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Tree-based ecosystem services supply and multifunctionality of church forests and their agricultural matrix near Lake Tana,Ethiopia

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Forest Ecosystems 2023年第6期10卷 656-667页

作者： Ferehiwot Mequanint Tobias Fremout Diederik Strubbe Alemayehu Wassie shimelis aynalem Enyew Adgo Jan Nyssen Amaury Frankl Luc Lens Bart Muys Department of Wildlife and Ecotourism Management Bahir Dar UniversityBahir DarEthiopia Terrestrial Ecology Unit Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium Division Forest Natureand LandscapeKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium Alliance Biodiversity International–CIAT LimaPeru Organization for Rehabilitation and Development in Amhara Bahir DarEthiopia Department of Natural Resource Management Bahir Dar UniversityBahir DarEthiopia Department of Geography Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium INRAE AMAPIRDCIRADCNRSUniversity MontpellierBld de La Lironde34398Montpellier Cedex 5France

Ecosystem services(ES)are the connection between nature and society,and are essential for the well-being of local communities that depend on them.In Ethiopia,church forests and the surrounding agricultural matrix supply numerous ES.However,the ES delivered by both land use types have not yet been assessed simultaneously.Here we surveyed both church forests and their agricultural matrices,aiming to quantify,compare and unravel the drivers underlying tree-based ES supply,density and multifunctionality.We found that almost all church forests and half of the agricultural matrices provided high ES densities.ES multifunctionality was higher in the agricultural matrices,suggesting that people deliberately conserve or plant multifunctional tree species.Furthermore,the supply of all categories of ES was positively correlated with church forest age(p-value<0.001)in the agricultural matrix,while the extent of church forest was positively correlated with the density of all categories ecosystem services score in the church forests(p-value<0.001).Our results can be used to prioritize conservation efforts at sites that provide high levels of ES supply,ES density and ES multifunctionality,and to prioritize restoration efforts at sites with low levels thereof.

关键词： Church forest Remnant forest Provisioning service Regulating service Cultural service Multifunctionality Key informant interview Agricultural matrix

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Children emotional and behavioural problems and its association with maternal depression in Jimma town, southwest Ethiopia

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General Psychiatry 2020年第4期33卷 201-208页

作者： Arefayne Alenko shimelis Girma Mubarek Abera Abdulhalik Workicho Psychiatry Jimma University College of Public Health and Medical SciencesJimmaEthiopia Epidemiology Jimma University College of Public Health and Medical SciencesJimmaEthiopia

Background In sub-Saharan countries,one in five children and one in three women experiences emotional and behavioural problems(EBPs)and depression,respectively.While various factors were reported to affect the mental health of children,little is known about the impact of maternal depression on the offspring.Moreover,the magnitude of children’s EBPs is barely known in Ethiopia.Aim To determine the magnitude of child EBPs and its association with maternal depression in Jimma town,southwest Ethiopia.Methods A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted among 734 mother-child pairs in Jimma town from January to June,2019.EBP was assessed by using the parent version of Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire(SDQ)with cut-off score of>14.Maternal depression was assessed using Patient Health Questionnaire-9 with a cut-off score of>10.Data were entered into Epidata V.3.1 and exported to SPSS V.24 for analysis.Multivariable logistic regression was fitted to identify the strength of association between exposure and outcome variables.Results Of the 734 participants,146(19.9%,95%Cl:16.9%to 22.9%)met EBP criteria based on parent version of SDQ.Maternal depression had significant association with child EBP(adjusted 0R=2.38,95%Cl:1.55 to 3.66).In addition,children aged 7-10 years,family size categories of<3 and 4-6,maternal intimate partner violence and maternal khat use had significant association with child EBP.Conclusions and recommendations A significant number of children suffer from EBP in Jimma town.Maternal depression is found to be a predictor of children's EBPs.Thus,there is a need to design and implement an integrated maternal and child mental health programme.The maternal and child health section at the national level should integrate and cascade routine maternal and child mental health screening and intervention modalities down to the family healthcare system.

关键词： routine southwest behaviour

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Genotype-by-environment interaction for grain yield among novel cowpea(Vigna unguiculata L.) selections derived by gamma irradiation

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The Crop Journal 2018年第3期6卷 306-313页

作者： Lydia Horn Hussein shimelis Fatma Sarsu Learnmore Mwadzingeni Mark D.Laing African Centre for Crop Improvement University of Kwa Zulu-Natal Directorate of Research and Training Plant Production ResearchMinistry of AgricultureWater and Forestry Plant Breeding and Genetics Section Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture

This study determined the effects of genotype-by-environment(G × E) interaction and stability of yield among elite cowpea(Vigna unguiculata L.) selections derived by gamma irradiation. The study was conducted in Namibia at three selected sites: Bagani, Mannheim,and Omahenene, during 2014/2015 and 2015/2016. Thirty-four newly developed mutant genotypes and three local checks were evaluated using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Grain yield data were analyzed using the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction(AMMI) and the genotype main effect plus genotype-by-environment interaction(GGE) biplot methods. The AMMI and GGE biplot models explained 77.49% and 75.57% of total observed genotypic variation, respectively.Bagani and Omahenene were the environments best discriminating the test genotypes during 2014/2015 and 2015/2016, respectively. Four promising mutant genotypes: G9(Sh L3 P74), G10(Sh R3 P4), G12(Sh R9 P5), and G4(Sh L2 P4), showed wide adaptation and grain yields of 2.83, 2.06, 1.99, and 1.95 t ha^(-1), respectively. The novel mutant lines are useful genetic resources for production or future cowpea breeding programs in Namibia or similar environments.

关键词： AMMI Cowpea Genotype by environment interaction GGE biplot Mutants

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Genetic analysis of the maximum germination distance of Striga under Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.strigae biocontrol in sorghum

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第7期17卷 1585-1593页

作者： Emmanuel Mrema Hussein shimelis Mark Laing Learnmore Mwadzingeni University of Kwa Zulu-Natal/African Centre for Crop Improvement Scottsville 3209South Africa Tumbi Agricultural Research Institute TaboraTanzania

Maximum germination distance（MGD） is an important component of Striga resistance in sorghum. The objective of this study was to determine gene action influencing MGD of Striga hermonthica and Striga asiatica among selected sorghum lines treated with a biocontrol agent, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. strigae（FOS） for effective breeding with Striga resistance, and FOS compatibility. Twelve sorghum genotypes were selected based on their Striga resistance, FOS compatibility, and superior agronomic performance. Selected genotypes were crossed using a bi-parental mating design to generate six families for genetic analysis. Agar-gel assays were used to determine low haustorium initiation factor（LHF） using the 12 parental lines, their F_1 progenies, backcross derivatives, and F_2 segregants in two sets. One set had S. hermonthica seed and the other one had S. asiatica seed. Both were treated with and without FOS. Genotypes were evaluated using a split-plot design with three replications and MGD data were recorded followed by generation mean analysis. FOS reduced MGD by 1cm under both S. hermonthica and S. asiatica infestations. Additive, dominance, and epistatic gene actions were involved in the control of MGD of the two Striga species in the evaluated populations. On average, the relative contribution of additive, additive×additive and dominance×dominance genetic effects on the MGD of S. hermonthica and S. asiatica, with FOS, were 20, 33, and 36%; and 21, 32, and 35%, respectively. Breeding methods exploiting these genetic effects may provide enhanced response to selection for Striga resistance and FOS compatibility in integrated Striga management（ISM） programmes.

关键词： Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. strigae genetic effect integrated Stnga management maximum germination distance sorghum

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Breeding wheat for drought tolerance： Progress and technologies

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第5期15卷 935-943页

作者： Learnmore Mwadzingeni Hussein shimelis Ernest Dube Mark D Laing Toi J Tsilo College of Agriculture Engineering and Science University of KwaZulu-Natal/African Centre for Crop Improvement Scottsville 3209 South Africa Agricultural Research Council-Small Grain Institute (ARC-SGI) Bethlehem 9700 South Africa

Recurrent drought associated with climate change is among the principal constraints to global productivity of wheat（Triticum aestivum（L.） and T. turgidum（L.））. Numerous efforts to mitigate drought through breeding resilient varieties are underway across the world. Progress is, however, hampered because drought tolerance is a complex trait that is controlled by many genes and its full expression is affected by the environment. Furthermore, wheat has a structurally intricate and large genome. Consequently, breeding for drought tolerance requires the integration of various knowledge systems and methodologies from multiple disciplines in plant sciences. This review summarizes the progress made in dry land wheat improvement, advances in knowledge, complementary methodologies, and perspectives towards breeding for drought tolerance in the crop to create a coherent overview. Phenotypic, biochemical and genomics-assisted selection methodologies are discussed as leading research components used to exploit genetic variation. Advances in phenomic and genomic technologies are highlighted as options to circumvent existing bottlenecks in phenotypic and genomic selection, and gene transfer. The prospects of further integration of these technologies with other omics technologies are also provided.

关键词： drought tolerance genomic selection genotyping phenotyping wheat

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南非COVID-19流行趋势的SIR预测以及与中国湖北的比较研究

南非COVID-19流行趋势的SIR预测以及与中国湖北的比较研究

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作者： shimelis Abera Zewdie（左迪）辽宁大学

学位级别：硕士

2019年12月下旬,在湖北省武汉市首次发现了2019新型冠状病毒疾病(COVID-19),此后,该疾病在全球范围内迅速传播,并在2020年3月上旬升级至全球大流行。与其他国家相比,COVID-19在非洲国家的传播情况有所不同。本文根据COVID-19的蔓延趋势...

2019年12月下旬,在湖北省武汉市首次发现了2019新型冠状病毒疾病(COVID-19),此后,该疾病在全球范围内迅速传播,并在2020年3月上旬升级至全球大流行。与其他国家相比,COVID-19在非洲国家的传播情况有所不同。本文根据COVID-19的蔓延趋势,使用了数据驱动的SIR(Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered)模型对COVID-19在南非的传播情况进行了预测,并与湖北省进行了比较。本研究使用的是John Hopkins University提供的公开的COVID-19数据集。人群的动态变化和COVID-19病毒传染性的变化都可能影响COVID-19的传播。本研究用SIR模型预测了COVID-19在南非和湖北省的爆发峰值。到2020年3月为止,仍然缺乏可靠的安全治疗措施,因此,个体的免疫起着至关重要的作用。一般而言,在新冠患者中,老年患者的死亡率较高。就COIVD-19而言,处于潜伏期的患者能够轻易感染易感个体。要建立可信度高的预测模型,则需要综合考虑这些要点。本研究所建立的模型可以预测COVID-19在南非和湖北省的传播情况。结合COVID-19在这些地区爆发的峰值和一些其他数值,可以估计出疾病的传播时间。

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Common Bean Germplasm Diversity Study for Cold Tolerance in Ethiopia

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第13期5卷 1842-1850页

作者： Mulugeta Assefa Beneberu shimelis Somashekhar Punnuri Raghuveer Sripathi Wayne Whitehead Bharat Singh Agricultural Research Station Fort Valley State University Fort Valley USA Department of Agronomy University of Wisconsin Madison USA Haramaya University Dire Dawa Ethiopia

Limited tolerance of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to cold temperatures hinders an additional harvest during the small rainy season crop cycle (February to May) in the Ethiopian highlands that comprise two-thirds of the country. Therefore, identification of cold tolerant common bean genotypes is of paramount importance for the region. Field screening of 99 common bean genotypes originally procured from CIAT (International Center for Tropical Agriculture) was carried out for nine different plant traits associated with crop growth and yield at two locations differing in climates: Dire Dawa-higher daily maximum and minimum temperatures and absence of near zero chilling temperatures from February to May;Haramaya-lower daily maximum and minimum temperatures and occasionally near zero chilling temperatures during this period. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed the existence of significant variation among genotypes for the parameters measured. Principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out to assess the variation and correlation among genotypes for the traits and group them based on their performance at the two locations. The combination of first three principal components explained more than 50% of the genotypic variations. Principal component analysis was also able to discriminate the performance of genotypes between the two locations. It was grouped into at least 17 genotypes that were specific to Haramaya highland location. The results also revealed significant variation in performance among the 17 genotypes. These genotypes are specific to Ethiopian highlands and prominent resources for in-situ conservation of germplasms.

关键词： Cold Tolerance Germpalsm Conservation Common Bean Principal Component Analysis

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Validation of General Climate Models (GCMs) over Upper Blue Nile River Basin, Ethiopia

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2017年第1期7卷 65-75页

作者： Andualem Shigute Bokke Meron Teferi Taye Patrick Willems shimelis Asefu Siyoum Department of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering Jimma Institute of Technology Jimma University Jimma Ethiopia Hydraulics Division Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Leuven Belgium

Potential of climate change impact assessment on hydrology and water resources of rivers is increasing from time to time due to its importance for water resources planning and management in the future. In order to carry out climate change impact studies, using General Climate Models (GCM) is a common practice and before using any of these models, it is essential to validate the models for the selected study area. Blue Nile River is one of the most sensitive rivers towards climate change impacts. The main source of Blue Nile River is Lake Tana where the two adjacent tributary rivers, Ribb & Gumera, are located and the main object of this paper is validation of current 15 GCM outputs (IPCC-AR5) over these two rivers using empirical quantile perturbation downscaling technique. The performance of the downscaled outputs of GCMs were evaluated using statistical indicators and graphical techniques for evapotranspiration, rainfall and temperature variables using observed daily meteorological datasets collected from five stations (Addis Zemen, Bahirdar, Debretabor, Woreta and Yifag) for the control period 1971-2000. Analysis results showed that the correlation coefficient of all models for mean monthly (MM) rainfall are 12% - 45%;and the Bias and RMSE -46 mm to +169 mm and 62 mm to 241 mm, respectively. The Bias and RMSE for MM maximum temperature are -2.5°C to +35°C;and 1°C to 35°C whereas for MM minimum temperature -6°C to +22°C and 1.7°C to 23°C, respectively. For the case of MM evapotranspiration, which is estimated using FAO-Penman-Montheith equation, the Bias and RMSE values vary from -35 mm to +10 mm;and +11 mm to +36 mm, respectively. The variation in the performance level of these models indicates that there is high uncertainty in the GCM outputs. Therefore, to use these GCM models for any climate change studies in the basin, careful selection has to be made.

关键词： Blue Nile Downscaling GCM Validation

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Haptoglobin polymorphism, plasma haptoglobin level and ABO blood group in leprosy patients

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2017年第12期5卷 550-555页

作者： Nigussie Seboka Endashaw Bekele shimelis Nigussie Yonas Bekele Kidist Bobosha Demissew Beyene Department of Microbial Cellular and Molecular Biology Addis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia Armauer Hansen Research Institute(AHRI) Addis AbabaEthiopia Department of Dermatology All Africa Leprosy Tuberculosis Rehabilitation Training HospitalAddis AbabaEthiopia

Objective: To analyze haptoglobin polymorphism, plasma haptoglobin concentration, and ABO blood groups associated with leprosy. Methods: Blood groups were determined using monoclonal anti-A and anti-B. Haptoglobin was genotyped by PCR;plasma haptoglobin concentration was measured by ELISA. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 21 and P-values ≤ 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Results: ABO blood groups in leprosy patients were found to have no significant difference compared to controls and the general population (P > 0.05). The data showed a lower frequency of Hp1-1 (14.6%) and higher frequency of Hp2-2 (25.6%) in leprosy patients compared to healthy controls (23.1% and 19.8%, respectively), without significant association (P = 0.315). The mean of haptoglobin concentration was higher in leprosy patients [(1.32 ± 0.70) mg/mL] than in healthy controls [(1.17 ± 0.67) mg/mL] (P = 0.160). The mean (1.44 mg/mL) and median (1.37 mg/mL) values of haptoglobin concentration were significantly higher in male leprosy patients than in male healthy controls (1.11 mg/mL and 1.11 mg/mL, respectively) (P= 0.018). Independent sample t-test and One-way ANOVA analysis also indicated significant mean elevation of Hp along leprosy spectrum and bacterial index (P < 0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, the study revealed absence of influence of Hp polymorphism and ABO blood groups on leprosy occurrence;however, plasma haptoglobin concentration elevates in leprosy patients and is significantly associated with leprosy spectrum and bacterial loads in patients.

关键词： ABO blood group Haptoglobin concentration Haptoglobin polymorphism Leprosy

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Breeding Sorghum Using Induced Mutations: Future Prospect for Namibia

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2018年第13期9卷 2696-2707页

作者： Maliata Athon Wanga A. Ashok Kumar Grace Nandesora Kangueehi Hussein shimelis Lydia N. Horn Fatma Sarsu Jahanna F. N. Andowa Directorate of Research and Training Ministry of Agriculture Water and Forestry Windhoek Namibia Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources Sciences Namibia University of Science and TechnologyWindhoek Namibia International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) Hyderabad India School of Agriculture Earth and Environmental Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg South Africa Multidisciplinary Research Centre University of Namibia Windhoek Namibia Plant Breeding and Genetics Section Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Vienna International Centre Vienna Austria

In arid and semi-arid regions of the world sorghum stands out as a climate change-ready crop with high potential for the production of food, feed, fodder, fiber and fuel in the face of increasing human population. The present review highlights induced mutation breeding technique as a potential tool for improving sorghum in Namibia. The review discussed the following issues;crop improvement using mutagens, mutant screening, selection and evaluation, impact of induced mutation breeding, factors for declining production and future implication of sorghum mutation breeding. In Namibia, severe drought stress resulting in total crop failure has become frequent. This is partly a consequence of farmers growing crop varieties which cannot withstand impact of drought. As such Namibia has limited drought tolerant varieties available for the diverse agro-ecologies. Farmers keep growing the familiar landraces which performs well in good rainfall years but fails to produce stable yield with irregular and erratic rainfall. Thus, breeding new sorghum varieties of high yield and quality combined with multiple agronomic traits including pest and disease resistance and high efficiency in nutrient and water use is needed. Induced mutation is one of the breeding methods utilized worldwide to supplement conventional breeding for developing superior varieties with desirable traits in different crops. Development of high yielding, drought tolerant, and dwarf sorghums with early maturity enables effective utilization of available soils moisture and in optimizing plant density for achieving higher yield in farmers’ fields. Recombination breeding through exploitation of natural genetic variability and mutation breeding to reduce the plant height without disturbing agronomic superiority of elite lines is recommended for sorghum improvement in Namibia.

关键词： Breeding Induced Mutation Namibia Sorghum

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