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Approaches for representing hydro-mechanical coupling between sub-surface excavations and argillaceous porous media at the ventilation experiment, Mont Terri

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2013年第2期5卷 85-96页

作者： Alexander Bond Alain Millard shigeo nakama Chengyuan Zhang Benoit Garritte Quintessa Ltd. Chadwick House Birchwood Park Warrington Cheshire A3 6AEUK Commissariatà l'Energie Atomique YvetteFrance Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) Tokai Japan Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Universidad Politcnica de Catalunya Barcelona Spain

At the Mont Terri Underground Research Laboratory （Switzerland）, a field-scale investigation has been conducted in order to investigate the hydro-mechanical and chemical perturbations induced in the argilla- ceous formation by forced ventilation through a tunnel. This experiment has been selected to be used for processing model development and validation in the international project DECOVALEX-2011. The con- ceptual and mathematical representation of the engineered void, which itself forms a major part of the experiment and is not simply a boundary condition, is the subject of this paper. A variety of approaches have been examined by the contributors to DECOVALEX and a summary of their findings is presented here. Two major aspects are discussed. Firstly, the approaches for the treatment of the surface condition at the porous media/tunnel interface are examined, with two equivalent but differing formulations successfully demonstrated. Secondly, approaches for representing the tunnel with associated air and water vapour movement, when coupled with the hydro-mechanical （HM） representation of the porous medium, are also examined. It is clearly demonstrated that, for the experimental conditions of the ventilation experiment （VE） that abstracted physical and empirical models of the tunnel, can be used successfully to represent the hydraulic behaviour of the tunnel and the hydraulic interaction between the tunnel and the surrounding rock mass.

关键词： Tunnel Water vapour Hydro-mechanical （HM） coupling Numerical modelling Mont Terri Underground Research Laboratory （URL） Ventilation experiment （VE） Argillite

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Accounting for anisotropic effects in the prediction of the hydro-mechanical response of a ventilated tunnel in an argillaceous rock

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2013年第2期5卷 97-109页

作者： Alain Millard Alex Bond shigeo nakama Chengyuan Zhang Jean-Dominique Barnichon Benoit Garitte Commissariatà l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives Gif-sur-Yvette France Quintessa Ltd. Chadwick House Birchwood Park Warrington Cheshire WA3 6AE UK Japan Atomic Energy Agency Tokai Japan Insititute of Rock and Soil Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute for Nuclear Radioprotection and Safety Fontenay-aux-roses France Universidad Politécnica de Catalunya Barcelona Spain

In order to investigate the hydro-mechanical （HM） and chemical perturbations induced in an argillaceous formation by forced ventilation during the operational period of a nuclear waste repository, a specific experiment has been performed in a tunnel, at Mont Terri Underground Research Laboratory （URL） in Switzerland. This experiment has been selected in the international project DECOVALEX for model vali- dation and the numerical simulation of this ventilation experiment （VE） is the object of the present paper. Since the argillaceous rock exhibits anisotropic properties, particular attention is given to the evaluation of the effects of various anisotropic features on the predicted results. In situ measurements such as relative humidity （RH）, global water mass extracted, pore water pressure, water content, and relative displace- ments are compared to predictions using both isotropic and anisotropic parameters. Water permeability anisotropy is shown to be the most influencing parameter by far, whereas in situ stress anisotropy has an effect only during the excavation phase. The anisotropy for mechanical parameterization has also some influence, in particular through HM couplings. These HM couplings have the potential to be very significant in terms of providing confidence in describing the experimental observation, and should be considered for further investigation.

关键词： Hydro-mechanical （HM） coupling Numerical modelling Anisotropy Mont Terri Underground Research Laboratory （URL） Ventilation experiment （VE） Argillite

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Reactive and non-reactive transport modelling in partially water saturated argillaceous porous media around the ventilation experiment,Mont Terri

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2013年第1期5卷 44-57页

作者： Alexander Bond Steven Benbow James Wilson Alain Millard shigeo nakama Myles English Christopher McDermott Benoit Garitte Quintessa Ltd. Chadwick House Birchwood Park Warrington Cheshire WA3 6AE UK Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) University of Edinburgh Universidad Politécnica de Catalunya

At Mont Terri Underground Research Laboratory （URL） Switzerland, a specific experiment has been per- formed in a tunnel, in order to investigate the hydro-mechano-chemical （HMC） perturbations induced in the argillaceous formation by forced ventilation. This experiment has been selected in the international project DECOVALEX to be used for process model development and validation. The numerical simula- tion of the geochemical response to the ventilation experiment （VE） is the object of the present paper, focusing on the transport of chloride as a conservative species and sulphate as a reactive species. Uti- lising the validated hydro-mechanical （HM） results from earlier steps of the DECOVALEX task, reactive and non-reactive transport models, incorporating the current understanding of the geochemistry at the site, were successfully constructed for the whole experimental period. The associated parametric and process uncertainty analyses clearly demonstrate that the basic HM understanding must be sound. How- ever, to demonstrate this degree of robustness, the explicit inclusion of process representations of water desaturation, liquid vaporisation, species exclusion porosity, and redox processes, is required.

关键词： Reactive transportHydro-mechanical （HM） couplingNumerical modellingMont Terri Underground ResearchLaboratory （URL）Ventilation experiment （VE）ArgilliteChlorideSulphate

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Attenuation of periostin in retinal Müller glia by TNF-α and IFN-γ

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2019年第2期12卷 212-218页

作者： Ying-Qian Peng Man-Jing Cao shigeo Yoshida Lu-Si Zhang Hui-Lan Zeng Jing-Ling Zou Yoshiyuki Kobayashi Takahito nakama Jing-Ming Shi Song-Bai Jia Ye-Di Zhou Department of Ophthalmology the Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease Department of Ophthalmology Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences Department of Ophthalmology Kurume University School of Medicine

AIM: To investigate the regulation and mechanisms of periostin expression in retinal Müller glia, and to explore the relevance to retinal neovascularization. METHODS: The oxygen-induced retinopathy(OIR) mouse model and the human Moorfield/Institute of Ophthalmology-Müller 1(MIO-M1) cell line were used in the study. Immunofluorescence staining was used to determine the distribution and expression of periostin and a Müller glial cell marker glutamine synthetase(GS). Cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ were added to stimulate the MIO-M1 cells. ShRNA was used to knockdown periostin expression in MIO-M1 cells. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR) was conducted to assess the mRNA expression of periostin. RESULTS: Immunofluorescence staining showed that periostin was expressed by MIO-M1 Müller glia. GS-positive Müller glia and periostin increased in OIR retinas, and were partially overlaid. The stimulation of TNF-α and IFN-γ reduced the mRNA expression of periostin significantly and dose-dependently in MIO-M1 cells. Knockdown of periostin reduced mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA) in MIO-M1 cells, while VEGFA expression was not changed in periostin knock-out OIR retinas. CONCLUSION: Müller glia could be one of the main sources of periostin in the retina, and might contribute to the pathogenesis of retinal neovascularization. Proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ attenuate the periostin expression in retinal Müller glia, which provides a potential and novel method in treating retinal neovascular diseases.

关键词： TNF-α IFN-γ periostin Müller glia retinal neovascularization

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