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Evolved to adapt： A computational approach to animal innovation and creativity

Current Zoology 2015年第2期61卷 350-367页

作者： Oren KOLODNY shimon EDELMAN Arnon LOTEM Department of Zoology Faculty of Life Sciences Tel-Aviv University Tel-Aviv 69978 Israel Department of Psychology Comell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA. Department of Biology Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA

The production of novel behavioral sequences that gives rise to animal innovation and creativity is one of the most intriguing aspects of behavioral evolution. Numerous studies have recently documented the abundance and diversity of innova- tive and creative behaviors between and within species, yet the ability to innovate or to act creatively has mainly been described and quantified as a measure of animals＇ cognitive ability without explicit reference to cognitive mechanisms that may account for these behaviors. Here we discuss the creative process from a computational point of view and suggest such a mechanistic frame- work. In light of recent research on human creativity, animal learning, and animal problem solving, we suggest that animal crea- tivity is best understood as the production of context-appropriate novel behavioral sequences, which may be facilitated by the ability to learn the regularities in the environment and to represent them hierarchically, allowing for generalization. We present a cognitive framework that we recently developed, which employs domain-general mechanisms and has been used in the modeling of a range of sequential behaviors, from animal foraging to language acquisition, and apply it to behavioral innovation. In a series of simulations, we show how innovation and creative behavior can be produced by this learning mechanism, as it constructs a network representing the statistical regularities of the environment. We use the simulations to demonstrate the role of particular cognitive parameters in this process and to highlight the effects of the learning dynamics and individual experience on creativity

关键词： Creativity Innovation Evolution Learning Animal innovation Behavioral evolution

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Graphene foam resonators:Fabrication and characterization

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Nano Research 2022年第1期15卷 225-229页

作者： Yahav Ben-shimon Siva KReddy Assaf Ya'akobovitz Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering SciencesBen-Gurion University of the NegevIsrael

Three-dimensional graphene foams(GFs)benefit from a large surface area and unique physical *** present here the first-ever miniaturized GF-based *** developed a simple yet reliable fabrication process,in which GFs are synthesized and assembled on a cavity to form suspended GF *** electrostatically excited these devices and analyzed their resonance and ring-down *** observed significant energy dissipation,as the quality factor of the devices was in the order of several ***,we investigated the influence of temperature on the operation of the devices and found that high temperatures mechanically soften the resonators but also considerably enhance energy ***,our devices demonstrated a mode-coupling of a resonance mode and a mode having twice its ***,this work paves the way toward the development of novel GF resonators that could be integrated into future devices,such as GF-based nano-electromechanical sensors,electrical circuits,and oscillators.

关键词： energy dissipation graphene foam micro/nano electromechanical systems three-dimensional graphene resonators

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Successful treatment of acute relapse of chronic eosinophilic pneumonia with benralizumab and without corticosteroids:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第18期10卷 6105-6109页

作者： shimon Izhakian Barak Pertzov Dror Rosengarten Mordechai R Kramer Pulmonary Institute Rabin Medical CenterPetach Tikva 49100Israel Affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv UniversityRamat AvivIsrael

BACKGROUND Currently,the mainstay of chronic eosinophilic pneumonia(CEP)treatment is corticosteroids,usually with a favorable response and good ***,relapse is common,requiring long-term use of corticosteroids,with risk of significant treatment-related *** dire need to develop new treatments for patients with CEP,who are dependent on,or resistant to corticosteroids has led to exploring novel *** herein describe a patient with acute relapse of CEP,who was successfully treated with benralizumab,an IL-5 Rαantagonist that has demonstrated rapid anti-eosinophil action in patients with ***,only three recent patient reports on CEP relapse,also demonstrated successful treatment with benralizumab alone,without *** SUMMARY A 31-year-old non-smoking woman presented in our hospital with a 3 wk history of shortness of breath,dry cough and fever up to 38.3℃.Laboratory examination revealed leukocytosis 10240 K/μL,eosinophilia 900 K/μL and normal values of hemoglobin,platelets,creatinine and liver *** tomography of the chest showed a mediastinal lymphadenopathy and consolidations in the right upper and left lower *** was diagnosed,and the patient was treated with hydrocortisone intravenously,followed by oral prednisone,with prompt *** months later,she presented with relapse of CEP:aggravation of dyspnea,rising of eosinophilia and extension of pulmonary infiltrates on chest *** was treated with benralizumab only,with clinical improvement within 2 wk,and complete resolution of lung infiltrates following 5 *** Due to Benralizumab’s dual mechanism of action,it both neutralizes IL-5 Rαpro-eosinophil functions and triggers apoptosis of *** therefore maintain benralizumab can serve as a reasonable therapy choice for every patient with chronic eosinophilic pneumonia and a good alternative for corticosteroids.

关键词： Benralizumab Eosinophilic pneumonia Interstitial lung disease Corticosteroid withdrawal Case report

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Short-term outcomes of mitomycin C-augmented excisional bleb revision with capsulectomy for failed Ahmed glaucoma valve

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2022年第6期15卷 947-953页

作者： Bar Davidov shimon Kurtz Ilona Mohilevtseva Michael Waisbourd Rony Rachmiel Glaucoma Center Department of OphthalmologyTel Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterAffiliated to the Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv 64239Israel

AIM: To report short-term outcomes of mitomycin C-augmented excisional bleb revision with capsulectomy(ERC) after Ahmed glaucoma valve(AGV) ***: Patients who underwent ERC procedures between January 2017 and December 2019 with a minimum follow-up of 6mo were evaluated retrospectively for indications of AGV and AGV implantation to ERC *** number of anti-glaucoma medications(AGMs),intraocular pressure(IOP) and best corrected visual acuity(BCVA) were recorded at baseline, 1, 7, 30, 90, and ***-and postoperative complications were also *** outcome was defined as IOP≤21 mm Hg with or without ***: Fourteen eyes [14 patients, median age 69.5y, interquartile range(IQR) 61.3-80] were *** glaucoma(n=5, 36%) was the most common form of glaucoma. The median AGV implantation to ERC interval was 8.8mo(IQR 3.91-43.67). At 6mo, the median number of AGMs decreased from 3.0(IQR 3.0-4.0)to 2.0(IQR 1.5-3), the median IOP decreased from 26 mm Hg(IQR 22-29) to 16.5 mm Hg(IQR 13.75-20) and there was no significant change in BCVA. The success rate at 6mo was 92.9%. The Kaplan-Meier cumulative probability of survival was 93%, 79%, 64%, and 64% at 1wk, and 1,3, and 6mo, respectively. No intraoperative complications were identified. Postoperative complications were identified in 5 eyes(36%), which were resolved spontaneously during the first week following ***: ERC has a high success rate for shortterm management of AGV failure. A longer follow-up study is required to determine long-term cumulative failure rates.

关键词： glaucoma Ahmed bleb capsulectomy mitomycin C

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监测喷射混凝土的硬化和强度发展的一种新方法(英文)

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硅酸盐学报 2014年第5期42卷 568-573页

作者： David STACKELBERG Boris WILGE shimon BOIKO Concretec Ltd. Yavne 81225 Israel

提出了一种新的监测喷射混凝土硬化和强度发展的方法。该方法在"Modiin-Jerusalem"铁路隧道建设工程中得到了实际应用。其最初目的是用来预测评估混凝土的拆模时间。基于直接测量混凝土构件中的电阻率和温度的发展,估测了隧道结构中混... 详细信息

提出了一种新的监测喷射混凝土硬化和强度发展的方法。该方法在"Modiin-Jerusalem"铁路隧道建设工程中得到了实际应用。其最初目的是用来预测评估混凝土的拆模时间。基于直接测量混凝土构件中的电阻率和温度的发展,估测了隧道结构中混凝土的硬化和强度发展。通过组合分析电阻率和温度的发展曲线,构建了一个通用的"强度--电阻率"关系,并依此开发了用于监测早龄期(24h内)喷射混凝土的硬化和强度发展的算法。这个算法可以用于估算混凝土构件达到一定强度所需要的时间,也可用于评估混凝土搅拌站供应到施工现场的混凝土的性能稳定性。

关键词：监测喷射混凝土电阻率硬化强度发展

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Thin liquid film as an optical nonlinear-nonlocal medium and memory element in integrated optofluidic reservoir computer

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Advanced Photonics 2022年第4期4卷 56-67页

作者： Chengkuan Gao Prabhav Gaur shimon Rubin Yeshaiahu Fainman University of California San DiegoDepartment of Electrical and Computer EngineeringLa JollaCaliforniaUnited States

Understanding light–matter interaction lies at the core of our ability to harness physical effects and to translate them into new capabilities realized in modern integrated photonics ***,we present the design and characterization of optofluidic components in an integrated photonics platform and computationally predict a series of physical effects that rely on thermocapillary-driven interaction between waveguide modes and topography changes of optically thin liquid dielectric *** results indicate that this coupling introduces substantial self-induced phase change and transmittance change in a single channel waveguide,transmittance through the Bragg grating waveguide,and nonlocal interaction between adjacent *** then employ the self-induced effects together with the inherent built-in finite relaxation time of the liquid film,to demonstrate that the light-driven deformation can serve as a reservoir computer capable of performing digital and analog tasks,where the gas–liquid interface operates both as a nonlinear actuator and as an optical memory element.

关键词： light-liquid interaction optofluidics nanophotonics silicon photonics reservoir computing thermocapillary effect

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Unexpected FDG-PET uptake in the gastrointestinal tract:Endoscopic and histopathological correlations

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第15期20卷 4377-4381页

作者： Goldin Eran Mahamid Mahmud Koslowsky Benjamin Shteingart shimon Dubner Yael Lalazar Gadi Wengrower Dov Digestive Diseases Institute Shaare Zedek Medical CenterAffiliated with the Hebrew University School of MedicineJerusaleml 91031Israel Department of Gastroenterology Hadassah University HospitalJerusaleml 91031Israel

AIM: To investigate the nature and significance of unexpected positron emission tomography with fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG-PET) uptake within the gastrointestinal tract (GIT).

关键词： Positron emission tomography with fluorodeoxyglucose Gastrointestinal tract Malignancy Endoscopy Unexpected findings

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Role of home monitoring with iCare ONE rebound tonometer in glaucoma patients management

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2021年第3期14卷 405-408页

作者： Eldar Rosenfeld Gilad Rabina Dana Barequet Michael Mimouni Naomi Fischer shimon Kurtz Department of Ophthalmology Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterAffiliated to the Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv 64239Israel Department of Ophthalmology Rambam Health Care CarmpusAffiliated to Ruth Rappaport Faculty of MedicineTechnion-lsrael Institute of TechnologyHaifa 3109601Israel

AIM: To evaluate intraocular pressure(IOP) measurements and fluctuations using the i Care ONE rebound tonometer(RT-ONE), during home monitoring, in diagnosed and suspected glaucoma ***: A retrospective case series of consecutive patients with known glaucoma or glaucoma suspects who were followed-up and treated between January 2016 and January 2017. The study included 80 eyes of 40 patients with a mean age of 59.1±14.6 y(range, 24-78). All patients have undergone 4-5 d of IOP home monitoring with RT-ONE at morning, noon, afternoon, and night ***: Baseline mean IOP, as measured in the clinic(8 a.m.-12 p.m.), was 17.4±5.1 mm Hg, compared to RT-ONE home monitoring mean IOP of 15.6±4.1 mm Hg(P=0.002). Mean IOP was significantly lower at noon, afternoon and night times compared to clinic measured IOP and morning measurements(P=0.005). IOP peak measured during home monitoring was significantly higher compared to the clinic measured IOP(21.3±5.6 mm Hg and 17.4±5.1 mm Hg, P<0.001). IOP peaks during home monitoring demonstrated a majority of 47 peaks during morning measurements, compared to 23 at noon, 19 at afternoon and only 12 at night(P<0.001). The home monitoring results led to treatment modification of 44 eyes(55%), treatment regime was insufficient for 40(50%) ***: Home monitoring IOP with RT-ONE can provide good assessment of mean IOP, IOP fluctuations and peaks throughout the hours of the day, which lead to an accurate treatment for glaucoma patients.

关键词： glaucoma intraocular pressure home monitoring iCare ONE peak

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Etiology and long-term outcome of extrahepatic portal vein obstruction in children

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第39期16卷 4968-4972页

作者： Batia Weiss Eyal Shteyer Asaf Vivante Drora Berkowitz shimon Reif Zvi Weizman Yoram Bujanover Rivka Shapiro Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionEdmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel-Aviv University Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionHadassah Medical CenterThe Hebrew University School of Medicine Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionMeyer Children's HospitalRambam Medical Center Rappaport School of Medicine TechnionIsrael Institute of Technology Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionDana Children's HospitalSouraski Medical Center Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionSoroka Medical Center Faculty of Health Sciences Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Division of Pediatric TransplantationSchneider Children's Hospital

AIM:To study the management and outcome of children with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction(EHPVO) in a whole country ***:A nationwide multicenter retrospective case series of children with EHPVO was *** on demographics,radiographic studies,laboratory workup,endoscopic and surgical procedures,growth and development,were extracted from the patients' *** of clinical presentation,etiology of EHPVO,management and outcome were ***:Thirty patients,13 males and 17 females,19(63.3%) Israeli and 11(36.7%) Palestinians,were included in the *** at presentation was 4.8± 4.6 years,and mean follow-up was 4.9±4.3 *** anomalies were found in 4 *** incidence of EHPVO in Israeli children aged 0-14 years was 0.72/*** factors for EHPVO were detected in 13(43.3%)patients,including 9 patients(30%) with perinatal risk factors,and 4 patients(13.3%) with prothrombotic states:two had low levels of protein S and C,one had lupus anticoagulant,and one was homozygous for methyltetrahydrofolate reductase *** 56.6% of patients,no predisposing factors were *** most common presenting symptoms were an incidental finding of splenomegaly(43.3%),and upper gastrointestinal bleeding(40%).No differences were found between Israeli and Palestinian children with regard to age at presentation,etiology and clinical *** occurred in 18 patients(60%),at a median age of 3 *** or esophageal banding was performed in 20 *** sclerotherapy complications were *** shunts were performed in 11 patients(36.6%),at a median age of 11(range 3-17)years:splenorenal in 9,mesocaval in 1,and a meso-Rex shunt in 1 *** patient underwent splenectomy due to severe *** were followed up for a median of 3(range 0.5-15)*** patient died aged 3 years due to mucopolysaccharidase deficiency type Ⅲ.None of the patients died due to gastrointestin

关键词： Children Extrahepatic Obstruction Outcome Portal Vein

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Subnanometer imaging and controlled dynamical patterning of thermocapillary driven deformation of thin liquid films

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Light(Science & Applications) 2019年第1期8卷 515-525页

作者： shimon Rubin Brandon Hong Yeshaiahu Fainman Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of CaliforniaSan Diego9500 Gilman Dr.La JollaCA 92023USA

Exploring and controlling the physical factors that determine the topography of thin liquid dielectric films are of interest in manifold fields of research in physics,applied mathematics,and engineering and have been a key aspect of many technological *** of thin liquid dielectric film topography and local thickness measurements are essential tools for characterizing and interpreting the underlying ***,achieving high sensitivity with respect to subnanometric changes in thickness via standard optical methods is *** propose a combined imaging and optical patterning projection platform that is capable of optically inducing dynamical flows in thin liquid dielectric films and plasmonically resolving the resulting changes in topography and *** particular,we employ the thermocapillary effect in fluids as a novel heat-based method to tune plasmonic resonances and visualize dynamical processes in thin liquid dielectric *** presented results indicate that lightinduced thermocapillary flows can form and translate droplets and create indentation patterns on demand in thin liquid dielectric films of subwavelength thickness and that plasmonic microscopy can image these fluid dynamical processes with a subnanometer sensitivity along the vertical direction.

关键词： films dielectric liquid

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