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Atmospheric particle-bound mercury in the northern Indo-Gangetic Plain region:Insights into sources from mercury isotope analysis and influencing factors

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第1期13卷 85-95页

作者： Junming Guo Lekhendra Tripathee shichang kang Qianggong Zhang Jie Huang Chhatra Mani Sharma Pengfei Chen Rukumesh Paudyal Dipesh Rupakheti State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Himalayan Environment Research Institute(HERI) KathmanduNepal Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039China Central Department of Environmental Science Tribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal

Lumbini is a world heritage site located in the southern plains region of Nepal, and is regarded as a potential site for evaluating transboundary air pollution due to its proximity to the border with India. In this study, 82 aerosol samples were collected between April 2013 and July 2014 to investigate the levels of particulate-bound mercury(PBM) and the corresponding seasonality, sources, and influencing *** PBM concentration in total suspended particulate(TSP) matter ranged from 6.8 pg m^(-3) to351.7 pg m^(-3)(mean of 99.7 ± 92.6 pg m^(-3)), which exceeded the ranges reported for remote and rural sites worldwide. The Hg content(PBM/TSP) ranged from 68.2 ng g^(-1) to 1744.8 ng g^(-1)(mean of 446.9 ±312.7 ng g^(-1)), indicating anthropogenic enrichment. The PBM levels were higher in the dry season(i.e.,winter and the pre-monsoon period) than in the wet season(i.e., the monsoon period). In addition, the δ^(202) Hg signature indicated that waste/coal burning and traffic were the major sources of Hg in Lumbini during the pre-monsoon period. Meanwhile, precipitation occurring during photochemical processes in the atmosphere may have been responsible for the observed Δ^(199) Hg values in the aerosol samples obtained during the monsoon period. The PBM concentration was influenced mostly by the resuspension of polluted dust during dry periods and crop residue burning during the post-monsoon period. The estimated PBM deposition flux at Lumbini was 15.7 lg m^(-2) yr^(-1). This study provides a reference dataset of atmospheric PBM over a year, which can be useful for understanding the geochemical cycling of Hg in this region of limited data.

关键词： Particle-bound mercury Seasonality Mercury isotopes Deposition flux Indo-Gangetic Plain

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Seasonal features of aerosol particles recorded in snow from Mt. Qomolangma (Everest) and their environmental implications

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第7期21卷 914-919页

作者： CONG Zhiyuan kang shichang QIN Dahe Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

To assess the seasonality of aerosol deposition and anthropogenic effects on central Himalayas, a 1.85-m deep snow pit was dug on the northern slope of Mt. Qomolangma （Everest）. Based on the morphology and energy dispersive X-ray （EDX） signal, totally 1500 particles were classed into 7 groups： soot; aluminosilicates; fly ash; calcium sulfates; Ca/Mg carbonates; metal oxides; and biological particles and carbon fragments. The size distribution and number fractions of different particle groups exhibited distinct seasonal variations between non-monsoon and monsoon periods, which are clearly related to the differences in air mass pathways. Specifically, the relative abundance of soot in non-monsoon period （25%） was much higher than that in monsoon period （14%）, indicating Mt. Qomolangma region received more anthropogenic influence in non-monsoon than monsoon period.

关键词： Mt. Qomolangma seasonality SEM-EDX aerosol particle

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Dissolved organic carbon fractionation in wet deposition and its potential impact on radiative forcing in the central Tibetan Plateau

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2023年第4期15卷 171-178页

作者： ZhaoFu Hu ChaoLiu Li shichang kang XiaoFei Li Chao Zhang Fangping Yan XiaoBo He PengFei Chen State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and TechnologyXi'anShaanxi 710021China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

As an important component of carbonaceous matters,dissolved organic carbon(DOC)can absorb and scatter the solar radiation at ultraviolet and blue *** wet deposition process has great impact on the con-centration and light absorption ability of precipitation DOC,affecting the climatic effect caused by DOC in the *** this study,light absorption and fluorescence characteristics of precipitation DOC was investigated in the central Tibetan Plateau(TP).The results showed that the mean DOC concentration and mass absorption cross-section measured at 365 nm(MAC_(365)) in Tanggula(TGL)station were 0.59±0.42 mg/L and 0.37±0.19 m^(2)/g,respectively,while both values showed much higher volatilities than those of *** concentrations had significant negative correlation with the precipitation amount,while MAC_(365) values increase with the precipitation amount in TGL ***,DOC with high light-absorbing ability was preferred to be retained in the atmosphere during wet *** this study,precipitation DOC contained three fluorescent components(one humic-like component and two tyrosine-like components)mainly from local biomass burning *** concentration showed a negative relationship with MAC_(365) value in TGL *** wet deposition of DOC with low light-absorbing ability can reduce the strong negative radiative forcing caused by secondary organic aerosol due to high proportion of DOC in secondary organic *** phenomenon was also found in Nam Co,Lulang and Everest stations of previous study,which may have a potential impact on radiative forcing in the atmosphere of TP.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau Wet deposition Dissolved organic carbon Light absorption ability Fluorescence characteristics

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Influencing domain of peripheral sources in the urban heavy pollution process of Beijing

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Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第4期48卷 565-575页

作者： kang shichang Paul A. Mayewski Climate Change Institute University of Maine Orono ME 04469 USA

The effect of city’s peripheral pollution sources is one of the key issues urgent to be solved in the decision-making of Beijing’s environmental pollution control. This paper comprehensively analyses the surface observations, and the satellite remote sensing data of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) during the Beijing City Atmospheric Pollution Experiment (BECAPEX) from January to March, 2001, presents an "upstream" wind field resultant vector method for tracing peripheral pollution sources, and finds that the features of the urban heavy pollution processes of Beijing are significantly correlated with the impact of the emission sources of southern peripheral cities, and the pollutants transferred northwards from distant upstream sources are retarded by the U-shaped "Valley" topography in Beijing’s periphery. The two factors are responsible for the formation of the S-N zonal influencing domain of pollutants from the southern peripheral areas to Beijing. The paper also comprehensively analyses the features of flow field in the heavy pollution process in the Beijing region, and compares the heavy pollution process with samples of good air-quality days from January to March, 2001. The experiment of Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model (HYSPLIT-4) further reveals the diffusion trajectory of pollutants of the cities in Hebei and Shandong provinces and Tianjin city in the heavy pollution process of Beijing, and the simulations of the Regional Atmosphere Model System (RAMS) confirm the possible contribution of peripheral sources to the exceptionally heavy pollution process of the urban area of Beijing, thus revealing that the input of pollutants from southern peripheral cities is one of the important factors responsible for aggravating urban heavy pollution processes.

关键词： city's periphery, distant transfer, pollutants transfer, dynamic diffusion, influencing source.

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Characteristics of Spatial and Temporal Variations of Monthly Mean Surface Air Temperature over Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Chinese Geographical Science 2006年第4期16卷 351-358页

作者： ZHANG Qianggong kang shichang YAN Yuping Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Key Laboratory of Cryosphere and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China National Climate Center Bering 100081 China

The recorded meteorological data of monthly mean surface air temperature from 72 meteorological stations over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the period of 1960-2003 have been analyzed by using Empirical Orthogonal Function(EOF) method,to understand the detailed features of its temporal and spatial *** results show that there was a high consistency of the monthly mean surface air temperature,with a secondarily different variation between the north and the south of the *** trend has existed at all stations since the 1960s,while the warming rates were different in various *** source regions of big rivers had intense warming ***,November and De-cember were the top three fast-warming months since the 1960s;while April,July and September presented dramatic warming tendency during the last decade.

关键词：青藏高原月平均地表气温时空变异气候变化 EOF分析

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Seasonal variation of atmospheric elemental carbon aerosols at Zhongshan Station,East Antarctica

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Advances in Polar Science 2022年第4期33卷 301-312页

作者： LIU Yan LI Chuanjin WANG Xiaoming DING Minghu DU Zhiheng SHI Guitao SUN Bo kang shichang XIAO Cunde State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(UCAS)Beijing 100049China Institute of Meteorological Sciences in Tibetan Plateau and Polar Regions Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science Ministry of EducationSchool of Geographic Sciences and State Key Lab of Estuarine and Coastal ResearchEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China Key Laboratory for Polar Science MNRPolar Research Institute of ChinaShanghai 200062China State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

Elemental carbon(or black carbon)(EC or BC)aerosols emitted by biomass burning and fossil fuel combustion could cause notable climate *** Hemisphere biomass burning emissions have contributed substantially to EC deposition in ***,we present the seasonal variation of EC determined from aerosol samples acquired at Zhongshan Station(ZSS),East *** concentration of EC in the atmosphere varied between 0.02 and 257.81 ng·m^(-3)with a mean value of 44.87±48.92 ng·m^(-3).The concentration of EC aerosols reached its peak in winter(59.04 ng·m^(-3))and was lowest(27.26 ng·m^(-3))in *** trajectory analysis showed that biomass burning in southern South America was the major source of the EC found at ZSS,although some of it was derived from southern Australia,especially during *** 2019–2020 Australian bush fires had some influence on EC deposition at ZSS,especially during 2019,but the contribution diminished in 2020,leaving southern South America as the dominant source of EC.

关键词： Zhongshan Station elemental carbon aerosols seasonal variations

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Cryosphere as a temporal sink and source of microplastics in the Arcticregion

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第4期14卷 187-199页

作者： Yulan Zhang Tanguang Gao shichang kang Deonie Allen Zhaoqing Wang Xi Luo Ling Yang Jinlei Chen Zhaofu Hu Pengfei Chen Wentao Du Steve Allen State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China College of Earth and Environmental Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China School of Geography Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB152TTUK School for Resource and Environmental Studies Dalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova Scotia B3H 4R2Canada University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Microplastics(MPs)pollution has become a serious environmental issue of growing global concern due to the increasing plastic production and *** climate warming,the cryosphere,defined as the part of Earth’s layer characterized by the low temperatures and the presence of frozen water,has been experiencing significant *** Arctic cryosphere(e.g.,sea ice,snow cover,Greenland ice sheet,permafrost)can store and release pollutants into environments,making Arctic an important temporal sink and source of ***,we summarized the distributions of MPs in Arctic snow,sea ice,seawater,rivers,and sediments,to illustrate their potential sources,transport pathways,storage and release,and possible effects in this sentinel *** concentrations of MPs in snow and ice varied about 1-6 orders of magnitude in different regions,which were mostly attributed to the different sampling and measurement methods,and potential sources of *** concentrations from Arctic seawater,river/lake water,and sediments also fluctuated largely,ranging from several items of per unit to>40,000 items m^(-3),100 items m^(-3),and 10,000 items kg^(-1) dw,*** land snow cover can be a temporal storage of MPs,with MPs deposition flux of about(4.9-14.26)×10^(8) items km^(-2) yr^(-1).MPs transported by rivers to Arctic ocean was estimated to be approximately 8-48 ton/yr,with discharge flux of MPs at about(1.65-9.35)×10^(8) items/*** storage of MPs in sea ice was estimated to be about 6.1×10^(18) items,with annual release of about 5.1×10^(18) *** transport of MPs from long-distance terrestrial sources contributed significantly to MPs deposition in Arctic land snow cover,sea ice and oceanic surface *** Great Rivers can flow MPs into the Arctic *** ice can temporally store,transport and then release MPs in the surrounded *** currents from the Atlantic brought high concentrations of MPs into the ***,there existed large u

关键词： Microplastics Arctic Sea ice Snow Seawater Sediments

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长期海洋性冰川与环境监测研究支撑区域可持续发展

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中国科学院院刊 2024年第3期39卷 572-578页

作者：王世金康世昌陈拓何元庆杨梅学李全莲牛贺文蒲焘张昺林车彦军郭万钦燕兴国马兴刚王荣军中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院冰冻圈科学与冻土工程重点实验室兰州730000 中国科学院玉龙雪山冰冻圈与可持续发展野外科学观测研究站丽江674100 米堆冰川-光谢错冰湖灾害西藏自治区野外科学观测研究站林芝860000

经过20年的发展,中国科学院玉龙雪山冰冻圈与可持续发展野外科学观测研究站已建成集观测、研究、示范与服务于一体的海洋性冰川与环境野外综合观测体系与数据在线可视化平台。该平台以海洋性冰川与环境长期定位监测为基础,围绕海洋性冰... 详细信息

经过20年的发展,中国科学院玉龙雪山冰冻圈与可持续发展野外科学观测研究站已建成集观测、研究、示范与服务于一体的海洋性冰川与环境野外综合观测体系与数据在线可视化平台。该平台以海洋性冰川与环境长期定位监测为基础,围绕海洋性冰川区可持续发展关键科学问题,深入分析了海洋性冰川变化的过程机理,揭示了海洋性冰川变化的水文、微生物、气候效应,评估了海洋性冰川旅游服务成效与冰湖溃决灾害综合风险,研究成果为区域可持续发展提供了科技支撑。

关键词：长期定位监测海洋性冰川与环境区域可持续发展冰冻圈科学

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Review of the studies on climate change since the last inter-glacial period on the Tibetan Plateau

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2006年第3期16卷 337-345页

作者： LI Chaoliu kang shichang Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research CAS Beijing 100085 China Joint Key Laboratory of Cryosphere and Environment Lanzhou 730000 China

As the ＂Third Pole＂ of the world, the Tibetan Plateau has important effects on climate of its surrounding areas and even the whole world. Many results have been achieved on climate change since the last inter-glacial period in recent decades from ice core, tree-ring and lake sediment records over the Tibetan Plateau. In this paper, we review these achievements, especially those in the special periods. During the last inter-glacial period, temperature went down rapidly and went up slowly. The temperature record of the last glacial period is consistent with Greenland ice core records, also having own features over the Tibetan Plateau. Younger Dryas event agrees with the records from Europe and Greenland. Generally speaking, it is warm in the Holocene, and temperature has been rising gradually in the last 2000 years and gone up rapidly in recent decades. Climate changes on different time scales on the Tibetan Plateau occurred earlier and the change amplitude is larger than those in other parts of China.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau climate change ice core tree-ring lake sediment

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Long range trans-Pacific transport and deposition of Asian dust aerosols

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第4期20卷 424-428页

作者： HAN Yongxiang FANG Xiaomin ZHAO Tianliang kang shichang Lanzhou Arid Meteorological Institute and Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Reducing Disaster China Meteorological Administration Lanzhou 730020 China Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China Air Quality Research Branch Meteorological Service of Canada Toronto Ontario m3H 5T4 Canada

The deposition of Asian dust aerosols during their trans-Pacific transport might cause significant marine phytoplankton biomass increases. However, the knowledge of the trans-Pacific dust transport, deposition, and spatial distribution is still poor due to a lack of continuous and simultaneous observations in the Asian subcontinent, the north Pacific Ocean, and North America. The severe Asian dust storm during 6 to 9 April 2001 provided an opportunity to gain a better understanding of trans-Pacific dust transport and deposition, using a comprehensive set of observations from satellites, ground-based light detection and ranging, aircraft, and surface observation networks. The observations and model simulations outline the general pattern of dust transport, deposition, vertical profile, and spatial distribution. The following points were observed：（1） the surface dust concentrations decreased exponentially with the increasing dust transport distance from 80°E to 120°W along the transport pathway; （2） the altitude of the dust concentration peak increased with increasing transport distance in the north Pacific region; and （3） the spatial distribution of dust deposition mainly depended on the trans-Pacific transport route.

关键词： dust aerosol trans-Pacific dust transport and deposition spatial distribution

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