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BAYESIAN IMAGE SUPERRESOLUTION AND HIDDEN VARIABLE MODELING

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2010年第1期23卷 116-136页

作者： Atsunori KANEMURA shin-ichi maeda Wataru FUKUDA shinI SHII Graduate School of Informatics Kyoto University

Superresolution is an image processing technique that estimates an original high-resolutionimage from its low-resolution and degraded *** superresolution tasks,there have beenproblems regarding the computational cost for the estimation of high-dimensional *** are now being overcome by the recent development of fast computers and the developmentof powerful computational techniques such as variational Bayesian *** paper reviewsa Bayesian treatment of the superresolution problem and presents its extensions based on hierarchicalmodeling by employing hidden variables.

关键词： Bayesian estimation hidden variables image superresolution Markov random fields variational estimation.

Lenvatinib for large hepatocellular carcinomas with portal trunk invasion:Two case reports

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2020年第12期8卷 2574-2584页

作者： Satoshi Komiyama Kazushi Numata Satoshi Moriya Hiroyuki Fukuda Makoto Chuma shin maeda Gastroenterological Center Yokohama City University Medical CenterYokohamaKanagawa 2320024Japan Department of Gastroenterology Yokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaKanagawa 2360004Japan

BACKGROUND In a phase III trial of lenvatinib as first-line treatment for advanced unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma(uHCC),the drug proved non-inferior to sorafenib in terms of the overall survival,but offered better progression-free ***,the effects of lenvatinib in uHCC patients with a tumor thrombus in the main portal vein and/or a high tumor burden(tumor occupancy more than 50%of the total liver volume),remain unclear,because these were set as exclusion criteria in the aforementioned *** SUMMARY A 53-year-old man(case 1)and 66-year-old woman(case 2)with uHCC presented to us with a tumor thrombus in both the main portal vein and inferior vena cava,a high tumor burden accompanied by a tumor diameter greater than>100 mm,and distant metastasis,with the residual liver function classified as grade 2A according to the modified Albumin–Bilirubin *** started both patients on *** therapeutic effect,as evaluated by the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors,was rated as partial response in both case 1 and case 2(at 8 wk and 4 wk after the start of lenvatinib administration,respectively).The therapeutic effect was sustained for 6 mo in case 1 and 20 mo in case *** occurred as an adverse event in both case 1 and 2,and hyperthyroidism and thrombocytopenia in only case 2,neither of which,however,necessitated treatment *** Even in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with poor prognostic factors,if the liver function is well-preserved,lenvatinib is effective and safe.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Lenvatinib Modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors Main portal vein tumor thrombus High tumor burden Case report

Rate of local tumor progression following radiofrequency ablation of pathologically early hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第17期23卷 3111-3121页

作者： Yoshiteru Hao Kazushi Numata Tomohiro Ishii Hiroyuki Fukuda shin maeda Masayuki Nakano Katsuaki Tanaka Gastroenterological Center Yokohama City University Medical Center Division of Gastroenterology Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Pathological Department Shonan Fujisawa Tokusyukai Hospital

AIM To evaluate whether pathologically early hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) exhibited local tumor progression after radiofrequency ablation(RFA) less often than typical *** Fifty pathologically early HCCs [tumor diameter(mm): mean, 15.8; range, 10-23; follow-up days after RFA: median, 1213; range, 216-2137] and 187 typical HCCs [tumor diameter(mm): mean, 15.6; range, 6-30; follow-up days after RFA: median, 1116; range, 190-2328] were enrolled in this retrospective study. The presence of stromal invasion(namely, tumor cell invasion into the intratumoral portal tracts) was considered to be the most important pathologic finding for the diagnosis of early HCCs. Typical HCC was defined as the presence of a hyper-vascular lesion accompanied by delayed washout using contrastenhanced computed tomography or contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Follow-up examinations were performed at 3-mo intervals to monitor for signs of local tumor progression. The local tumor progression rates of pathologically early HCCs and typical HCCs were then determined using the Kaplan-Meier *** During the follow-up period for the 50 pathologically early HCCs, 49(98%) of the nodules did not exhibit local tumor progression. However, 1 nodule(2%) was associated with a local tumor progression found 636 d after RFA. For the 187 typical HCCs, 46(24.6%) of the nodules exhibited local recurrence after RFA. The follow-up period until the local tumor progression of typical HCC was a median of 605 d, ranging from 181 to 1741 d. Among the cases with typical HCCs, local tumor progression had occurred in 7.0%(7/187), 16.0%(30/187), 21.9%(41/187) and 24.6%(46/187) of the cases at 1, 2, 3 and 4 years, respectively. Pathologically early HCC was statistically associated with a lower rate of local tumor progression, compared with typical HCC, when evaluated using a log-rank test(P = 0.002). CONCLUSION The rate of local tumor progression for pathologically early HCCs after RFA was significa

关键词： Early hepatocellular carcinoma Local tumor progression Radiofrequency ablation Ablative margin Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography

Effectiveness of entecavir in preventing hepatocellular carcinoma development is genotype-dependent in hepatitis B virus-associated liver cirrhosis

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World Journal of Hepatology 2021年第1期13卷 144-150页

作者： Kazuo Tarao Akito Nozaki Makoto Chuma Masataka Taguri shin maeda Department of Gastroenterology Tarao’s Gastroenterological ClinicYokohama City 241-0821Japan Gastroenterological Center Yokohama City University Medical CenterYokohama 232-0024Japan Department of Data Science Yokohama City University School of Data ScienceYokohama 236-0004Japan Division of Gastroenterology Yokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohama 236-0004Japan

BACKGROUND The oral nucleos(t)ide analogue,entecavir(ETV)was demonstrated to reduce the rate of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in patients with hepatitis B virus(HBV)-associated liver ***,the reduction of HCC differs in various regions of the *** To investigate the reduction of HCC development due to ETV therapy by *** We surveyed the differences in HCC development following ETV treatment based on published articles using PubMed(2004-2019).RESULTS The regions with the most marked reduction in HCC development due to ETV therapy were Spain(1.0%/year)and Canada(Southern part,1.3%/year),and the most ineffective areas were South Korea(3.6%-3.8%/year),China(3.3%/year),Taiwan(2.4%-3.1%/year),and Hong Kong(2.8%/year).Following ETV administration,the incidence of HCC in genotype D regions(1.89%±0.28%/year,mean±SE)was significantly lower than that in genotype C regions(2.91%±0.24%/year,P<0.01).With regard to the initial HBV-DNA level,in genotype C patients(average:5.61 Log10IU/mL)this was almost the same as that in genotype D patients(average:5.46 Log10IU/mL).Moreover,there was no association between the prevalence ratio of HBV and the incidence of HCC on ETV *** The effectiveness of ETV in preventing HCC development in HBV-associated liver cirrhosis is genotype-dependent.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Entecavir Genotype of hepatitis B virus Oral nucleos(t)ide analogue

Endoscopic diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第26期18卷 3477-3478页

作者： Tomoyuki Akiyama Yusuke Sekino Hiroshi Iida Shigeru Koyama Eiji Gotoh shin maeda Atsushi Nakajima Masahiko Inamori Department of Gastroenterology Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo HospitalTokyo 150-0013Japan Gastroenterology Division Yokohama City University HospitalYokohama 2360004Japan Department of Medical Education Yokohama City University School of MedicineYokohama 2360004Japan Office of Postgraduate Medical Education Yokohama City University HospitalYokohama 2360004Japan

The Prague C and M Criteria have been developed for the objective endoscopic diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus(BE).BE arises between the squamocolumnar junction and the gastroesophageal junction at the proximal margin of the gastric *** this study,we reported that 43.0% of the subjects examined were diagnosed with BE based on the Prague C and M *** criticism by John Dent proposed that our data should be considered invalid because the prevalence of BE reported in our study was extraordinarily high and discordant with previous *** predicted that the position of the gastroesophageal junction in our study was judged to be lower than the actual position due to the effacement of the proximal ends of the gastric folds because of the routine use of a high degree of air distension during typical Japanese endoscopic *** endoscopic evaluation of the superior gastric folds is certainly influenced by the degree of air distension of the ***,in our study,the proximal limit of the gastric mucosal folds was prospectively imaged while the oesophagus was minimally ***,under a high level of air distension,the distal ends of the palisade-shaped longitudinal vessels were imaged because they are more easily observed when *** the majority of patients,the distal ends of the palisade-shaped longitudinal vessels correspond to the proximal limit of the gastric mucosal *** endoscopic evaluation was appropriately performed according to the Prague C and M *** suspect that the high prevalence of BE in our study may be due to the inclusion of ultrashort-segment BE,which defines BE with an affected mucosal length under 5 mm,in our positive results.

关键词： Barrett's esophagus Gastroesophagealjunction Squamocolumnar junction Digital endoscopicimages Endoscopy

Postoperative bleeding in patients on antithrombotic therapy after gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第30期23卷 5557-5566页

作者： Chiko Sato Kingo Hirasawa Ryonho Koh Ryosuke Ikeda Takehide Fukuchi Ryosuke Kobayashi Hiroaki Kaneko Makomo Makazu shin maeda Endoscopy Division Yokohama City University Medical Center Department of Gastroenterology Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine

To investigated the relationship between postoperative bleeding following gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and individual antithrombotic agents. METHODSA total of 2488 gastric neoplasms in 2148 consecutive patients treated between May 2001 and June 2016 were studied. The antithrombotic agents were categorized into antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants, and other antithrombotic agents, and we included combination therapies [e.g., dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT)]. The risk factors associated with post-ESD bleeding, namely, antithrombotic agents overall, individual antithrombotic agents, withdrawal or continuation of antithrombotic agents, and bleeding onset period (during the first six days or thereafter), were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTSThe en bloc resection and complete curative resection rates were 99.2% and 91.9%, respectively. Postoperative bleeding occurred in 5.1% cases. Bleeding occurred in 10.3% of the patients administered antithrombotic agents. Being male (P = 0.007), specimen size (P < 0.001), and antithrombotic agent used (P < 0.001) were independent risk factors for postoperative bleeding. Heparin bridging therapy (HBT) (P = 0.002) and DAPT/multidrug combinations (P < 0.001) were independent risk factors associated with postoperative bleeding. The bleeding rate of the antithrombotic agent continuation group was significantly higher than that of the withdrawal group (P < 0.01). Bleeding within postoperative day (POD) 6 was significantly higher in warfarin (P = 0.015), and bleeding after POD 7 was significantly higher in DAPT/multidrug combinations (P = 0.007). No thromboembolic events were reported. CONCLUSIONWe must closely monitor patients administered HBT and DAPT/multidrug combinations after gastric ESD, particularly those administered multidrug combinations after discharge.

关键词： Gastric cancer Endoscopic submucosal dissection Postoperative hemorrhages Antithrombotic agent Heparin

Is hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy effective treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma resistant to transarterial chemoembolization?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第16期18卷 1933-1939页

作者： Hiroyuki Kirikoshi Masato Yoneda Hironori Mawatari Koji Fujita Kento Imajo shingo Kato Kaori Suzuki Noritoshi Kobayashi Kensuke Kubota shin maeda Atsushi Nakajima Satoru Saito Gastroenterology Division Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine3-9 Fuku-uraKanazawakuYokohama 236-0004Japan

AIM:To evaluate the effectiveness of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy(HAIC) for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) resistant to transarterial chemoembolization(TACE).METHODS:This study was conducted on 42 patients who received HAIC for advanced HCC between 2001and 2010 at our hospital.5-fluorouracil(5-FU) was administered continuously for 24 h from day 1 to day 5 every 2-4 wk via an injection ***-arterial cisplatin or subcutaneous interferon was administered in combination with the *** patients enrolled in this retrospective study were divided into two groups according to whether or not they fulfilled the criteria for resistance to TACE proposed by the Japan Society of Hepatology in 2010(written in Japanese);one group of patients who did not fulfill the criteria for TACE resistance(group A,n = 23),and another group who fulfilled the criteria for TACE resistance(group B,n = 19).We compared the outcomes in terms of the response and survival rates between the two ***:Both the response rate and tumor suppression rate following HAIC were significantly superior in group A than in group B(response rate:48% vs 16%,P = 0.028,tumor suppression rate:87% vs 53%,P = 0.014).Furthermore,both the progression-free survival rate and survival time were significantly superior in group A than in group B(3-,6-,12-,and 24-mo = 83%,70%,29% and 20% vs 63%,42%,16% and 0%,respectively,P = 0.040,and 9.8 mo vs 6.2 mo,P = 0.040).A multivariate analysis(Cox proportional hazards regression model) showed that resistance to TACE was an independent predictor of poor survival(P = 0.007).CONCLUSION:HAIC administrating 5-FU was not effective against advanced HCC resistant to *** tools for treatment,i.e.,molecular-targeting agents may be considered for these cases.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy 5-fluorouracil Transarterial chemoembolization

Third-look endoscopy prevents delayed bleeding after endoscopic submucosal dissection under antithrombotic therapy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第41期26卷 6475-6487页

作者： Ryosuke Ikeda Kingo Hirasawa Chiko Sato Yuichiro Ozeki Atsushi Sawada Masafumi Nishio Takehide Fukuchi Ryosuke Kobayashi Makomo Makazu Masataka Taguri shin maeda Endoscopy Division Yokohama City University Medical CenterYokohama 232-0024Japan Endoscopy Division Yokohama Medical University Center HospitalYokohama 232-0024Japan Department of Data Science Yokohama City University School of Data ScienceYokohama 236-0004Japan Division of Gastroenterology Yokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohama 236-0004Japan

BACKGROUND Postoperative delayed bleeding(PDB) after gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) is the most common adverse event in patients receiving antithrombotics even with second-look endoscopy. Moreover, with the increasing prevalence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in an aging population with associated lifestyle-related diseases, an increasing number of patients receive antithrombotics. Several attempts have been made to prevent PDB in aging population;however, a consensus has yet to be *** To examine the efficacy of third-look endoscopy(TLE) for PDB *** One hundred patients with early gastric neoplasms receiving antithrombotics were prospectively enrolled and subjected to ESD with TLE between February 2017 and July 2019. The primary endpoint was PDB rate, which was compared with our preset threshold. Furthermore, we divided the bleeding period into early-and late-onset PDB(E-PDB and L-PDB, respectively) and analyzed its rate. As a secondary analysis, we compared PDB rates with those of a historical control group, using propensity score matching, and calculated the PDB rates per antithrombotic agent use in each *** In total, 96 patients and 114 specimens were finally evaluated. The overall PDB rate was 7.9%(9/114) [90%CI: 4.7-13.1, P = 0.005], while the late-and early-onset PDB rates(L-PDB and E-PDB) were 5.3% [90%CI: 2.7-9.9, P < 0.0001] and 2.6% [90%CI: 1.1-6.4, P = 0.51], respectively. Propensity score matching generated 58 matched pairs for TLE and control groups. No differences were found in overall PDB incidence(10.3% vs 20.7%, P = 0.12), whereas L-PDB occurrence significantly differed(5.2% vs 17.2%, P = 0.04) between groups. Considering antithrombotics' use, the overall PDB rate was higher for direct oral anticoagulants and multiple antithrombotics in the control group, while L-PDB incidence was lower in the TLE group for these agents(8.7% vs 23.1% and 5.0% vs 29.4%, respectively).CONCLUSION TLE for g

关键词： Endoscopic submucosal dissection Postoperative delayed bleeding Third look endoscopy Antithrombotic agents Late phase bleeding Phase II

NF-κB and ERK-signaling pathways contribute to the gene expression induced by cag PAI-positive-Helicobacter pylori infection

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第39期11卷 6134-6143页

作者： Wataru Shibata Yoshihiro Hirata Haruhiko Yoshida Motoyuki Otsuka Yujin Hoshida Keiji Ogura shin maeda Tomoya Ohmae Ayako Yanai Yuzo Mitsuno Naohiko Seki Takao Kawabe Masao Omata Department of Gastroenterology Graduate School of Medicine University of TokyoJapan Department of Functional Genomics Graduate School of Medicine University of ChibaJapan

AIM： To elucidate the sequential gene expression profile in AGS cells co-cultured with wild-type Helicobacter pylori （H pylon） as a model of Hpylori-infected gastric epithelium, and to further examine the contribution of cag-pathogenicity islands （cagPAI）-coding type IV secretion system and the two pathways, nuclear factor kappa B （NF-κB） and extracellular signal-regulated kinases （ERK） on wild-type Hpylori-induced gene expression. METHODS： Gene expression profiles induced by Hpylori were evaluated in AGS gastric epithelial cells using cDNA microarray, which were present in the 4600 independent clones picked up from the human gastric tissue. We also analyzed the contribution of NF-κB and ERK signaling on H pylori-induced gene expression by using inhibitors of specific signal pathways. The isogenic mutant with disrupted cagE （△cagE） was used to elucidate the role of cagPAI-encoding type IV secretion system in the gene expression profile. RESULTS： According to the expression profile, the genes were classified into four clusters. Among them, the clusters characterized by continuous upregulation were most conspicuous, and it contained many signal transducer activity-associated genes. The role of cagPAI on cultured cells was also investigated using isogenic mutant cagE, which carries non-functional cagPAI. Then the upregulation of more than 80% of the induced genes （476/566） was found to depend on cagPAI. Signal transducer pathway through NF-κB or ERK are the major pathways which are known to be activated by cagPAI-positive H pylori. The role of these pathways in the whole signal activation by cagPAI-positive H pyloriwas analyzed. The specific inhibitors against NF-κB or ERK pathway blocked the activation of gene expression in 65% （367/566） or 76% （429/566） of the genes whose activation appealed to depend on cagPAI. CONCLUSION： These results suggest that more than half of the genes induced by cayPAI-positive H pylori depend on NF-κB and ERK signaling activation, and thes

关键词： Helicobacter pylort, Cag-pathogenicity islands cDNA microarray, Cluster analysis Signal transduction