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Challenging situation of coronary artery anomaly associated with ischemia and/or risk of sudden death

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World Journal of Cardiology 2024年第4期16卷 173-176页

作者： shigenori Ito Division of Cardiology Sankuro HospitalToyota 471-0035Japan

Coronary artery anomaly is known as one of the causes of angina pectoris and sudden death and is an important clinical entity that cannot be *** incidence of coronary artery anomalies is as low as 1%-2%of the general population,even when the various types are *** anomalies are practically challenging when the left and right coronary ostium are not found around their normal positions during coronary angiography with a *** there is atherosclerotic stenosis of the coronary artery with an anomaly and percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)is required,the suitability of the guiding catheter at the entrance and the adequate back up force of the guiding catheter are *** level of PCI risk itself should also be considered on a caseby-case *** this case,emission computed tomography in the R-1 subtype single coronary artery proved that ischemia occurred in an area where the coronary artery was not visible to the naked *** follow-up would be crucial,because sudden death may occur in single coronary *** prevent atherosclerosis with full efforts is also important,as the authors indicated admirably.

关键词： Coronary artery anomaly Single coronary artery Ischemia Sudden death Percutaneous coronary intervention Coronary vessel anomalies Myocardial ischemia Sudden cardiac death

Distribution and Quantity of Root Systems of Field-Grown Erianthus and Napier Grass

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第12期4卷 16-22页

作者： Nobuhito Sekiya Fumitaka Shiotsu Jun Abe shigenori morita College of Agriculture Ibaraki University Ibaraki Japan. Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan

Cellulosic bioethanol produced from non-edible plants reduces potential food-fuel competition and, as such, is receiving increasing attention. In the raw material production of cellulosic bioethanol, the aboveground biomass of plants is entirely harvested;consequently, the plant roots represent the major source of organic matter incorporated into the soil. We selected Erianthus and Napier grass as the raw materials for cultivation in Asia. However, information about whether these 2 species provide sufficient root volume to sustain soil fertility is limited. Therefore, we examined the spatial distribution of the roots of these 2 plants, and quantified root mass and length. Erianthus and Napier grass were either grown in fields or greenhouses in Tokyo (Japan) and Lampung (Indonesia), and then their roots were exposed from adjacent soil profiles. Both species developed large, deep roots, penetrating 2.0-2.6 m deep into the soil. Root depth indexes showed that the roots of both species penetrated much deeper into the soil compared to monocot crop species, being more comparable to dicot species. Erianthus developed a root mass and length of 384-850 g·m-2 and 28.8-35.8 km·m-2, while the values for Napier grass were 183-448 g·m-2 and 15.6-43.6 km·m-2, respectively. These values exceeded the maximum values previously recorded for common crop species. Our study confirmed that Erianthus and Napier grass develop deep root systems, with substantially large biomass;hence, we suggest that both plants supply root biomass in large quantities, representing possible major sources of soil organic matter.

关键词： Erianthus arundinaceus Pennisetum purpureum Profile-Wall Method Root Depth Index Root Length Density Root Weight Density

Cultivation of <i>Erianthus</i>and Napier Grass at an Abandoned Mine in Lampung, Indonesia

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第11期5卷 1711-1720页

作者： Nobuhito Sekiya Jun Abe Fumitaka Shiotsu shigenori morita College of Agriculture Ibaraki University Ibaraki Japan Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Department of Plant Science School of Agriculture Tokai University Kumamoto Japan Institute for Sustainable Agro-Ecosystem Services (ISAS) Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Institute for Sustainable Agro-Ecosystem Services (ISAS) Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Department of Agriculture Faculty of Agriculture Tokyo University of Agriculture Kanagawa Japan

The production of cellulosic bioethanol from non-edible plants is drawing increasing attention, as it potentially avoids food-fuel competition. Because growing such plants on farmland indirectly reduces food availability, the plants should be grown on marginal, non-arable lands. In this study, we evaluated the growth of cellulosic energy crops at a former mining site in Indonesia. This mine was abandoned because it contained few mineral deposits, and exposed subsoils rather than toxic soils prevented revegetation. In the first trial, growths of two energy plant species Erianthus spp. and Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) were compared with that of maize (Zea mays) at the mine site and a nearby degraded farm. Erianthus and Napier grass produced 11.7 and 22.5 t·ha-1 of shoot dry matter at 8 months after planting (MAP) in the farm respectively while maize plants failed to establish, but none of the three species grew at the mine. In the second trial, two-week-old seedlings of Erianthus and Napier grass rather than stem cuttings as used in the first trial were planted at the mine site. Erianthus and Napier grass produced 16.3 and 24.0 t·ha-1 of shoot dry matter over the course of 18 months, respectively. Application of organic fertilizer significantly increased shoot dry matter to 18.9 and 39.6 t·ha-1 in Erianthus and Napier grass, respectively. During the 18-month growth period, both of the energy plants significantly increased soil carbon at the 0 - 0.3 m depth from 0.33% to 1.15% - 1.23% when chemical fertilizer was applied and to 0.67% - 0.69% when both chemical and organic fertilizers were applied. From 0 - 5 MAP, soil surface level dropped by 28.0 - 34.7 mm in plots without plants due to soil erosion. In contrast, both of the energy plants significantly reduced the drop of soil surface level to 16.0 - 19.3 mm in plots with chemical fertilizer alone and to 18.0 - 20.7 mm in plots with chemical and organic fertilizers. Proportions of small soil particles, that wou

关键词： Biomass Cellulosic Energy Crops Unused Land Subsurface Soils

Root Morphology and Anatomy of Field-Grown Erianthus arundinaceus

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第1期6卷 103-112页

作者： Fumitaka Shiotsu Jun Abe Tetsuya Doi Mitsuru Gau shigenori morita College of Agriculture Ibaraki University Ibaraki Japan Department of Plant Science School of Agriculture Tokai University Kumamoto Japan Institute for Sustainable Agro-Ecosystem Services (ISAS) Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan National Agricultural Research Center for Kyushu Okinawa Region National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO) Kumamoto Japan Department of Agriculture Faculty of Agriculture Tokyo University of Agriculture Kanagawa Japan

Erianthus species are perennial C4 grasses with such high biomass productivity and high tolerance to environmental stresses that they can be grown in marginal land to supply raw material for cellulosic bioethanol. Because high biomass production and strong tolerance to environmental stresses might be based on their large and deep-root system, we closely examined the morphology and anatomy of roots in first-year seedlings of field-grown Erianthus arundinaceus. The deep-root system of E. arundinaceus consists of many nodal roots growing with steep growth angles. Diameter of nodal roots with large variations (0.5 - 5 mm) correlates with the size and number of large xylem vessels. The microscopic observation shows that the nodal roots with dense root hairs developed soil sheath, hypodermis with lignified sclerenchyma in the outer cortex, and aerenchyma in the mid-cortex. In addition, starch grains were densely accumulated in the stele of nodal roots in winter. In the first year, E. arundinaceus developed less lateral roots than other reported grass species. The lateral roots formed a large xylem vessel in the center of the stele and no hypodermis in the outer cortex. Morphology and anatomy of E. arundinaceus root were discussed with reference to strong tolerance to environmental stresses.

关键词： Erianthus arundinaceus Root Diameter Sclerenchyma Soil Sheath Starch Grain Xylem Vessel

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镉在互花米草中积累、转运及亚细胞的分布

生态学杂志 2012年第3期31卷 526-531页

作者：潘秀刘福春柴民伟刘立民森田茂纪石福臣南开大学生命科学学院天津300071 沧州师范学院生命科学系河北沧州061001 天津港环保卫生管理中心天津300071 东京大学农学生命科学研究科

研究了在不同Cd浓度(0、5、100、200μg·g-1)处理下,互花米草花序、叶、茎、根茎、须根中Cd含量、积累量、转运特征,及Cd在互花米草体内的亚细胞分布。结果表明,Cd在互花米草不同器官中的积累能力存在较大差异。茎、根茎、须根中Cd含... 详细信息

研究了在不同Cd浓度(0、5、100、200μg·g-1)处理下,互花米草花序、叶、茎、根茎、须根中Cd含量、积累量、转运特征,及Cd在互花米草体内的亚细胞分布。结果表明,Cd在互花米草不同器官中的积累能力存在较大差异。茎、根茎、须根中Cd含量及积累量随处理浓度的增加而升高,其中须根中Cd含量及积累量均高于其他器官。Cd处理浓度为100gμ·g-1时,花序和叶中Cd含量达到最大值,分别为8.65和7.82μg·g-1。在Cd处理浓度为200μg·g-1时,须根中Cd含量可高达390.00μg·g-1,积累量达3200μg·株-1。Cd在互花米草体内转运能力极低,绝大部分Cd积累在地下部位。Cd在互花米草亚细胞中的分布规律为细胞壁>胞液>细胞器。随着Cd处理浓度的增加,Cd在细胞壁中的分配比例增大,胞液中Cd分布比例则相应减小,细胞壁和胞液相互协调,增强互花米草对重金属Cd的耐性。

关键词： Cd 互花米草积累转运亚细胞分布

State Predictive Model Following Control System for Linear Time Delays

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2009年第2期6卷 186-191页

作者： shigenori Okubo Faculty of Engineering Yamagata University

In this paper, we propose a new state predictive model following control system （MFCS）. The considered system has linear time delays. With the MFCS method, we obtain a simple input control law. The bounded property of the internal states for the control is given and the utility of this control design is guaranteed. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： State predictive time delays model following control system (MFCS) disturbances.

Origin of the Earth:A proposal of new model called ABEL

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Geoscience Frontiers 2017年第2期8卷 253-274页

作者： shigenori Maruyama Toshikazu Ebisuzaki Earth-Life Science Institute Tokyo Institute of Technology Institute for Study of the Earth's Interior Okayama University RIKEN

The Earth was born as a dry planet without atmosphere and ocean components at 4.56 Ga,with subsequent secondary accretion of bio-elements,such as carbon（C）,hydrogen（H）,oxygen（O）,and nitrogen（N） which peaked at 4.37-4.20 *** two-step formation model of the Earth we refer to as the advent of bio-elements model（ABEL Model） and the event of the advent of bio-elements（water component） as ABEL *** is clear that the solid Earth originated from enstatite chondrite-like dry material based on the similarity in oxygen isotopic composition and among other *** the other hand,Earth＇s water derives primarily from carbonaceous chondrite material based on the hydrogen isotopic *** present our ABEL model to explain this enigma between solid Earth and water,as well as secondary accretion of oxidizing bio-elements,which became a precursor to initiate metabolism to emerge life on a highly reductive *** ABEL Bombardment had not occurred,life never would have emerged on the ***,ABEL Bombardment is one of the most important events for this planet to evolve into a habitable *** chronology of ABEL Bombardment is informed through previous researches of the late heavy bombardment and the late veneer *** Bombardment is considered to have occurred during 4.37-4.20 Ga,which is the concept to redefine the standard late heavy bombardment and the late veneer ***,ABEL Bombardment is the trigger of the transition from stagnant lid tectonics to plate tectonics on this planet because of the injection of volatiles into the initial dry Earth.

关键词： Origin of Earth and life Advent of bin-elements (ABEL)Origin of water on the Earth ABEL Bombardment Habitable Trinity planet Initiation of plate tectonics

Formation of anorthosite on the Moon through magma ocean fractional crystallization

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Geoscience Frontiers 2017年第2期8卷 299-308页

作者： Tatsuyuki Arai shigenori Maruyama Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Tokyo Institute of Technology2-12-10okayamaMeguro-kuTokyo 152-8551Japan Earth-Life Science Institute Tokyo Institute of Technology2-12-1 OokayamaMeguro-kuTokyo 152-8551Japan

Lunar anorthosite is a major rock of the lunar highlands,which formed as a result of plagioclasefloatation in the lunar magma ocean（LMO）.Constraints on the sufficient conditions that resulted in the formation of a thick pure anorthosite（mode of plagioclase 〉95 vol.%） is a key to reveal the early magmatic evolution of the terrestrial *** form the pure lunar anorthosite,plagioclase should have separated from the magma ocean with low crystal *** networks of plagioclase and mafic minerals develop when the crystal fraction in the magma（φ） is higher than ca.40-60 vol.%,which inhibit the formation of pure *** contrast,when φ is small,the magma ocean is highly turbulent,and plagioclase is likely to become entrained in the turbulent magma rather than separated from the *** determine the necessary conditions in which anorthosite forms from the LMO,this study adopted the energy criterion formulated by *** composition of melt,temperature,and pressure when plagioclase crystallizes are constrained by using MELTS/pMELTS to calculate the density and viscosity of the *** plagioclase starts to crystallize,the Mg~# of melt becomes 0.59 at 1291 *** density of the melt is smaller than that of plagioclase for P 〉 2.1 kbar（ca.50 km deep）,and the critical diameter of plagioclase to separate from the melt becomes larger than the typical crystal diameter of plagioclase（1.8-3 cm）.This suggests that plagioclase is likely entrained in the LMO just after the plagioclase starts to *** the Mg~# of melt becomes 0.54 at 1263 C,the density of melt becomes larger than that of plagioclase even for 0 *** the Mg~# of melt decreases down to 0.46 at 1218 C,the critical diameter of plagioclase to separate from the melt becomes 1.5-2.5 cm,which is nearly equal to the typical plagioclase of the lunar *** suggests that plagioclase could separate from the *** of the differences between the Earth and the Moon is the presenc

关键词： Moon Anorthosite Magma ocean MELTS Fractional crystallization

Origins of building blocks of life: A review

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Geoscience Frontiers 2018年第4期9卷 1117-1153页

作者： Norio Kitadai shigenori Maruyama Earth-Life Science Institute Tokyo Institute of Technology

How and where did life on Earth originate？ To date, various environments have been proposed as plausible sites for the origin of life. However, discussions have focused on a limited stage of chemical evolution, or emergence of a specific chemical function of proto-biological systems. It remains unclear what geochemical situations could drive all the stages of chemical evolution, ranging from condensation of simple inorganic compounds to the emergence of self-sustaining systems that were evolvable into modern biological ones. In this review, we summarize reported experimental and theoretical findings for prebiotic chemistry relevant to this topic, including availability of biologically essential elements（N and P） on the Hadean Earth, abiotic synthesis of life＇s building blocks（amino acids, peptides, ribose, nucleobases, fatty acids, nucleotides, and oligonucleotides）, their polymerizations to bio-macromolecules（peptides and oligonucleotides）, and emergence of biological functions of replication and compartmentalization. It is indicated from the overviews that completion of the chemical evolution requires at least eight reaction conditions of（1） reductive gas phase,（2） alkaline pH,（3） freezing temperature,（4）fresh water,（5） dry/dry-wet cycle,（6） coupling with high energy reactions,（7） heating-cooling cycle in water, and（8） extraterrestrial input of life＇s building blocks and reactive nutrients. The necessity of these mutually exclusive conditions clearly indicates that life＇s origin did not occur at a single setting; rather, it required highly diverse and dynamic environments that were connected with each other to allow intratransportation of reaction products and reactants through fluid circulation. Future experimental research that mimics the conditions of the proposed model are expected to provide further constraints on the processes and mechanisms for the origin of life.

关键词： Astrobiology Biochemistry Chemical evolution Extraterrestrial life Hadean Earth Hydrothermal systems