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从诉讼法学的立场对实体法学的学术方法及其构造质疑

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河北法学 2024年第3期42卷 2-34页

作者： [日]中村宗雄冯祝恒(译) 张卫平(校) 早稻田大学东京清华大学法学院北京100084 烟台大学山东烟台264005

在现代法学之下,民事实体法学与诉讼法学虽然都取得了飞速发展,但直到现在两者之间也没有建立起充分的学术联系。实体法学现阶段仍然是从罗马法继受而来的潘德克顿法学的一元自足体系,其对已形成独立法律体系的诉讼法理论毫不关心。也因... 详细信息

在现代法学之下,民事实体法学与诉讼法学虽然都取得了飞速发展,但直到现在两者之间也没有建立起充分的学术联系。实体法学现阶段仍然是从罗马法继受而来的潘德克顿法学的一元自足体系,其对已形成独立法律体系的诉讼法理论毫不关心。也因此,实体法理论存在缺陷、曲解以及学术范围不当扩大等问题。这些问题的主要成因可细分为:其一,现代私法学舍弃了实体法作为裁判规范的一面,完全沦为了社会规范理论;其二,现代私法学以具有私法性质的“请求权”概念继承了actio理论,舍弃了其诉讼性质;其三,现代私法学没有将对私法关系产生影响的“裁判效力”纳入其理论;其四,实体法学者对通过诉讼进行“权利确定”缺乏明确的认识。法的世界由实体法与诉讼法组成,二者应当分别划分学术领域,在互补关系上相互融合,从而构成法学的整个体系。为此,应首先打破实体法学与诉讼法学的自足体系,一方面需要将实体法理论引入到诉讼法学领域,提倡“实体法与诉讼法并立二元观”的诉讼法学理论构造,另一方面也需要在实体法学中建立与诉讼法学相融合的理论构造。

关键词：实体法学诉讼法学学术方法学术构造学术联系

A NEW APPROACH AND ERROR ANALYSIS FOR RECONSTRUCTING THE SCATTERED WAVE BY THE POINT SOURCE METHOD

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2007年第2期25卷 113-130页

作者： Jijun Liu Gen nakamura Roland Potthast Department of Mathematics Southeast University Nanjing 210096 China Department of Mathematics Graduate School of Science Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-0810 Japan Institute for Numerical and Applied Mathematics University of Gottingen Lotzestr 16-1837085 Gottingen Germany

Consider an inverse scattering problem by an obstacle D belong to R^2 with impedance boundary. We investigate the reconstruction of the scattered field u^s from its far field pattern u^∞ using the point source method. First, by applying the boundary integral equation method, we provide a new approach to the point-source method of Potthast by classical potential theory. This extends the range of the point source method from plane waves to scattering of arbitrary waves. Second, by analyzing the behavior of the Hankel function, we obtain an improved strategy for the choice of the regularizing parameter from which an improved convergence rate （compared to the result of [15]） is achieved for the reconstruc- tion of the scattered wave. Third, numerical implementations are given to test the validity and stability of the inversion method for the impedance obstacle.

关键词： Inverse scattering Regularization Error estimate Numerics

Effect of a Natural Inulin-Containing Product, “Kikuimo Extract” on Intestinal Microbes and Gene Expression in the Liver and Adipose Tissue of Menopausal Monkeys

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2016年第9期7卷 752-762页

作者： Shigeo Nakayama Fusako Mitsunaga Akira Maeda shin nakamura Nihontounyoushoken Co. Ltd. Iida Japan Primate Research Institute Kyoto University Inuyama Japan NPO Primate Agora Inuyama Japan Intelligence and Technology Lab Inc. Kaizu Japan Oasis Co. Ltd. Takarazuka Japan

Inulin is a soluble and indigestible fiber derived from natural plants such as Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus), “Kikuimo”. In the current study, a nutrigenomics approach was utilized to evaluate the in vivo function of “Kikuimo Extract” (KE) in ovariectomized cynomolgus macaque, a post-menopausal non-human primate model. KE was administered orally before feeding, for 3 months for the following examinations: 1) the effect of KE on intestinal microbes was examined by quantitative analyses of the intestinal bacteria using real-time PCR with DNA extracted from monkey feces;2) the effect of KE on gene expression was investigated by real-time RT-PCR using RNA extracted from both the liver and adipose tissue of the monkeys. KE administration modulated menopause-mediated altered microbes to increase Lactobacilli, Veillonella, and Bacteroides in all monkeys. KE administration regulated the altered expression of functional genes, SCAP, LDLR, and LXRA (lipid metabolism);GLUT-4 (glucose transport);CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 (drug metabolism);and CYP-17-2 and CYP-19-2 (E2 synthesis) in the menopausal monkeys. In menopausal monkeys, KE showed potent prebiotic effect on beneficial microflora and regulating effect on altered expression of functional genes associated with metabolism and E2 production. Thus, KE appears to be a practical functional food that alleviates the altered conditions of intestinal microbes and gene expression in the liver and adipose tissue in a menopausal state.

关键词： Functional Food Prebiotics Bacterial DNA Gene Expression

RECONSTRUCTION OF SCATTERED FIELD FROM FAR-FIELD BY REGULARIZATION

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2004年第3期22卷 389-402页

作者： Ji-junLiu JinCheng G.nakamura DepartmentofMathematics SoutheastUniversityNanjing210096China DepartmentofMathematics FudanUniversityShanghai200433China DepartmentofMathematics HokkaidoUniversitySapporo060-0810Japan

In this paper, we consider an inverse scattering problem for an obstacle D R^2 with Robin boundary condition. By applying the point source, we give a regularizing method to recover the scattered field from the far-fie... 详细信息

关键词： Inverse scattering Point source Regularization Numerics

THE LOCAL WELL-POSEDNESS OF A CHEMOTAXIS-SHALLOW WATER SYSTEM WITH VACUUM

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2021年第1期41卷 231-240页

作者： Jishan FAN Fucai LI Gen nakamura Department of Applied Mathematics Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China Department of Mathematics Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Department of Mathematics Hokkaido UniversitySapporo 060-0810Japan

In this paper we prove the local well-posedness of strong solutions to a chemotaxisshallow water system with initial vacuum in a bounded domainΩ■R^(2)without the standard compatibility condition for the initial *** ... 详细信息

关键词： chemotaxis shallow water vacuum local well-posedness strong solution

Anti-Inflammatory and Immunostimulatory Effects of Extract from Culture of Effective Microorganisms (ECEM) Revealed by Functional Genomics and Metabolome Analyses

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2015年第12期6卷 1115-1125页

作者： Masaki shintani Fusako Mitsunaga Shun Shimabukuro shin nakamura EM Research Organization Inc. Kitanakagusuku Japan Intelligence and Technology Lab Inc. Kaizu Japan Biomedical Institute NPO Primate Agora Inuyama Japan

The extract from culture of effective microorganisms (ECEM) is a secondary metabolite produced in symbiotic culture of a mixture of yeasts and lactic bacteria followed by photosynthetic bacteria. Metabolomics studies have demonstrated that ECEM contained several active ingredients associated with anti-inflammation through interactions with nuclear factor-κB. Functional genomics using DNA microarrays revealed that ECEM had distinctive anti-inflammatory and immunostimulatory actions in RAW264.7 cells. ECEM inhibited the LPS-upregulated expression of one group of pro-inflammatory genes (iNos, Il6 and Cox2) but not another group genes (Tnf, Ccl7 and Dusp2);it also upregulated the expression of Cd1d1, which participates in antigen presentation on lipids, resulting in activation of natural killer T (NKT) cells related to infection defense and cancer. Bacterial glycosylated lipid and other related complex lipids in ECEM are thought to trigger this upregulation of Cd1d1 expression. These results suggest that ECEM functions in the immune response in both inflammation and antigen presentation and that it contains components important for these functions. These novel effects of ECEM could be invaluable for developing functional drinks or health beverages.

关键词： DNA Microarray Secondary Metabolites iNos Il6 Cd1d1

Attenuation and Distortion of Compression Waves Propagating in Very Long Tube

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Journal of Thermal Science 2011年第1期20卷 53-57页

作者： shinya nakamura Daisuke SASA Toshiyuki AOKI Graduate School of Engineering Sciences Kyushu UniversityKasugaFukuoka816-8580Japan

A lot of phenomena related to propagating various waves are seen when the high-speed train goes through the tunnel,the gas pipeline is broken due to an accident or the air brake of the wagon *** instance,a compression wave generated ahead of a high-speed train entering a tunnel propagates to the tunnel exit and spouts as a micro pressure wave,which causes an exploding *** order to estimate the magnitude correctly,the mechanism of the attenuation and distortion of a compression wave propagating along a very long tunnel must be understood and the experimental information on these phenomena is *** experimental investigation is carried out to clarify the attenuation and distortion of the propagating compression wave in a very long *** results show that the strength of a compression wave decreases with *** attenuation and distortion of compression waves are affected by the initial waveform of the compression wave and by the unsteady boundary layer induced by the propagating *** shape of a compression wave becomes different with the propagating distance;that is,a shock wave appears just head of a wavefront and an overshoot on pressure distribution is observed behind a shock wave due to the transition of the unsteady boundary layer.

关键词： Propagating Compression Wave Very Long Tube Micro-pressure Wave High-Speed Train

A new cascade-less engine operated from subsonic to hypersonic conditions: designed by computational fluid dynamics of compressible turbulence with chemical reactions

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Journal of Thermal Science 2010年第6期19卷 481-485页

作者： Ken Naitoh Kazushi nakamura Takehiro Emoto Waseda University Faculty of Science and Engineering

By using our computational fluid dynamic models, a new type of single engine capable of operating over a wide range of Mach numbers from subsonic to hypersonic regimes is proposed for airplanes, whereas traditional piston engines, turbojet engines, and scram engines work only under a narrower range of operating conditions. The new engine has no compressors or turbines such as those used in conventional turbojet engines. An important point is its system of super multijets that collide to compress gas for the transonic regime. Computational fluid dynamics is applied to clarify the potential of this engine. The peak pressure at the combustion center is over 2.5 MPa, while that just before ignition is over 1.0 MPa. The maximum power of this engine will be sufficient for actual use. Under the conditions of higher Mach numbers, the main intake passage located in front of the super multijet nozzles, takes in air more. That results in a ram or scramjet engine for supersonic and hypersonic conditions.

关键词： Aircraft engine multijets twister system compressible flow

Personalized immunotherapy in cancer precision medicine

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2021年第4期18卷 955-965页

作者： Kazuma Kiyotani Yujiro Toyoshima Yusuke nakamura Project for Immunogenomics Cancer Precision Medicine CenterJapanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchTokyo 135-8550Japan

With the significant advances in cancer genomics using next-generation sequencing technologies,genomic and molecular profilingbased precision medicine is used as a part of routine clinical test for guiding and selecting the most appropriate treatments for individual cancer *** many molecular-targeted therapies for a number of actionable genomic alterations have been developed,the clinical application of such information is still limited to a small proportion of cancer *** this review,we summarize the current status of personalized drug selection based on genomic and molecular profiling and highlight the challenges how we can further utilize the individual genomic *** immunotherapies,including immune checkpoint inhibitors,would be one of the potential approaches to apply the results of genomic sequencing most *** cancer-specific antigens derived from somatic mutations,the so-called neoantigens,occurring in individual cancers have been in focus *** immunotherapies,which target neoantigens,could lead to a precise treatment for cancer patients,despite the challenge in accurately predicting neoantigens that can induce cytotoxic T cells in individual *** prediction of neoantigens should accelerate the development of personalized immunotherapy including cancer vaccines and T-cell receptor-engineered T-cell therapy for a broader range of cancer patients.

关键词： Personalized medicine cancer precision medicine neoantigen personalized immunotherapy immune checkpoint blockade cancer vaccine adoptive T cell therapy