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Climate change over the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin during 1961-2005

Journal of Geographical Sciences 2007年第4期17卷 409-420页

作者： YOU Qinglong kang shichang WU Yanhong YAN Yuping Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research CAS Beijing 100085 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China National Climate Center Beijing 100081 China

The Yarlung Zangbo River （YR） is the highest great river in the world, and its basin is one of the centers of human economic activity in Tibet. Using 10 meteorological stations over the YR basin in 1961-2005, the spatial and temporal characteristics of temperature and precipitation as well as potential evapotranspiration are analyzed. The results are as follows. （1） The annual and four seasonal mean air temperature shows statistically significant increasing trend, the tendency is more significant in winter and fall. The warming in Lhasa river basin is most significant. （2） The precipitation is decreasing from the 1960s to the 1980s and increasing since the 1980s. From 1961 to 2005, the annual and four seasonal mean precipitation is increasing but not statistically significant, especially in fall and spring. The increasing precipitation rates are more pronounced in Niyangqu and Palong Zangbo river basins, the closer to the upper YR is, the less precipitation increasing rate would be. （3） The annual and four seasonal mean potential evapotranspiration has decreased, especially after the 1980s, and most of it happens in winter and spring. The decreasing trend is most significant in the middle YR and Nianchu river basin. （4） Compared with the Mt. Qomolangma region, Tibetan Plateau, China and global average, the magnitudes of warming trend over the YR basin since the 1970s exceed those areas in the same period, and compared with the Tibetan Plateau, the magnitudes of precipitation increasing and potential evapotranspiration decreasing are larger, suggesting that the YR basin is one of the most sensitive areas to global warming.

关键词： Yarlung Zangbo river basin climate change sensitivity

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Reliability of NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data in the Himalayas/Tibetan Plateau

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2007年第4期17卷 421-430页

作者： XIE Aihong REN Jiawen QIN Xiang kang shichang State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Cold and Arid Regions Environment and Engineering Re-search Institute CAS Lanzhou 730000 China Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research CAS Beijing 100085 China

Due to the difficult logistics in the extreme high elevation regions over the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau, the observational meteorological data are very few. In 2003, an automatic weather station was deployed at the northeastern saddle of Mt. Nyainqentanglha （NQ）（30°24＇44.3″N, 90°34＇13.1″E, 5850 m a.s.l.）, the southern Tibetan Plateau. In 2005, another station was operated at the East Rongbuk GlacierCol （28°01 ＇0.95″N, 86°57＇48.4″E, 6523 m a.s.l.） of Mt. Qomolangma. Observational data from the two sites have been compared with the reanalysis data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research （NCEP/NCAR）, reliability of NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data has been investigated in the Himalayas/Tibetan Plateau region. The reanalysis data can capture much of the synoptic-scale variability in temperature and pressure, although the reanalysis values are systematically lower than the observation. Furthermore, most of the variability magnitude is, to some degree, underestimated. In addition, the weather event extracted from the NCEP/NCAR reanalyzed pressure and temperature prominently appears one day ahead of the observational data on Mt. Qomolangma, while on Mt. NQ it occurs basically in the same day.

关键词： Mt. Qomolangma Mt. Nyainqentanglha NCEP/NCAR Himalayas-Tibetan Plateau

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Carbonaceous particles in the atmosphere and precipitation of the Nam Co region, central Tibet

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第11期22卷 1748-1756页

作者： Jing Ming Cunde Xiao Junying Sun shichang kang Paolo Bonasoni State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Cold and Arid Region Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China National Climate Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry Centre for Atmosphere Watch & Services China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China Institute for Atmospheric Sciences and Climate CNR Bologna Italy

A continuous air and precipitation sampling for carbonaceous particles was conducted in a field observatory beside Nam Co, Central Tibetan Plateau during July of 2006 through January of 2007. Organic carbon （OC） was the dominant composition of the carbonaceous particles both in the atmosphere （1660 ng/m ^3 ） and precipitation （476 ng/g） in this area, while the average elemental carbon （BC） concentrations in the atmosphere and precipitation were only 82 ng/m 3 and 8 ng/g, respectively. Very high OC/BC ratio suggested local secondary organic carbon could be a dominant contribution to OC over the Nam Co region, while BC could be mainly originated from Southern Asia, as indicated by trajectory analysis and aerosol optical depth. Comparison between the BC concentrations measured in Lhasa, those at ＂Nepal Climate Observatory at Pyramid （NCO-P）＂ site on the southern slope of the Himalayas, and Nam Co suggested BC in the Nam Co region reflected a background with weak anthropogenic disturbances and the emissions from Lhasa might have little impact on the atmospheric environment here, while the pollutants from the Indo-Gangetic Basin of Southern Asia could be transported to the Nam Co region by both the summer monsoon and the westerly.

关键词： carbonaceous particle elemental carbon organic carbon Nam Co Tibetan Plateau

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Global warming weakening the inherent stability of glaciers and permafrost

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Science Bulletin 2019年第4期64卷 245-253页

作者： Yongjian Ding Shiqiang Zhang Lin Zhao Zhongqin Li shichang kang State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest China Ecological Environment and Resource Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy Sciences Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity Northwest University College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Northwest University State Cryosphere Monitor and Research Station Northwest China Ecological Environment and Resource Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences State Glacier Monitor and Research Station Northwest China Ecological Environment and Resource Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences

The Cryosphere has been undergoing a worldwide retreat, as seen in the decrease in the areal extent and volume of glaciers and in the areal extent of permafrost. This paper presents a systematic examination of the inherent stability changes of glaciers and permafrost caused by warming. Various study results suggest that over the past 30 years, the internal temperature of glaciers and permafrost exhibits an overall accelerating warming trend. The warming rate peaked in the mid-2000s and slowed slightly for several years afterward. In recent years, however, the warming rate has seemed to pick up again. The warming of glaciers and permafrost has exerted great impact on their stability, displayed as intensified melting,increased glacier surging, enlargement of supraglacial lakes, and increased permafrost *** without a future temperature increase, some glaciers will continue to shrink, and the number of surging glaciers will increase. The transition from low-temperature to high-temperature permafrost is a noticeable warning sign of a comprehensive degradation of permafrost. These results indicate that‘‘warming" glaciers and permafrost will exert significant impacts on the hydrology, ecology, and stability of engineering in cold regions.

关键词： Warming Englacial temperature Permafrost Internal thermal state Stability

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Modification and coupled use of technologies are an essential envisioned need for bioaerosol study - An emerging public health concern

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Fundamental Research 2022年第2期2卷 218-221页

作者： Prakriti Sharma Ghimire Lekhendra Tripathee shichang kang State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Lanzhou 730000China Himalayan Environment Research Institute(HERI) Kathmandu 44602Nepal University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100864China

The airborne microbiome is one of the relevant topics in ecology,biogeochemistiy,environment,and human *** are ubiquitous air pollutants that play a vital role in the linking of the ecosystem with the biosphere,atmosphere,climate,and public ***,the sources,abundance,composition,properties,and atmospheric transport mechanisms of bioaerosols are not clearly *** screen the effects of climate change on aerosol microbial composition and its consequences for human health,it is first essential to develop standards that recognize the existing microbial components and how they vary *** particles can be considered an information-rich unit comprising diverse cellular and protein materials emitted by humans,animals,and ***,no single standard technique can satisfactorily extract the required information about *** account for these issues,metagenomics,mass spectrometry,and biological and chemical analyses can be combined with climatic studies to understand the physical and biological relationships among *** can be achieved by strengthening interdisciplinary teamwork in biology,chemistry,earth science,and life sciences and by sharing knowledge and expertise ***,the coupled use of various advanced analytical approaches is the ultimate key to opening up the biological treasure that lies in the environment.

关键词： Bioaerosols Environment Bioaerosol measurement Public health concern Airborne microbiology

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Magnetic characteristics of lake sediments in Qiangyong Co Lake,southern Tibetan Plateau and their application to the evaluation of mercury deposition

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2020年第9期30卷 1481-1494页

作者： GAO Xing kang shichang LIU Qingsong CHEN Pengfei DUAN Zongqi State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesCASLanzhou 730000China Departme nt of Ocea n Scie nee and Engin eeri ng Souther n Un iversity of Science and Tech no logyShe nzhen 518055GuangdongChina The Geographical Society of China Beijing 100101China

Heavy metals,one of the most toxic classes of pollutants,are resistant to degradation and harmful to the biological *** lakes that have developed on the Tibetan Plateau are ideal regions to investigate historic heavy metal pollution,particularly through the use of the reliable 210 Pb dating *** magnetism has been successfully applied to estimate heavy metal pollution in different environmental systems due to its characteristics of simple processing steps,good sensitivity,and ***,it has not yet been applied to assess heavy metal pollution in lake sediments on the Tibetan Plateau.A series of environmental magnetic investigations of Qiangyong Co Lake sediments(southern Tibetan Plateau) was therefore conducted to explore the relationship between magnetic minerals and mercury(Hg) *** results showed that the magnetic mineral species in lake sediments remained stable,with similar levels of four different components from 1899 to ***,the proportion of component 1(C1,hematite) increased continuously with the corresponding decrease in the proportion of C2(goethite),while the proportions of C3 and C4(magnetite) did not change *** a result,the bulk magnetic signals(e.g.,SIRM and clf) were unsuitable for the evaluation of the Hg concentration;however,the proportion of hematite had a strong positive correlation with the Hg *** is possible that the Qiangyong Glacier(the main water supply for Qiangyong Co Lake) has experienced faster melting with global and local warming,and the Hg trapped in cryoconite and ice was ***,with a large specific surface area,has a strong capacity for absorbing Hg,and both materials are ultimately transported to Qiangyong Co *** proportion of hematite in a sample is therefore a suitable semi-quantitative proxy that can be used to evaluate the Hg concentration in Qiangyong Co Lake *** study confirmed that the variation of

关键词： southern Tibetan Plateau Qiangyong Co Lake environmental magnetism mercury(Hg)deposition

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Synthesis of unique-morphological hollow microspheres of MoS2@montmorillonite nanosheets for the enhancement of photocatalytic activity and cycle stability

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第6期41卷 88-97页

作者： Peng Chen Shilin Zeng Yunliang Zhao shichang kang Tingting Zhang Shaoxian Song Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment Wuhan University of TechnologyLuoshi Road 122WuhanHubei430070China School of Resources and Environmental Engineering Wuhan University of TechnologyLuoshi Road 122WuhanHubei430070China

In this work,MoS2@montmorillonite nanosheets hollow microspheres(MoS2@MMTNS-HMS)with a novel morphology structure was successfully synthesized through loading MoS2 to the surface of MMTNS-HMS via hydrothermal *** novel material has been characterized through the measurements of SEM,TEM,Raman spectra and UV–vis absorption *** results have shown that MoS2@MMTNS-HMS emerges higher light-utilization efficiency,density of edge active sites and separation of photoelectrons,owing to its unique hollow structure,vertically-aligned MoS2 nanosheets,which greatly enhances its photocatalytic ***,the cycle stability of MoS2@MMTNS-HMS is much higher than that of pristine MoS2,which is attributed to that MMTNS-HMS greatly inhibits the oxidation of MoS2 during ***2@MMTNS-HMS could be a promising photocatalyst for the applications in the elimination of organic pollutants.

关键词： MoS2 Montmorillonite Hollow microsphere Photocatalytic Methyl orange

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A method for estimating the contribution of evaporative vapor from Nam Co to local atmospheric vapor based on stable isotopes of water bodies

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2011年第14期56卷 1511-1517页

作者： XU YanWei kang shichang ZHANG YuLan ZHANG YongJun Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes. Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere and Environment Lanzhou 730000 China

During the summer monsoon season,the moisture of precipitation events in southern and central regions of the Tibetan Plateau is mainly moisture from the Indian Ocean transported by the Indian monsoon and terrestrial vapor derived from the surface of the Tibetan ***,the respective contributions of these two types of moisture are not *** June to September,the excess deuterium values of precipitation and river water in the Nam Co basin are higher than those for the southern Tibetan *** reflects the mixing of evaporation from Nam Co and local atmospheric *** the basis of theory for estimating the contribution of evaporative vapor from surface water bodies to atmospheric vapor and relative stable isotopes in water bodies (precipitation,river water,atmospheric moisture and lake water),this study preliminarily estimates that the average contribution of evaporation from the Lake Nam Co to local atmospheric vapor has varied from 28.4% to 31.1% during the summer monsoon season in recent years.

关键词：稳定同位素方法大气水汽地表水体纳木错蒸发青藏高原南部蒸汽估算

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CBA: multi source fusion model for fast and intelligent target intention identification

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2024年第2期35卷 406-416页

作者： WAN shichang LI Qingshan WANG Xuhua LU Nanhua School of Computer Science and Technology Xidian UniversityXi’an 710071China School of Mathematics and Computer Application Shangluo UniversityShangluo 726000China

How to mine valuable information from massive multisource heterogeneous data and identify the intention of aerial targets is a major research focus at present. Aiming at the longterm dependence of air target intention recognition, this paper deeply explores the potential attribute features from the spatiotemporal sequence data of the target. First, we build an intelligent dynamic intention recognition framework, including a series of specific processes such as data source, data preprocessing,target space-time, convolutional neural networks-bidirectional gated recurrent unit-atteneion (CBA) model and intention recognition. Then, we analyze and reason the designed CBA model in detail. Finally, through comparison and analysis with other recognition model experiments, our proposed method can effectively improve the accuracy of air target intention recognition,and is of significance to the commanders’ operational command and situation prediction.

关键词： intention massive data deep network artificial intelligence

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Response of Zhadang Glacier runoffin Nam Co Basin,Tibet,to changes in air temperature and precipitation form

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第20期55卷 2103-2110页

作者： ZHOU ShiQiao kang shichang GAO TanGuang ZHANG GuoShuai Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China

This paper describes 2007/2008 inter-annual changes in runoff from the Zhadang Glacier located on the northern slope of Nyainqêntanglha Range,Tibet,and analyzes their *** increased by 17.9%in summer months of 2008 compared with the same period in 2007,drainage basin runoff decreased by 33.3%,and glacial meltwater decreased by 53.8%.Change in positive accumulated air temperature explained approximately half of the inter-annual difference in glacial meltwater using a degree-day *** suggests that the glacier is extremely sensitive to changes in air *** balance analysis showed that change in glacier surface albedo,considered to be caused by difference in precipitation form,resulted in the large inter-annual difference in glacial *** was shown statistically that precipitation form in the summer months of 2007 was mainly rainfall which comprised 71.5%of total precipitation,while during the same period in 2008 rainfall accounted for 30.7%,with the majority of precipitation falling as *** form should be considered an independent factor when analyzing glacier sensitivity to climate change or forecasting the runoff from certain glaciers.

关键词：降水形态冰川变化年径流量气温变化西藏纳木错盆地冰川融水

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