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Euler Product Expressions of Absolute Tensor Products of Dirichlet L-Functions

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2024年第6期14卷 451-486页

作者： Hidenori Tanaka shin-ya Koyama Department of Biomedical Engineering Toyo University Saitama Japan Department of Mechanical Engineering Toyo University Saitama Japan

In this paper, we calculate the absolute tensor square of the Dirichlet L-functions and show that it is expressed as an Euler product over pairs of primes. The method is to construct an equation to link primes to a series which has the factors of the absolute tensor product of the Dirichlet L-functions. This study is a generalization of Akatsuka’s theorem on the Riemann zeta function, and gives a proof of kurokawa’s prediction proposed in 1992.

关键词： Dirichlet L-Function Absolute Tensor Product (kurokawa Tensor Product) Euler Product

The Perineal Membrane: Its Composite Fibers and Nerve Content, and Relationship to the Levator Ani and Deep Transverse Perineal Muscles

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2014年第7期4卷 405-415页

作者： Tetsuji kurokawa Nobuyuki Hinata Hiromasa Sasaki Gen Murakami Masato Fujisawa shin-ichi Abe Yoshio Yosida Department of Anatomy Tokyo Dental College Tokyo Japan Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Fukui University School of Medicine Fukui Japan Department of Urology Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine Kobe Japan Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital Kanazawa Japan Division of Internal Medicine Iwamizawa Kojin-kai Hospital Iwamizawa Japan

The perineal membrane (PM) is a thick, elastic fiber-rich, smooth muscle-poor membrane extending along the vestibule and lower vaginal wall and embedding the urethrovaginal sphincter and compressor urethrae muscles. To provide a better understanding of the topographical relationship between the PM and the levator ani muscle, we examined histological sections from 15 female cadavers. The composite fibers of the PM were usually continuous with that of a fascia covering the inferior or lateral surface of the levator ani (fascia diaphragmatis pelvis inferior) rather than the endopelvic fascia covering the superior or medial surface of the latter muscle. However, this fascial connection was sometimes interrupted by a venous plexus. The deep transverse perineal muscle was consistently adjacent to the posterolateral aspect of the PM, but whether it extended superficially or deeply to the PM depended on size of the muscle. In contrast to the endopelvic fascia embedding abundant middle-sized nerves (cavernous and sphincter nerves;0.05 - 0.1 mm in thickness), the PM contained very thin nerves: many in 10 cadavers but few in 5 cadavers. Most of the nerves seemed to be sensory on the basis of immunohistochemistry. The levator ani muscle was considered likely to provide traction force to the PM, but active elevation appeared to be difficult because of the highly elastic nature of the PM and the interrupting venous plexus. Loss of nerves in the PM might be one of a number of factors that can accelerate pelvic organ prolapse.

关键词： Vagina Levator Ani Muscle Perineal Membrane Smooth Muscles Elastic Fibers Nerves

Oxaliplatin-Induced Lung Injury with Allergic Reaction

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2011年第3期23卷 232-235页

作者： Tetsuya Homma Masatsugu kurokawa Yoshitaka Yamamoto Satoshi Matsukura Koushi Ieki shintaro Suzuki Miho Odaka shin Watanabe Munehiro Yamaguchi Mitsuru Adachi Division of Allergology and Respiratory Medicine Division of Internal MedicineSchool of MedicineShowa University

A 79-year-old man was diagnosed as stage IV colon cancer and treated with a modified FOLFOX6 （mFOLFOX6） *** the 12th cycle,we observed erythema and *** showed ground grass *** tests showed elevated levels of eosinophils and immunoglobulin *** diagnosed this finding as response to drug allergy and administered high-dose *** treatment was successful and he was *** drug lymphocyte stimulating test against oxaliplatin was positive,indicating a type I and IV allergic reaction due to *** including oxaliplatin must be carefully monitored and frequent blood tests and chest radiographs are needed.

关键词： Oxaliplatin mFOLFOX6 Drug-induced pneumonia Drug lymphocyte stimulating test Immunoglobulin E

Platelets in liver disease, cancer and regeneration

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第18期23卷 3228-3239页

作者： Tomohiro kurokawa Nobuhiro Ohkohchi Department of Surgery Division of Gastroenterological and Hepatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplantation Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba

Although viral hepatitis treatments have evolved over the years, the resultant liver cirrhosis still does not completely heal. Platelets contain proteins required for hemostasis, as well as many growth factors required for organ development, tissue regeneration and repair. Thrombocytopenia, which is frequently observed in patients with chronic liver disease(CLD) and cirrhosis, can manifest from decreased thrombopoietin production and accelerated platelet destruction caused by hypersplenism; however, the relationship between thrombocytopenia and hepatic pathogenesis, as well as the role of platelets in CLD, is poorly understood. In this paper, experimental evidence of platelets improving liver fibrosis and accelerating liver regeneration is summarized and addressed based on studies conducted in our laboratory and current progress reports from other investigators. In addition, we describe our current perspective based on the results of these studies. Platelets improve liver fibrosis by inactivating hepatic stellate cells, which decreases collagen production. The regenerative effect of platelets in the liver involves a direct effect on hepatocytes, a cooperative effect with liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, and a collaborative effect with Kupffer cells. Based on these observations, we ascertained the direct effect of platelet transfusion on improving several indicators of liver function in patients with CLD and liver cirrhosis. However, unlike the results of our previous clinical study, the smaller incremental changes in liver function in patients with CLD who received eltrombopag for 6 mo were due to patient selection from a heterogeneous population. We highlight the current knowledge concerning the role of platelets in CLD and cancer and anticipate a novel application of platelet-based clinical therapies to treat liver disease.

关键词： Platelet Liver cirrhosis Liver regeneration Cancer Thrombopoietin Thrombopoietin agonist Eltrombopag

Fabrication of MoSi_2-SiC Composites by a Spark Plasma Sintering Method

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 1999年第2期13卷 116-118页

作者： kurokawa K. Ube M. Takahashi H. Division of Molecular Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Hokkaido University Kita-13 Nishi-8 Kita-ku Sapporo 060-8628 Japan Center for Advanced Research of Energy Technology Hokkaido University Japan

MolybdenUmdisilicidepeoSi,)hashighmeltingpoint（2293K）,relativelylowdensity（6.249/cm3）,abrittle-to-ductiletemper;tabout1173K[l]andoutstandingoxidationresistance[2M].Forthisreason,thedisilicidematrixcompositesarebei... 详细信息

关键词： MoSi2-SiC composite spark plasma sintering in-siam Synthesis sintering behavior

A Decodable Metaphysics

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世界建筑 1993年第1期 17-18页

作者： Kisho kurokawa

Arata Isozaki and I are contemporaries, and both of us studied in Tange’s studio. That is why the "Arata Isozaki: Architecture, 1960-1990" exhibition gives me the feeling that I am looking back on my own times through a different pair of eyes. Inasmuch as architecture is something that expresses, whether consciously or unconsciously, the spirit of the age, one expects in the thirty-year record of an architect a broad range of themes and diverse ways of addressing those themes,

关键词： A Decodable Metaphysics

Essential cellular modules for the proliferation of the primitive cell

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Geoscience Frontiers 2018年第4期9卷 1155-1161页

作者： Koichi Higashi Yoshikazu Kawai Tomoya Baba Ken kurokawa Taku Oshima Genome Evolution Laboratory National Institute of Genetics Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology Institute for Cell and Molecular BiosciencesMedical SchoolNewcastle University Advanced Genomics Center National Institute of Genetics Earth-Life Science Institute Tokyo Institute of Technology Graduate School of Biological Sciences Nara Institute of Science and Technology

Bacteria appeared early in the evolution of cellular life on planet Earth, and therefore the universally essential genes or biological pathways found across bacterial domains may represent fundamental genetic or cellular systems used in early life. The essential genes and the minimal gene set required to support bacterial life have recently been experimentally and computationally identified. It is, however,still hard to estimate the ancient genes present in primitive cells compared to the essential genes in contemporary bacteria, because we do not know how ancestral primitive cells lived and proliferated, and therefore cannot directly evaluate the essentiality of the genes in ancestral primitive cells. The cell wall is normally essential for bacterial proliferation and cellular division of walled bacterial cells is normally highly controlled by the essential FtsZ cell division machinery. But, bacteria are capable of reverting to their cell wall deficient ancestral form, called the ＂L-form＂. Unlike ＂normal＂ cells, L-forms divide by a simple physical mechanism based on the effects of membrane dynamics, suggesting a mode of primitive proliferation before the appearance of the cell wall. In this review, we summarize the experimental and computational investigations of minimal gene sets and discuss the minimal cellular modules required to support the proliferation of primitive cells, based on L-form proliferation.

关键词： L-form Essential genes Minimal gene set KEGG module Bacteria

Lipid metabolic reprogramming as an emerging mechanism of resistance to kinase inhibitors in breast cancer

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2020年第1期3卷 1-17页

作者： William W.Feng Manabu kurokawa Department of Molecular and Systems Biology Geisel School of Medicine at DartmouthHanoverNH 03755USA Department of Biological Sciences Kent State UniversityKentOH 44242USA

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death in women in the United *** general,patients with breast cancer undergo surgical resection of the tumor and/or receive drug treatment to kill or suppress the growth of cancer *** this regard,small molecule kinase inhibitors serve as an important class of drugs used in clinical and research ***,the development of resistance to these compounds,in particular HER2 and CDK4/6 inhibitors,often limits durable clinical responses to *** evidence indicates that PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway hyperactivation is one of the most prominent mechanisms of resistance to many small molecule inhibitors as it bypasses upstream growth factor receptor ***,the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway also plays a pertinent role in regulating various aspects of cancer *** studies from our lab and others have demonstrated that altered lipid metabolism mediates the development of acquired drug resistance to HER2-targeted therapies in breast cancer,raising an interesting link between reprogrammed kinase signaling and lipid *** appears that,upon development of resistance to HER2 inhibitors,breast cancer cells rewire lipid metabolism to somehow circumvent the inhibition of kinase ***,we review various mechanisms of resistance observed for kinase inhibitors and discuss lipid metabolism as a potential therapeutic target to overcome acquired drug resistance.

关键词： Drug resistance lipid metabolism small molecule inhibitor tyrosine kinase HER2

Current status of function-preserving surgery for gastric cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第46期20卷 17297-17304页

作者： Takuro Saito Yukinori kurokawa Shuji Takiguchi Masaki Mori Yuichiro Doki Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Osaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsaka 565-0871Japan

Recent advances in diagnostic techniques have allowed the diagnosis of gastric cancer(GC)at an early *** to the low incidence of lymph node metastasis and favorable prognosis in early GC,function-preserving surgery which improves postoperative quality of life may be ***-preserving gastrectomy(PPG)is one such function-preserving procedure,which is expected to offer advantages with regards to dumping syndrome,bile reflux gastritis,and the frequency of flatus,although PPG may induce delayed gastric *** gastrectomy(PG)is another functionpreserving procedure,which is thought to be advantageous in terms of decreased duodenogastric reflux and good food reservoir function in the remnant stomach,although the incidence of heartburn or gastric fullness associated with this procedure is ***,these disadvantages may be overcome by the reconstruction method *** other important problem after PG is remnant GC,which was reported to occur in approximately 5%of ***,the reconstruction technique used with PG should facilitate postoperativeendoscopic examinations for early detection and treatment of remnant gastric *** safety seems to be assured in both procedures,if the preoperative diagnosis is *** selection should be carefully *** many retrospective studies have demonstrated the utility of function-preserving surgery,no consensus on whether to adopt functionpreserving surgery as the standard of care has been *** prospective randomized controlled trials are necessary to evaluate survival and postoperative quality of life associated with function-preserving surgery.

关键词： Gastric cancer Function preserving surgery Quality of life Pylorus preserving surgery Proximal gastrectomy