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Chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第23期52卷 3261-3266页

作者： ZHANG YongJun kang shichang QIN DaHe GRIGHOLM Bjorn MAYEWSKI Paul A. Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100085 China Graduate School of CAS Beijing 100049 China National Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences CAS Lanzhou 730000 China Climate Change Institute University of Maine Orono ME 04469 USA

Annual accumulation records covering 1935 to 2004 were reconstructed using Geladaindong ice core in the source of Yangtze River. A significant positive correlation between annual accumulation and precipitation from nearby meteorological stations was found, suggesting ice core accumulation could be taken as a precipitation proxy in the region. In the past 70 years, precipitation in the Geladaindong region was low from 1930s to early 1960s, and the lowest value occurred in the later 1950s. Since 1960s, precipitation increased dramatically and reached the maximum around 1980s, then decreased slightly in 1990s. By using Mann-Kendall rank statistical test method, a change point for precipitation was de- termined in 1967. Analysis of the atmospheric circulation over the Tibetan Plateau suggested that, compared with the southwest wind during the low precipitation period (before 1967), it extended about 2 latitudes northward during high precipitation period (after 1967). Moreover, during the high precipita- tion, the trough over the Bal Karshi Lake was also enhanced, and both the meridional wind and vapor transporting displayed a remarkable aggrandizement.

关键词：大气循环西藏气候学物质蓄积

Seasonality of carbonaceous aerosol composition and light absorption properties in Karachi,Pakistan

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第4期32卷 286-296页

作者： Pengfei Chen shichang kang Chaman Gul Lekhendra Tripathee Xiaoxiang Wang Zhaofu Hu Chaoliu Li Tao Pu State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources(CAS)Lanzhou 730000ChinaChinese Academy of Sciences CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Beijing 100101China Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchCASBeijing 100101China Reading Academy Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjingJiangsu210044China

Characteristics of carbonaceous aerosol(CA)and its light absorption properties are limited in Karachi,which is one of the most polluted metropolitan cities in South *** study presents a comprehensive measurement of seasonality of CA compositions and mass absorption cross-section(MAC)of elemental carbon(EC)and water-soluble organic carbon(WSOC)in total suspended particles(TSP)collected from February 2015 to March 2017 in the southwest part of *** average TSP,organic carbon(OC),and EC concentrations were extremely high with values as 391.0±217.0,37.2±28.0,and 8.53±6.97μg/m3,*** components showed clear seasonal variations with high concentrations occurring during fall and winter followed by spring and ***42-,NO3-,K+,and NH4+showed similar variations with CA,implying the significant influence on atmospheric pollutants from anthropogenic *** lower OC/EG ratio(4.20±2.50)compared with remote regions further indicates fossil fuel combustion as a primary source of ***,sea salt and soil dust are important contribution sources for *** average MAC of EC(632 nm)and WSOC(365 nm)were 6.56±2.70 and 0.97±0.37 m2/g,*** is comparable to that in urban areas but lower than that in remote regions,indicating the significant influence of local *** showed opposite distribution with EC,further suggesting that OC was significantly affected by local fossil fuel *** addition,dust might be an important factor increasing MACwsoc particularly during spring and summer.

关键词： Air pollution Organic carbon Elemental carbon Light absorption Pakistan

Concentration,sources and wet deposition of dissolved nitrogen and organic carbon in the Northern Indo-Gangetic Plain during monsoon

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第4期33卷 37-52页

作者： Hemraj Bhattarai Lekhendra Tripathee shichang kang Chhatra Mani Sharma Pengfei Chen Junming Guo Prakriti Sharma Ghimire Earth System Science Programme and Graduate Division of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Lanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchCASBeijing 100101China Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Beijing 100085China Himalayan Environment Research Institute(HERI) KathmanduNepal Central Department of Environmental Science Tribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal Kathmandu Center for Research and Education(KCRE) KathmanduNepal

Precipitation represents an important phenomenon for carbon and nitrogen ***,the concentrations and fluxes of dissolved organic carbon(DOC)and total dissolved nitrogen(TDN)with their potential sources were analyzed in wet precipitation during summer monsoon from the Northern Indo-Gangetic Plain(IGP),important but neglected *** volume-weighted mean(VWM)concentration of DOC and TDN were 687.04 and 1210.23μg/L,***,the VWM concentration of major ions were in a sequence of NH_(4)^(+)>Ca^(2+)>SO_(4)^(2-)>Na^(+)>K^(+)>NO_(3)~->Cl~->Mg^(2+)>F~->NO_(2)~-,suggesting NH_(4)^(+)and Ca^(2+)from agricultural activities and crustal dust played a vital role in precipitation ***,the wet deposition flux of DOC and TDN were 9.95 and 17.06 kg/(ha year),*** wet deposition flux of inorganic nitrogen species such as NH_(4)^(+)-N and NO_(3)^(-)-N were 14.31 and 0.47 kg/(ha year),respectively,demonstrating the strong influence of emission sources and precipitation *** attribution from different analysis suggested the influence of biomass burning on DOC and anthropogenic activities(agriculture,animal husbandry)on nitrogenous *** air-mass back trajectory analysis indicated the influence of air masses originating from the Bay of Bengal,which possibly carried marine and anthropogenic pollutants along with the biomass burning emissions to the sampling *** study bridges the data gap in the less studied part of the northern IGP region and provides new information for policy makers to deal with pollution control.

关键词： Precipitation chemistry Dissolved organic carbon Total dissolved nitrogen Major ions Indo-Gangetic Plain

Seasonal air temperature variations retrieved from a Geladaindong ice core, Tibetan Plateau

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2007年第4期17卷 431-441页

作者： ZHANG Yongjun kang shichang QIN Dahe REN Jiawen ZHANG Yulan Bjorn GRIGHOLM Paul MAYEWSKI Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research CAS Beijing 100085 China Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Key Laboratory of Cryosphere and Environment CAREEI CAS Lanzhou 730000 China Climate Change Institute University of Maine Orono ME 04469 USA

A 70-year history of precipitation δ^18O record has been retrieved using an ice core drilled from a plat portion of the firn area in the Guoqu Glacier （33°34＇37.8″ N, 91°10＇35.3″ E, 5720 m a.s.l.） on Mt. Geladaindong （the source region of Yangtze River） during October and November, 2005. Based on the seasonality of δ^18O records and the significant positive relationships between monsoon/non-monsoon δ^18O values and summer/spring air temperature from the nearby meteorological stations, the history of summer and spring air temperature have been reconstructed for the last 70 years. The results show that both summer and spring air temperature variations present similar trends during the last 70 years. Regression analysis indicates that the slope of the temperature-δ^18O relationship is 1.3℃/‰ for non-monsoon δ^18O values and spring air temperature, and 0.4℃/‰ for monsoon δ^18O values and summer air temperature. Variation of air temperature recorded in the ice core is consistent with that in the Northern Hemisphere （NH）, however, the warming trend in the Geladaindong region is more intense than that in the NH, reflecting a higher sensitivity to global warming in the high elevation regions. In addition, warming trend is greater in spring than in summer.

关键词： ice core δ^18O summer spring air temperature variations Mt. Geladaindong Tibetan Plateau

The evapotranspiration and environmental controls of typical underlying surfaces on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2021年第1期13卷 53-61页

作者： JinLei Chen Jun Wen shichang kang XianHong Meng XianYu Yang State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Processes and Climate Change Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China CAS Centre for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Beijing 100101China College of Atmospheric Sciences Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengduSichuan 610225China

To reveal the characteristics of evapotranspiration and environmental control factors of typical underlying surfaces(alpine wetland and alpine meadow)on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,a comprehensive study was performed via in situ observations and remote sensing data in the growing season and non-growing *** was positively correlated with precipitation,the decoupling coefficient,and the enhanced vegetation index,but was energy-limited and mainly controlled by the vapor pressure deficit and solar radiation at an annual scale and growing season scale,*** with the non-growing season,monthly evapotranspiration,equilibrium evaporation,and decoupling coefficient were greater in the growing season due to lower vegetation resistance and considerable ***,these factors were restricted in the alpine *** decoupling factor was more sensitive to changes of conductance in the alpine *** study is of great significance for understanding hydro-meteorological processes on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

关键词： evapotranspiration control factor typical underlying surfaces Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Developmental toxicity assessment of neonicotinoids and organophosphate esters with a human embryonic stem cell-and metabolism-based fast-screening model

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 370-381页

作者： Shuxian Zhang Miaomiao Zhao shichang Li Renjun Yang Nuoya Yin Francesco Faiola State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

In recent years,neonicotinoids(NEOs)and organophosphate esters(OPEs)have been widely used as substitutes for traditional pesticides and brominated fame-retardants,*** studies have shown that those compounds can be frequently detected in environmental and human samples,are able to penetrate the placental barrier,and are toxic to ***,it is reasonable to speculate that NEOs and OPEs may have potential adverse effects in humans,especially during *** employed a human embryonic stem cell differentiation-and liver S9 fraction metabolism-based fast screening model to assess the potential embryonic toxicity of those two types of *** show that four NEO and five OPE prototypes targeted mostly ectoderm specification,as neural ectoderm and neural crest genes were down-regulated,and surface ectoderm and placode markers *** liver S9 fraction's treatment could generally reduce the effects of the chemicals,except in a few specific instances,indicating the liver may detoxify NEOs and *** findings suggest that NEOs and OPEs interfere with human early embryonic development.

关键词： Neonicotinoids Organophosphate esters Human embryonic stem cells Fast screening model Developmental toxicity

Improved Land Use and Leaf Area Index Enhances WRF-3DVAR Satellite Radiance Assimilation： A Case Study Focusing on Rainfall Simulation in the Shule River Basin during July 2013

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第6期35卷 628-644页

作者： Junhua YANG Zhenming JI Deliang CHEN shichang kang Congshen FU Keqin DUAN Miaogen SHEN State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Lanzhou 730000 China School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China Department of Earth Sciences University of Gothenburg Gothenburg 40530 Sweden Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06511 USA College of Tourism and Environment Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710000 China Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Beijing 100101 China

The application of satellite radiance assimilation can improve the simulation of precipitation by numerical weather prediction models. However, substantial quantities of satellite data, especially those derived from low-level（surface-sensitive）channels, are rejected for use because of the difficulty in realistically modeling land surface emissivity and energy ***, we used an improved land use and leaf area index（LAI） dataset in the WRF-3 DVAR assimilation system to explore the benefit of using improved quality of land surface information to improve rainfall simulation for the Shule River Basin in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau as a case study. The results for July 2013 show that, for low-level channels（e.g., channel 3）,the underestimation of brightness temperature in the original simulation was largely removed by more realistic land surface information. In addition, more satellite data could be utilized in the assimilation because the realistic land use and LAI data allowed more satellite radiance data to pass the deviation test and get used by the assimilation, which resulted in improved initial driving fields and better simulation in terms of temperature, relative humidity, vertical convection, and cumulative precipitation.

关键词： WRF-3DVAR land use leaf area index radiance assimilation rainfall simulation

Concentration level and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil and grass around Mt. Qomolangma, China

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第10期52卷 1405-1413页

作者： WANG XiaoPing YAO TanDong CONG ZhiYuan YAN XinLiang kang shichang ZHANG Yong Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China School of Chemistry and Engineering Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China

High mountains may serve as a condenser for persistent organic pollutants. In the present study, soil and grass samples from Mt. Qomolangma region, China were collected from 4600 to 5620 m a.s.l and were analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to determine if they are concentrated at colder, more elevated sites and to evaluate their possible resources and fractionation. The total PAHs concentration in soil samples was < 600 ng g?1, the critical value to differentiate PAHs levels in remote and urban regions. This implied the PAHs levels at Mt. Qomolangma are relatively low and what one might expect in such a remote region of the world. These low values may represent a soil background for mid-latitude Northern Hemisphere soils away from the direct influence of an anthropogenic source. As for the distribution pattern, the low molecular weight PAHs were prone to accumulate at higher altitude, while the high molecular weight PAHs inversely related or unrelated with elevation. Based on high concentration of phenanthrene at elevated sample site and the ratios of individual PAHs, we deduced that home-heating combustion and vehicle emission may result in the constitution trait of PAHs in this mountain region. Monsoon traveling over India, Pakistan and other countries with dense population may carry contaminant to Mt. Qomolangma region.

关键词：中国珠穆朗玛峰周围土壤草地多环芳烃富集浓度分布远距离迁移 PAHs

The temporal and spatial variation of positive degree-day factors on the Koxkar Glacier over the south slope of the Tianshan Mountains, China, from 2005 to 2010

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2017年第5期9卷 425-431页

作者： Min Xu HaiDong Han shichang kang State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences

The degree-day model is one important method to estimate glacier melt, which is based on the specific relationship between glacial melting and the sum of daily mean temperatures above the melting point. According to the observation data on the Koxkar Glacier(KG) from 2005 to 2010, we analyzed the temporal and spatial variation of degree-day factors(DDF) and its influential factors. The results indicate that the average value of DDF was 7.2~10.4 mm/(°C·d) on the KG from 2005 to 2010. It showed a decreasing trend between 3,700 m and 4,200 m, and the deceasing trend was more obvious in the upper part of the KG. On a spatial scale, the DDF increased evidently with increasing altitude. The DDF ranged from3.6 to 9.3 mm/(°C·d) at 3,700 m a.s.l., with the average value of 9.3 mm/(°C·d). It varied from 6.9 to 13.0 mm/(°C·d) at4,000 m a.s.l., with the average value of 10.2 mm/(°C·d). During the period of ablation, the fluctuation of DDF was not significant at the lower altitude(3,700 m a.s.l.), but it decreased at the higher altitudes(4,000 m a.s.l. and 4,200 m a.s.l.).The debris changes the transmission of heat, which accelerates the melting of a glacier; and the DDF showed high *** paper will provide the reference for temporal–spatial parameterization schemes of DDF on Tuomuer glaciers of the Tianshan Mountains.

关键词： degree-day factor temporal and spatial variation glacier ablation Koxkar Glacier

Carbonaceous matter in glacier at the headwaters of the Yangtze River:Concentration,sources and fractionation during the melting process

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第1期32卷 389-397页

作者： Zhaofu Hu shichang kang Xiaobo He Fangping Yan Yulan Zhang Pengfei Chen Xiaofei Li Shaopeng Gao Chaoliu Li State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Department of Green Chemistry School of Engineering ScienceLappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology LUTSammonkatu 12FI-50130 MikkeliFinland CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy qf SciencesXi'an 710000China

Carbonaceous matter has an important impact on glacial retreat in the Tibetan Plateau,further affecting the water resource ***,the related studies on carbonaceous matter are still scarce in Geladaindong(GLDD)region,the source of the Yangtze ***,the concentration,source and variations of carbonaceous matter at Ganglongjiama(GLJM)glacier in GLDD region were investigated during the melting period in 2017,which could deepen our understanding on carbonaceous matter contribution to glacier *** results showed that dissolved organic carbon(DOC)concentration of snowpit samples(283±200μg/L)was much lower than that of precipitation samples(624±361μg/L),indicating that large parts of DOC could be rapidly leached from the snowpit during the melting *** contrast,refractory black carbon(rBC)concentration measured by Single Particle Soot Photometer of snowpit samples(4.27±3.15μg/L)was much higher than that of precipitation samples(0.97±0.49μg/L).Similarly,DOC with high mass absorption cross-section measured at 365 nm value was also likely to enrich in snowpit during the melting *** addition,it was found that both r BC and DOC with high light-absorbing ability began to leach from the snowpit when melting process became ***,rBC and DOC with high light-absorbing ability exhibited similar behavior during the melting *** on relationship among DOC,rBC and K^+ in precipitation,the main source of carbonaceous matter in GLJM glacier was biomass burning during the study period.

关键词： Carbonaceous matter Major ions Melting process Light absorption characteristic Tibetan Plateau