with a real hierarchical data set from a laboratory study and some simulation studies.

关键词： hierarchical models quantile regression robustness

Derivations on the Algebra of Operators in Hilbert C~*-Modules

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2012年第8期28卷 1615-1622页

作者： Peng Tong LI De Guang HAN Wai shing.TANG Department of Mathematics Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Department of Mathematics University of Central Florida Department of Mathematics National University of Singapore

Let M be a full Hilbert C＊-module over a C＊-algebra A, and let End^（.A4） be the algebra of adjointable operators on M. We show that if A is unital and commutative, then every derivation of End＊A（M） is an inner derivation, and that if A is a-unital and commutative, then innerness of derivations on ＂compact＂ operators completely decides innerness of derivations on EndA（M）. If .4 is unital （no commutativity is assumed） such that every derivation of A is inner, then it is proved that every derivation of EndA（Ln（A）） is also inner, where Ln（A） denotes the direct sum of n copies of A. In addition, in case A is unital, commutative and there exist xo,yo ∈M such that 〈xo,yo〉 = 1, we characterize the linear A-module homomorphisms on EndA（M） which behave like derivations when acting on zero products.

关键词： Derivations inner derivations C*-algebras Hilbert C*-modules

Command and Control Cities in Global Space-economy Before and after 2008 Geo-economic Transition

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Chinese Geographical Science 2012年第3期22卷 334-342页

作者： Ernest Ka shing.LEE Simon Xiaobin ZHAO Yang XIE International Center for China Development Studies & Department of Geography Faculty of Social Sciences the University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China Department for Rural Economic Development Research Center of the State Council Beijing 100010 China

The global economic downturn caused primarily by the US sub-prime mortgage crisis in 2007 engendered revenue loss of the multinational corporations. Existing studies have yet to depict the detrimental impacts on city＇s command and control functions induced by the sub-prime mortgage crisis together with its residual wave of global economic recession on the global spatial economy. Recent and previous studies have produced an ＇instant history＇ of the global spatial economy before the global economic downturn undermines the global economy in late 2008. How- ever, the waxes and wanes of major cities＇ command and control functions on the global economic arena before and after the outbreak of financial crisis and its associated geo-economic transitions are still poorly understood. This paper attempts to contribute a new set of customized data to update and fill in the gap in the literature with the investigation of the command and control functions of cities arotmd the world from 2005 to 2009. Particular attentions are paid to the time-space relationship of the geo-economic transition that can capture the recent historical images of the com- mand and control situation of different cities in the world.

关键词： global space-economy command and control cities geo-economic transition China

Toward actionable testing of deep learning models

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2023年第7期66卷 300-302页

作者： Yingfei XIONG Yongqiang TIAN Yepang LIU shing.Chi CHEUNG Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies(Peking University) Ministry of Education School of Computer Science Peking University Department of Computer Science and Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology School of Computer Science University of Waterloo Research Institute of Trustworthy Autonomous Systems Southern University of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology

Deep learning has become an important computational paradigm in our daily lives with a wide range of applications,from authentication using facial recognition to autonomous driving in smart vehicles. The quality of the deep learning models, i.e., neural architectures with parameters trained over a dataset, is crucial to our daily living and economy.

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Canonical metrics on complex manifold

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Science China Mathematics 2008年第4期51卷 503-508页

作者： YAU shing.Tung(Yau S.-T.) Department of Mathematics Harvard University

Complex manifolds are topological spaces that are covered by coordinate charts where the coordinate changes are given by holomorphic *** example,Riemann surfaces are one dimensional complex *** order to understand complex manifolds,it is useful to introduce metrics that are compatible with the complex *** general,we should have a pair(M,ds^2_M)where ds^2_M is the *** metric is said to be canonical if any biholomorphisms of the complex manifolds are automatically *** metrics can naturally be used to describe invariants of the complex structures of the manifold.

关键词：云门

Total Syntheses of ( + )-Goniotriol and ( + )- 8-Acetylgoniotriol

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 1993年第2期9卷 152-153页

作者： shing.T. K. M. Departmeat of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong HKwo styryl-pyrones (+)-goniotriol (1) and (+)-8-acetylgoniotriol (2) which are cytotoxic to human turnout cells were isolated from the ethanolic extracts of the stem bark of Goniothalamus giganteus Hook. F. Thomas (Annonaceae) in addition (+)-goniotriol was also isolated from the leaves and twigs of Goniothalamus

Two styryl-pyrones, (+)-goniotriol (1) and (+)-8-acetylgoniotriol (2), which are cytotoxic to human turnout cells, were isolated from the ethanolic extracts of the stem bark of Goniothalamus giganteus Hook. F., Thomas... 详细信息

关键词： ( + )-Goniotriol ( + )-8-Acetylgoniotriol Total syntheses