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Atlantoaxial rotatory displacement in children

World Journal of Orthopedics 2017年第11期8卷 836-845页

作者： David Spiegel shikshya shrestha Prakash Sitoula Norma Rendon John Dormans Division of Orthopaedic Surgery Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Kathmandu Model Hospital Department of Orthopedics Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Texas Children’s Hospital

AIM To correlate the Pang and Lee class with the clinical course in a consecutive series of patients presenting with painful *** Forty-seven dynamic rotational computed tomography(CT) scans in 35 patients were classified into one of the five types defined by Pang and Li, including types Ⅰ(atlantoaxial rotatopry fixation), Ⅱ("pathologic stickiness" without crossover of C1 on C2), Ⅲ("pathologic stickiness" with crossover of C1 on C2), Ⅳ(normal or muscular torticollis), and Ⅴ(diagnostic grey zone). The Pang and Li class was then compared with the radiologist's report, which was graded abnormal, diagnosis of rotatory subluxation or fixation, or non-diagnostic. Medical records were reviewed and the clinical course was compared among the five *** We reviewed 47 CT scans in 35 patients, and the majority were performed without sedation. The average age was 7.7 years(4-14 years old) and associated conditions included minor trauma(20%), surgical procedures around the head and neck(29%), and Grisels syndrome(20%). Twenty-six percent of our studies fell within the pathologic spectrum(5% type 1 or rotatory fixation, 21% types 2 and 3 or rotatory subluxation), while 45% were classified as muscular torticollis(45%) and 28% fell within the diagnostic grey zone. Seven radiologists interpreted these studies, and their interpretation was discordant in 45% of cases. Clinical resolution occurred in 27 of 29 cases for which follow-up was available. One of two patients with fixed rotatory subluxation required a C1-C2 *** The Pang and Li classification characterizes a spectrum of abnormalities in rotation to facilitate communication, although the indications for dynamic CT scan should be further defined.

关键词： Atlanto-axial rotatory subluxation Atlantoaxial rotatory fixation Dynamic rotational computed tomography Atlanto-axial rotatory displacement

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Multi-Scale Dilated Convolution Network for SPECT-MPI Cardiovascular Disease Classification with Adaptive Denoising and Attenuation Correction

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 299-327页

作者： A.Robert Singh Suganya Athisayamani Gyanendra Prasad Joshi Bhanu shrestha Department of Computational Intelligence SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyKattankulathur603203Tamil NaduIndia School of Computing Sastra Deemed to be UniversityThanjavur613401Tamil NaduIndia Department of Artificial Intelligence&Software Kangwon National UniversitySamcheok25913Republic of Korea Department of Information Convergence System Graduate School of Smart ConvergenceKwangwoon UniversitySeoul01897Republic of Korea

Myocardial perfusion imaging(MPI),which uses single-photon emission computed tomography(SPECT),is a well-known estimating tool for medical diagnosis,employing the classification of images to show situations in coronary artery disease(CAD).The automatic classification of SPECT images for different techniques has achieved near-optimal accuracy when using convolutional neural networks(CNNs).This paper uses a SPECT classification framework with three steps:1)Image denoising,2)Attenuation correction,and 3)Image *** denoising is done by a U-Net architecture that ensures effective image *** correction is implemented by a convolution neural network model that can remove the attenuation that affects the feature extraction process of ***,a novel multi-scale diluted convolution(MSDC)network is *** merges the features extracted in different scales and makes the model learn the features more *** scales of filters with size 3×3 are used to extract *** three steps are compared with state-of-the-art *** proposed denoising architecture ensures a high-quality image with the highest peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR)value of *** proposed classification method is compared with the five different CNN models,and the proposed method ensures better classification with an accuracy of 96%,precision of 87%,sensitivity of 87%,specificity of 89%,and F1-score of 87%.To demonstrate the importance of preprocessing,the classification model was analyzed without denoising and attenuation correction.

关键词： SPECT-MPI CAD MSDC denoising attenuation correction classification

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A Review of Infrared Thermography Applications for Civil Infrastructure

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Structural Durability & Health Monitoring 2025年第2期19卷 193-231页

作者： Prabal shrestha Onur Avci Sahabeddin Rifai Feras Abla Michael Seek Karl Barth Udaya Halabe Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering West Virginia UniversityMorgantownWV 26506USA Department of Engineering Technology Old Dominion UniversityNorfolkVA 23529USA School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment Arizona State UniversityTempeAZ 85287USA

Civil infrastructure is continuously subject to aging and deterioration due to multiple factors,which lead to a decline in performance and impact structural *** damage on structures increases operational costs and poses significant risks to public *** maintenance,repair,and rehabilitation strategies are needed to ensure civil infrastructure’s overall safety and ***-Destructive Evaluation(NDE)methods are utilized to assess latent damage and provide decision-makers with real-time information for mitigating *** the last decade,there has been a significant increase in the research and development of innovative NDE techniques to improve data processing and promote efficient and accurate infrastructure *** paper aims to review one of those methods,namely,Infrared Thermography(IRT),and its applications in civil infrastructure.A comprehensive review is presented by investigating numerous journal articles,research papers,and technical reports describing numerous IRT applications for bridges,buildings,and general civil structures made from different *** capability of IRT to identify and pinpoint anomalies,typically in the early stages of degradation,has excellent potential to improve the safety and shore up the dependability of civil infrastructures while reducing expenses tied to maintenance and ***,the non-invasive nature of IRT is beneficial in mitigating disturbances and downtime that may occur during various inspection *** is highlighted that IRT is a highly versatile and effective tool for infrastructure condition *** further advancement and fine-tuning of the available techniques,it is likely that IRT will continue to gain significant popularity in maintaining and monitoring civil infrastructure.

关键词： Infrared thermography(IRT) civil infrastructure non-destructive evaluation(NDE)

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Machine Learning for Identifying Harmful Online Behavior: A Cyberbullying Overview

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2025年第1期13卷 26-40页

作者： Rikin shrestha Rushit Dave Computer Information Science Minnesota State University Mankato USA

In this modern era, platforms for digital/social media and video games are growing daily. People are becoming dependent on them from all ages and with many positive aspects, but there are drawbacks as well, one of which is cyberbullying. Cyberbullying is a form of bullying that uses technological platforms to bully others. It has effects on victims mentally, emotionally, and physically, which include low self-esteem, acting violently, despair, increased stress/anxiety, depression, self-harming/suicide, etc. Findings from this research study justify that it affects young people more, impacting their emotional development and overall safety. Real-time cyberbullying detection identifies and protects the target from further abuse and its effects. This study aids in determining the seriousness of the issue and the vulnerabilities that individuals can take advantage of to bully others. Additionally, it will help to understand how various features of cyberbullying detection function assist in developing a strong and trustworthy system and making a healthy online community. Natural Language Processing (NLP) models assess the textual content and analyze hashtags and comments. Similarly, image context is analyzed using Optical Character Recognition (OCR), which converts images into a machine-readable format for further examination. There are also Deep Neural Network models, such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and Bidirectional LSTM (BLSTM). CNN is utilized for text/picture classification, LSTM is used for long-term dependency learning, and BLSTM expands the network’s input by encoding data in both forward and backward directions. Classifiers like Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Naïve Bayes help detect cyberbullying. A working cyberbullying detection system can detect cyberbullying on multiple platforms. A deeper understanding of each machine learning algorithm allows one to build a model that improves upon their predecessors. With mode

关键词： Cyberbullying Detection Natural Language Processing (NLP) Text Classification Online Safety Multilingual Detection Systems

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Factors affecting smallholder farmers' adaptive capacity to climate change:A comparative study of Nepal, India, and Bangladesh

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2025年第2期35卷 359-381页

作者： CHAPAGAIN Prem Sagar BANSKOTA Tibendra Raj shrestha Shobha ZHANG Yili YAN Jianzhong RAI Suresh Chand ISLAM Md Nurul LIU Linshan MANDAL Umesh Kumar PAUDEL Basanta KHANAL Narendra Raj THASINEKU Om Chandra Central Department of Geography Tribhuvan University Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS College of Resource and Environment Southwest University Department of Geography Delhi School of Economics University of Delhi Department of Geography & Environment Jahangirnagar University Research Center for Educational Innovation and Development (CERID) Tribhuvan University

Agriculture, significantly impacted by climate change and climate variability, serves as the primary livelihood for smallholder farmers in South Asia. This study aims to examine and evaluate the factors influencing smallholder farmers' adaptive capacity(AC) in addressing these risks through surveys from 633 households across Nepal, India, and Bangladesh. The findings reveal that AC is influenced by various indicators categorized under eight principal factors. The first three factors, which explain about one-third of the variance in each country,include distinct significant indicators for each nation: in Nepal, these indicators are landholding size, skill-development training, knowledge of improved seed varieties, number of income sources, access to markets, and access to financial institutions; in India, they encompass access to agricultural-input information, knowledge of seed varieties, access to markets, access to crop insurance, changing the sowing/harvesting times of crops, and access to financial services; in Bangladesh, the key factors are access to financial institutions, community cooperation, changing the sowing/harvesting times of crops, knowledge of improved seed varieties,and access to agricultural-input information. Notably, indicators such as trust in weather information, changing sowing/harvesting times of crops, and crop insurance were identified as important determinants of AC, which have been overlooked in previous studies.

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Chyle leak following root of mesentery dissection in pancreaticoduodenectomy with inferior infracolic superior mesenteric artery first approach

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2025年第8期13卷 8-14页

作者： Prabir Maharjan Sujan Regmee Spandan D Adhikari Rabin Pahari Roshan Ghimire Dhiresh K Maharjan Suman K shrestha Prabin B Thapa Department of Gastrointestinal and General Surgery Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching HospitalKathmandu 44600Nepal

BACKGROUND The root of mesentery dissection is one of the critical maneuvers,especially in borderline resectable pancreatic head ***-abdominal chyle leak(CL)including chylous ascites may ensue in up to 10%of patients after pancreatic *** recognized superior mesenteric artery(SMA)first approaches are invariably *** mesenteric dissection through the inferior infracolic approach has been discussed in this study emphasizing its post-operative impact on CL which is the cornerstone of this *** To assess incidence,risk factors,clinical impact of CL following root of mesentery dissection,and the different treatment *** This is a retrospective study incorporating the patients who underwent dissection of the root of mesentery with inferior infracolic SMA first approach pancreat-oduodenectomy for the ventral body and uncinate mass of pancreas in the Department of Gastrointestinal and General Surgery of Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital from January 1,2021 to February 28,***-erative findings and postoperative outcomes were *** In three years,ten patients underwent root of mesentery dissection with inferior infracolic SMA first approach *** mean age was 67.6 years with a male-to-female ratio of 4:*** was seen in four *** virtue of CL,Clavien-Dindo grade Ⅱ or higher morbidity was observed in four *** patients had a hospital stay of more than 20 days with the former having a delayed gastric emptying and the latter with long-term total parenteral nutrition *** mean operative time was 330 *** resection was achieved in 100%of the *** mean duration of the intensive care unit and hospital stay were 2.55±1.45 days and 15.7±5.32 days,*** Root of mesentery dissection with lymphadenectomy and vascular resection correlated with occurrence of *** complete curative resection,these were managed with tota

关键词： Chyle leak Chylous ascites Clavien-Dindo Pancreatoduodenectomy Root of mesentery dissection Superior mesenteric artery first approach Total parenteral nutrition Uncinate mass Vascular resection Ventral body mass

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Aging Coefficient, Creep Coefficient and Extrapolating Aging Coefficient from Short Term Test for Sealed Concrete

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2011年第1期26卷 154-159页

作者： shrestha K M College of Civil Engineering Fuzhou University

Aging coefficient and creep coefficient are important parameters for creep analysis of any structure. With the aim to obtain those parameters, an experimental investigation is carried out on sealed concrete. Altogether ten specimens were tested, out of which four were for creep, two for shrinkage and remaining four for relaxation test. A year of relaxation test and two years of creep test results were analyzed to compute aging coefficient and creep coefficient. From regression analysis of observed and calculated aging coefficient using formula of Bazant and Kim, modification for aging coefficient is performed and extrapolation equations are generated. Instead of ACI model, B3 model has been used to obtain compliance function as the parameters of B3 model seems more relevant to creep mechanism of concrete compared to that of ACI model.

关键词： stress strength ratio creep test experimental study B3 model regression analysis

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Liutex core line and POD analysis on hairpin vortex formation in natural flow transition

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2020年第6期32卷 1109-1121页

作者： Sita Charkrit Pushpa shrestha Chaoqun Liu Department of Mathematics Maejo UniversityChiang MaiThailand Department of Mathematics University of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTexas76019USA

In this study,the new method of the vortex core line based on Liutex definition,also known as Liutex core line,is applied to support the hypothesis that the vortex ring is not a part of theΛ-vortex and the formation of the ring-like vortex is formed separately from theΛ-*** proper orthogonal decomposition(POD)is also applied to analyze the Kelvin-VHelmholtz(K-H)instability happening in hairpin ring areas of the flow transition on the flat plate to understand the mechanism of the ring-like vortex *** new vortex identification method named modified Liutex-Omega method is efficiently used to visualize and observe the shapes of vortex structures in *** streamwise vortex structure characteristics can be found in POD mode one as the mean *** other POD modes are in stremwise and spanwise structures and have the fluctuation motions,which are induced by K-H ***,the result shows that POD modes are in pairs and share the same characteristics such as amplitudes,mode shapes,and time *** vortex core and POD results confirm that theΛ-vortex is not self-deformed to a hairpin vortex,but the hairpin vortex is formed by the K-H instability during the development of Lambda vortex to hairpin vortex in the boundary layer flow transition.

关键词： Liutex vector Liutex core line proper orthogonal decomposition(POD)analysis K-H instability Lambda vortex Hairpin vort

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SIRTain regulators of premature senescence and accelerated aging

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Protein & Cell 2015年第5期6卷 322-333页

作者： shrestha Ghosh Zhongjun Zhou Department of Biochemistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China Shenzhen Institute of Innovation and Technology The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China

The sirtuin proteins constitute class III histone deacetylases （HDACs）. These evolutionarily conserved NAD＋-dependent enzymes form an important component in a variety of cellular and biological processes with highly divergent as well as convergent roles in maintaining metabolic homeostasis, safeguarding genomic integrity, regulating cancer metabolism and also inflammatory responses. Amongst the seven known mammalian sirtuin proteins, SIRT1 has gained much attention due to its widely acknowledged roles in pro- moting longevity and ameliorating age-associated pathologies. The contributions of other sirtuins in the field of aging are also gradually emerging. Here, we summarize some of the recent discoveries in sirtuins biology which clearly implicate the functions of sirtuin proteins in the regulation of premature cellular senescence and accelerated aging. The roles of sirtuins in various cellular processes have been extrapolated to draw inter-linkage with anti-aging mechanisms. Also, the latest findings on sirtuins which might have potential effects in the process of aging have been reviewed.

关键词： sirtuins senescence premature aging longevity

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An Assessment of Yarsagumba(Ophiocordyceps sinensis) Collection in Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve, Nepal

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第2期11卷 555-562页

作者： Barna Bahadur THAPA Saroj PANTHI Rajesh Kumar RAI Uttam Babu shrestha Achyut ARYAL Sabina shrestha Bhushan shrestha Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Babar Mahal Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Baglung Station Green Governance Nepal Department of Biology University of Massachusetts Institute of Natural and Mathematical Sciences Massey University Graduate School of Biotechnology Institute of Life Sciences and Resources Kyung Hee University Green Energy Mission/Nepal Ghatte Kulo Anam Nagar Mushroom Research Division National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science Rural Development Administration

Yarsagumba(Ophiocordyceps sinensis), an endemic species to the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau, is one of the most valuable medicinal mushrooms in the world. In Nepal, it is distributed largely in isolated patches of alpine grasslands of 3,000-5,000 m elevation. Although it is reported from 27 northernmost districts of Nepal, the local distribution pattern of this species is largely ***, the collection system and local management regime of this species are not well documented. We conducted a field survey at Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve(DHR) among the different stakeholders in January-June 2012 to assess collection sites, patterns and trends and to understand the management regime. We estimated that about 75 kg of Yarsagumba is collected every year from DHR and the amount has been declining since 2008. To manage the resource, locals have initiated regulating the collection by issuing permits, taxing to the collectors, and monitoring the activities of harvesters with the help of park authorities. The revenue generated at local level from the permits has been used for community developmental activities.

关键词： Chinese caterpillar fungus Medicinal fungus Himalayan gold Conservation Yartsagunbu

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