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Financial Support Mechanisms and Financing Instruments for Climate Change Adaptation

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2016年第2期7卷 242-252页

作者： shih-fang lo Chou-Yen Wu Chun-Hsu Lin Center for Green Economy Chung-Hua Institution for Economic Research Taiwan Research Division V Taiwan Institute of Economic Research Taiwan

Extreme weather has been having an increase in frequency and severity because of global warming. Heavy financial burden on governments has been increasing as reconstruction of natural disaster and prevention of public construction spending. Unlike the climate mitigation activities, the main purpose of climate adaptation is to establish climate risk management system. We discuss several types of financing instruments and collect several cases in both developed and developing countries internationally. We find that budget reallocation or government bonds are regularly used for losses from natural disaster in developing countries while both government bonds and insurance penetration are used to against catastrophe risks in the developed countries. Finally, we also find that insurance-related instruments are feasible and have been applied in some middle-income countries with assistance from the World Bank.

关键词： Climate Change Adaptation Insurance Tools Capital Market Review Case Study

Retrospective analysis of discordant results between histology and other clinical diagnostic tests on helicobacter pylori infection

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2024年第2期16卷 64-71页

作者： Xiaohua Qi Kevin Kuan Tony El Jabbour Yungtai lo Qiang Liu Yanan fang Department of Pathology Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical CenterBronxNY 10467United States Department of Pathology Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical CenterNew YorkNY 10467United States Department of Epidemiology&Population Health Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNY 10461United States Department of Pathology Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNY 10467United States

BACKGROUND A reliable test is essential for diagnosing Helicobacter pylori(***)infection,and crucial for managing ***-related *** as an excellent method for detecting *** infection,histologic examination is a test that clinicians heavily rely on,especially when complemented with immunohistochemistry(IHC).Additionally,other diagnostic tests for ***,such as the rapid urease test(Clo test)and stool antigen test(SA),are also highly sensitive and ***,the results of histology and other tests align with each ***,on rare occasions,discrepancy between histopathology and other *** diagnostic tests *** To investigate the discordance between histology and other *** tests,the underlying causes,and the impact on clinical *** Pathology reports of gastric biopsies were retrieved spanning August 2013 and July *** were included in the study only if there were other *** tests within seven days of the *** additional tests include Clo test,SA,and *** *** between histopathology and other tests was determined based on the consistency of *** instances where histology results were negative while other tests were positive,the slides were retrieved for re-assessment,and the clinical chart was *** Of 1396 pathology reports were identified,each accompanied by one additional *** *** concordance rates in detecting *** infection between biopsy and other tests did not exhibit significant differences based on the number of biopsy fragments.117 discrepant cases were *** 20 cases(9 with Clo test and 11 with SA)had negative biopsy but positive results in other *** cases initially stained with Warthin-Starry turned out to be positive for *** with subsequent IHC *** the remaining 16 true discrepant cases,10 patients were on proton pump inhibitors before the biopsy and/or other *** patients underwe

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Discordance Gastric biopsy Histology Rapid urease test Stool antigen test Helicobacter pylori culture

low phase noise K-band signal generation using polarization diverse single-soliton integrated microcombs

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Photonics Research 2024年第6期12卷 1175-1185页

作者： ALWALEED ALDHAFEERI HSIAO-HSUAN CHIN TRISTAN MELTON DONG IL LEE ALLEN CHU WENTING WANG MINGBIN YU PATRICK GUO-QIANG lo DIM-LEE KWONG CHEE WEI WONG fang Lu Mesoscopic Optics and Quantum Electronics Laboratory University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia 90095USA Institute of Microelectronics A*STARSingapore 117865Singapore State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technologyand Shanghai Industrial Technology Research InstituteShanghai 200050China

Frequency microcombs with microwave and millimeter-wave repetition rates provide a compact solution for coherent communication and information *** implementation of these microcombs using a CMOS-compatible platform further paves the way for large-scale photonic integration and ***,we demonstrate free-running soliton microcombs with K-band repetition rates with very low phase noise over a 4 GHz pump detuning range reaching−117(−123)dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset for a 19.7(10)GHz carrier without active pump stabilization,exceeding commercial electronic microwave oscillators at frequency offsets above 40 *** minimum laser noise to soliton microwave signal transduction factor observed is−*** noise performance is achieved using a hybridized dual-mode for soliton generation to achieve passive thermal stabilization and minimal soliton spectrum shift from prior Raman scattering and dispersive wave *** further examine the locking of the repetition rate to an external ultrastable photonic oscillator to illustrate the feasibility of phase noise suppression below the thermorefractive noise limits of microresonator frequency combs.

关键词： pump polarization millimeter

Water quality and habitat drive phytoplankton taxonomic and functional group patterns in the Yangtze River

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 144-158页

作者： Wenqi Gao fangyuan Xiong Ying Lu Wei Xin Haihua Wang Gangpeng Feng Chiping Kong Lei fang Xiaoping Gao Yushun Chen State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Jiangxi Institute for Fisheries Sciences Poyang Lake Fisheries Research Centre of Jiangxi Province East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Jiujiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences

Background Although phytoplankton are important primary producers in food webs, they are relatively less studied in large rivers compared to other types of systems. To fill this research gap, we studied phytoplankton taxonomic and functional composition and their relationships with water quality, habitat, climate, and land use across 30 river sections in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River during 2017–*** Major observed phytoplankton groups were cyanobacteria, bacillariophyta, and chlorophyta. Phytoplankton total abundance, total biomass, and species richness significantly decreased in the dry season compared to the wet season, with the species and functional composition differing significantly between seasons. Phytoplankton species differences between seasons were mainly contributed by Oscillatoria sp., Pseudanabaena sp., and Melosira granulata. The dfferences in phytoplankton functional groups between seasons were mainly contributed by P（including Closterium sp., Melosira sp.）, lo（including Merismopedia sp., Peridinium sp., Ceratium sp., and Gymnodinium sp.）, and J（including Pediastrum sp., Tetraedron sp., Crucigenia sp., Scenedesmus sp., and Coelastrum sp.）. The variance partitioning showed that water quality（NO3-N, total suspended solids, turbidity） and habitat（water flow, river bank and river channel conditions） were critical factors in shaping phytoplankton patterns, followed by climate and land *** Results indicated that there was significant seasonal variation of phytoplankton in the Yangtze River, with water quality and habitat primarily driving phytoplankton patterns. Our study contributes to the understanding of natural and anthropogenic factors that drive seasonal successional processes of phytoplankton in the Yangtze River. These findings have important implications for environmental management as well as towards the ecological restoration of large rivers.

关键词： Yangtze River Phytoplankton Functional group Water quality Physical habitat

Game theory model of exit selection in pedestrian evacuation considering visual range and choice firmness

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Chinese Physics B 2020年第8期29卷 355-362页

作者： Wei-Li Wang fang-fang Wan Siu-Ming lo Institute of logistics Science and Engineering Shanghai Maritime UniversityShanghai 201306China Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering City University of Hong KongTat Chee AvenueKowloonHong KongChina

Exit choice is one of the most important pedestrian behaviors during *** to the exit is a generally recognized factor influencing expected moving time to the *** range determines how much information a pedestrian can perceive,thus the number of pedestrians within the visual field can be used to estimate waiting time at the ***,the choice firmness that reflects the degree to which a pedestrian would persist in his/her previous choice of exit is *** integrating game theory into a cellular automata simulation framework,the pedestrian exit choice mechanism is investigated and explicitly modeled in this paper.A systematic analysis of the key factors influencing pedestrian evacuation is conducted,including visual radius and choice firmness of a pedestrian,initial crowd distribution of the room,exit layout as well as exit *** is found that low choice firmness level can lead to unnatural pedestrian behavior such as wandering,which is adverse to *** longer the pedestrian's visual radius,the earlier the pedestrian can determine his/her final selection of the *** with the scenario where the pedestrians are randomly distributed,pedestrians clustered together in a corner of the room lead to high crowd density and imbalanced use of ***,the exit layout and exit width also have a certain influence on pedestrian evacuation *** results of this paper may be of benefit to the formulation of behavioral rules in other pedestrian simulation models.

关键词： game theory exit selection visual range choice firmness

Observations of Passenger Flow and Verification of a Crowd Dynamics Model

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 2008年第2期13卷 195-200页

作者： YUAN Jianping fang Zheng lo Siuming XIE Lilin HUANG Danguang School of Civil Engineering Wuhan University Wuhan430072 Hubei China Department of Building and Construction City Universityof Hong Kong Hong Kong China

This paper reports observations of passenger flow in the Wuchang railway station in Wuhan, China during the Chinese Traditional Spring Festival in 2006. The data collected are used to verify a crowd dynamics model previously developed. The crowd dynamics model is based on simulating the global movement of each individual under the influence of the surrounding crowd, and the good agreement between the predictions and observations validates the prediction model. The crowd dynamics model suggests that the crowd movement speed is dominated by two factors： the front-back inter-person effect, and the pedestrian＇s self-motive. The first effect gives logarithmic relationship between the crowd speed and crowd density. The second factor depends on the individual motive driven with which people try to divorce themselves from the control of the crowd movement. The prediction model are helpful to guide the design of public traffic systems for effective crowd dispersal.

关键词： crowd dynamics model observation mathematical modeling evacuation traffic planning

慢性胃炎幽门螺杆菌感染危险因素及其胃黏膜组织TFF2、HSP70、TGF-βRⅡ表达

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中华医院感染学杂志 2024年第14期34卷 2134-2138页

作者：方松林冯亮华陈贇厦门市第五医院消化内科福建厦门361101 厦门市第五医院风湿免疫科福建厦门361101 厦门市第五医院检验科福建厦门361101

目的探究慢性胃炎幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染危险因素及其胃黏膜组织三叶因子2(TFF2)、热休克蛋白70(HSP70)、转化生长因子β受体Ⅱ(TGF-βRⅡ)表达.方法选取厦门市第五医院2021年2月-2023年2月收治的180例慢性胃炎Hp感染患者为研究组,随机选... 详细信息

目的探究慢性胃炎幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染危险因素及其胃黏膜组织三叶因子2(TFF2)、热休克蛋白70(HSP70)、转化生长因子β受体Ⅱ(TGF-βRⅡ)表达.方法选取厦门市第五医院2021年2月-2023年2月收治的180例慢性胃炎Hp感染患者为研究组,随机选取180例慢性胃炎未合并Hp感染患者为对照组.通过lo-gistic 回归法分析慢性胃炎Hp感染危险因素,比较两组胃黏膜组织TFF2、HSP70、TGF-βRⅡ水平;比较研究组TFF2、HSP70、TGF-βRⅡ在不同临床病理特征中的表达,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析TFF2、HSP70及TGF-βRⅡ对慢性胃炎Hp感染的诊断价值.结果饮食方式为共餐、工作压力高、有饮酒史、胃蛋白酶原(PG)-Ⅱ水平低是慢性胃炎Hp感染的危险因素(P<0.05);研究组胃黏膜组织HSP70、TGF-βRⅡ阳性表达占比高于对照组,TFF2阳性表达占比低于对照组(P<0.05);研究组TFF2、HSP70、TGF-βRⅡ阳性表达与发病部位、胃炎/胃癌家族史、饮食习惯是否规律有关(P<0.05);TFF2、HSP70、TGF-βRⅡ联合诊断Hp感染慢性胃炎患者曲线下面积(AUC)高于各指标单一检测(P<0.05),且联合检测敏感度为84.44%,特异度为88.33%.结论慢性胃炎Hp感染与饮食方式、工作压力、饮酒史、PG-Ⅱ水平相关,其胃黏膜组织TFF2、HSP70及TGF-βRⅡ表达异常,且三者表达与患者发病部位、胃炎/胃癌家族史、饮食习惯有关,三者联合检测可提高其诊断价值.

关键词：慢性胃炎幽门螺杆菌三叶因子2 热休克蛋白70 转化生长因子β受体Ⅱ 受试者工作特征曲线诊断价值

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肺类器官研究及应用进展

中国病理生理杂志 2024年第6期40卷 1122-1127,1146页

作者：杨广平房贺刘晓彬付忠华朱峰南昌大学第一附属医院烧伤整形与创面修复医学中心江西南昌330006 海军军医大学第一附属医院烧创伤ICU 上海200433 同济大学附属东方医院重症医学科上海200120

在以往动物模型的研究中,由于动物与人类肺部解剖结构的差异以及在药物研发中使用动物模型时经常出现令人失望的结果,而2D细胞系难以真实反映人体器官的结构和功能,亟需一种体外模型可以补充动物研究,并提高对肺部生理、再生和疾病等的... 详细信息

在以往动物模型的研究中,由于动物与人类肺部解剖结构的差异以及在药物研发中使用动物模型时经常出现令人失望的结果,而2D细胞系难以真实反映人体器官的结构和功能,亟需一种体外模型可以补充动物研究,并提高对肺部生理、再生和疾病等的理解。肺类器官(lung organoids,lo)的诞生跨越了这一鸿沟,实现了由动物模型器官研究到人体器官体外研究的转变。lo是在历经众多实验研究和漫长的经验总结上所研发出来的,为人体肺部的相关研究奠定了基础。

关键词：肺类器官肺疾病干细胞

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DNA nanomachines: monitoring molecular encounter dynamics in live cell membranes

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National Science Review 2018年第3期5卷 300-301页

作者： Jiachao Xu Xiaohong fang Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

The cell membrane features a variety of heterogeneous and dynamic compartments to regulate cell structure and *** compartments are generally classified into a relatively packed,lipidordered(lo)domain(10-200 nm)enriched in saturated lipids and cholesterol,and a more fluid,liquid-disordered(Ld)domain comprising mainly unsaturated lipids[1].According to the lipid raft theory,lodomains,which selectively recruit specific lipids and proteins,serve as criti-

关键词： DNA nanomachines monitoring molecular encounter dynamics in live cell membranes