检索结果-南通市图书馆

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

温度控制着沉积岩风化排放CO_(2)

冰川冻土 2022年第4期44卷 1406-1408页

作者：李向应王宁练丁永建康世昌陕西省地表系统与环境承载力重点实验室陕西西安710127 西北大学城市与环境学院陕西西安710127 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室甘肃兰州730000 中国科学院大学北京100049

岩石是岩石圈的主要成分,依据岩石成因可以划分为岩浆岩、沉积岩和变质岩;这三类岩石之间有一定的转化关系,当时间和地质条件改变后,任何一类岩石都可转化为另一类岩石[1]。沉积岩(如石灰岩、砂岩、页岩)是地表岩石的主要类型,其以岩石... 详细信息

岩石是岩石圈的主要成分,依据岩石成因可以划分为岩浆岩、沉积岩和变质岩;这三类岩石之间有一定的转化关系,当时间和地质条件改变后,任何一类岩石都可转化为另一类岩石[1]。沉积岩(如石灰岩、砂岩、页岩)是地表岩石的主要类型,其以岩石有机碳(OC_(petro))和碳酸盐矿物的形式储存着大量的碳,其碳储量相当于工业革命前大气中碳储量的十几万倍[2]。当岩石剥露(exhumation)和侵蚀作用增强时,更多的沉积岩会暴露于大气圈和水圈中,随着化学风化作用增强会向大气中排放CO_(2)[3]。

关键词：化学风化作用碳酸盐矿物大气圈岩石成因侵蚀作用岩石圈沉积岩温度控制

Characterization of contemporary aeolian dust deposition on mountain glaciers of western China

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2016年第1期8卷 9-21页

作者： JianZhong Xu shichang kang ShuGui Hou QiangGong Zhang Jie Huang CunDe Xiao JiaWen Ren DaHe Qin .State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences(SKLCS) Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research InstituteChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)LanzhouGansu 730000China Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research(ITP) Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100086China MOE Key Laboratory for Coast and Island Development School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences(SGOS)Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210093China

From 2008 to 2010, a total of 15 snow pit samples were collected from 13 mountain glaciers in western China. In this study these samples are used to determine the spatial distribution of insoluble particle concentrations and dust deposition fluxes in western China. The results show that the mass concentrations of insoluble particles exhibit high spatial variation and strongly decrease （by a factor of approximately 50） from the north （Tienshan Mountains） to the south （Himalayas）. However, the insoluble particles concentrations at the southeastern Tibetan Plateau （TP） sites are also high and ap- proximately 30 times greater than those in the Himalayas. The spatial distribution of the dust flux is similar to that of the mass concentrations; however, the high dust deposition rate in the southeastern TP is very significant as a result of the extensive snow accumulation （precipitation） in this region. The average sizes of the insoluble particles at each site generally exhibit bimodal distributions with peaks at approximately 5 μm and 10 μm, which can be explained as re- sulting from dust emissions from regional and local sources, respectively. The enrichment factors for most of the elements measured in insoluble particles are less than 10 at all of the study sites, indicating primarily crustal sources. However, the sites located in the peripheral mountains of western China, such as the Tienshan Mountains and the Himalayas, are characterized by high levels of certain enrichment elements （e.g., Cu, Zn, Cr, and V） indicative of sources related to the long-range transport of pollutants.

关键词： snow pit dust insoluble particle Tibetan Plateau

Low Stress TSV Arrays for High-Density Interconnection

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Engineering 2024年第7期38卷 201-208页

作者： Binbin Jiao Jingping Qiao Shiqi Jia Ruiwen Liu Xueyong Wei shichang Yun Yanmei Kong Yuxin Ye Xiangbin Du Lihang Yu Bo Cong Institute of Microelectronics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100000China School of Integrated Circuits University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100000China State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China

In three-dimensional(3D)stacking,the thermal stress of through-silicon via(TSV)has a significant influence on chip performance and reliability,and this problem is exacerbated in high-density TSV *** this study,a novel hollow tungsten TSV(W-TSV)is presented and *** hollow structure provides space for the release of thermal *** results showed that the hollow W-TSV structure can release 60.3%of thermal stress within the top 2 lm from the surface,and thermal stress can be decreased to less than 20 MPa in the radial area of 3 *** ultra-high-density(1600 TSV∙mm2)TSV array with a size of 640×512,a pitch of 25 lm,and an aspect ratio of 20.3 was fabricated,and the test results demonstrated that the proposed TSV has excellent electrical and reliability *** average resistance of the TSV was 1.21 *** leakage current was 643 pA and the breakdown voltage was greater than 100 *** resistance change is less than 2%after 100 temperature cycles from40 to 125℃.Raman spectroscopy showed that the maximum stress on the wafer surface caused by the hollow W-TSV was 31.02 MPa,which means that there was no keep-out zone(KOZ)caused by the TSV *** results indicate that this structure has great potential for applications in large-array photodetectors and 3D integrated circuits.

关键词： Thermal stress Through-silicon via(TSV)High-density integration

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

多年冻土区土壤中汞的研究进展

冰川冻土 2023年第2期45卷 355-367页

作者：孙世威郭军明张强弓康世昌中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室甘肃兰州730000 中国科学院青藏高原研究所地表变化与环境过程重点实验室北京100101 中国科学院大学北京100049

汞污染是当前重要的全球性环境问题。在气候变暖的背景下,多年冻土退化能够显著改变土壤环境和水热过程,进而可引发土壤中汞的活化和大量释放,对生态系统产生潜在的风险。本文综述了多年冻土区土壤总汞的浓度和储量、空间分布和影响因素... 详细信息

汞污染是当前重要的全球性环境问题。在气候变暖的背景下,多年冻土退化能够显著改变土壤环境和水热过程,进而可引发土壤中汞的活化和大量释放,对生态系统产生潜在的风险。本文综述了多年冻土区土壤总汞的浓度和储量、空间分布和影响因素,阐释了多年冻土不同退化过程中(活动层增厚和热喀斯特发育)土壤中汞的迁移转化和释放特征及其环境效应。北半球多年冻土区土壤总汞储量为597 Gg(384~750 Gg),植被吸收作用驱动的大气单质汞[Hg(0)]沉降是土壤中汞的重要来源。多年冻土区土壤中总汞含量和空间分布主要受大气汞沉降、有机质含量和沉降后过程(如淋溶作用)的影响。多年冻土退化不仅能够向大气和水生生态系统释放大量的汞,还可增强微生物甲基化作用生成剧毒的甲基汞(MeHg),已经对全球汞循环及区域环境产生了重要影响,且这一影响在持续加强。未来研究中需结合汞同位素等多技术手段,追踪多年冻土融水径流中汞的迁移转化和传输过程;强化热喀斯特对汞释放的影响研究;结合野外原位观测与模型模拟,全面评估多年冻土退化对土壤汞迁移转化的影响及其环境效应。

关键词：汞迁移转化多年冻土退化热喀斯特环境效应

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

典型冰冻圈区域河流黑碳研究进展

冰川冻土 2023年第2期45卷 327-340页

作者：赵玉娇高坛光张玉兰康世昌中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室甘肃兰州730000 兰州大学资源环境学院甘肃兰州730000 中国科学院大学资源与环境学院北京100049

冰冻圈区域河流是连接冰冻圈及河流中下游,乃至海洋碳库的重要通道。气候变暖导致冰冻圈快速萎缩,致使储存在冰川和冻土中的黑碳暴露并迁移,深刻影响冰冻圈区域河流黑碳的来源及输移过程,对海陆碳循环具有重要意义。本文重点综述了青藏... 详细信息

冰冻圈区域河流是连接冰冻圈及河流中下游,乃至海洋碳库的重要通道。气候变暖导致冰冻圈快速萎缩,致使储存在冰川和冻土中的黑碳暴露并迁移,深刻影响冰冻圈区域河流黑碳的来源及输移过程,对海陆碳循环具有重要意义。本文重点综述了青藏高原、北极、阿尔卑斯山脉、落基山脉以及安第斯山脉等典型冰冻圈区域河流黑碳的通量、来源以及传输运移途径。结果表明:典型冰冻圈区域河流黑碳的传输通量约为2.29 Tg·a^(-1),约占全球河流黑碳通量的5.33%。除大气干湿沉降和径流侵蚀外,冰川消融和冻土退化对冰冻圈区域河流黑碳浓度及通量变化具有显著影响,其中青藏高原和阿拉斯加冰川消融每年释放进入河流的黑碳通量分别为10.00 Gg(7.74~12.30 Gg)和0.60 Gg(0.47~0.73 Gg)。然而,冻土退化对冰冻圈区域河流黑碳的影响程度尚不清楚。总体而言,冰冻圈区域河流黑碳的研究不足将严重限制区域乃至全球碳循环的系统认识,未来亟需加强冰冻圈区域河流黑碳的系统监测与研究,为量化全球变暖背景下冰冻圈区域河流黑碳变化及其影响提供科学数据。

关键词：冰冻圈河流黑碳全球变暖冰川多年冻土

Effects of freeze–thaw cycles on soil N_2O concentration and flux in the permafrost regions of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2018年第1期10卷 69-79页

作者： ShengYun Chen Qian Zhao WenJie Liu Zhao Zhang Shuo Li HongLin Li ZhongNan Nie LingXi Zhou shichang kang Qilian Shan Station of Glaciology and Ecologic Environment State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric ScienceNorthwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry Hainan UniversityHaikouHainan 570228China State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture Qinghai UniversityXiningQinghai 810016China Department of Economic Development JobsTransport and ResourcesPrivate Bag 105Hamilton VIC 3300Australia Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Nitrous oxide(N_2 O) is one of the most important greenhouse gases in the atmosphere; freeze–thaw cycles(FTCs) might strongly influence the emission of soil N_2 O on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau(QTP). However, there is a lack of in situ research on the characteristics of soil N_2 O concentration and flux in response to variations in soil properties caused by ***, we report the effect of FTC-induced changes in soil properties on the soil N_2 O concentration and flux in the permafrost region of the higher reaches of the Shule River Basin on the northeastern margin of the QTP. We measured chemical properties of the topsoil, activities of soil microorganisms, and air temperature(AT), as well as soil N_2 O concentration and flux, over an annual cycle from July 31, 2011, to July 30, 2012. The results showed that soil N_2 O concentration was significantly affected by soil temperature(ST), soil moisture(SM), soil salinity(SS), soil polyphenol oxidase(SPO), soil alkaline phosphatase(SAP), and soil culturable actinomycetes(SCA), ranked as SM>SS>ST>SPO>SAP>SCA, whereas ST significantly increased soil N_2 O flux, compared with SS. Overall, our study indicated that the soil N_2 O concentration and flux in permafrost zone FTCs were strongly affected by soil properties, especially soil moisture, soil salinity, and soil temperature.

关键词： freeze-thaw cycles soil environment N2O

青藏高原及周边地区冰川中吸光性杂质及其影响研究进展

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

科学通报 2017年第35期62卷 4151-4162页

作者：张玉兰康世昌中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院(筹) 冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室兰州730000 中国科学院青藏高原地球科学卓越创新中心北京100101 中国科学院大学北京100049

沉降到冰川表面的吸光性杂质(如黑碳、有机碳、粉尘等)对冰冻圈物质能量平衡具有重要影响.青藏高原及周边地区是冰川分布集中区,也是开展雪冰吸光性杂质对冰川消融影响研究的理想区域.基于近几年青藏高原及周边地区雪冰中吸光性杂质特... 详细信息

沉降到冰川表面的吸光性杂质(如黑碳、有机碳、粉尘等)对冰冻圈物质能量平衡具有重要影响.青藏高原及周边地区是冰川分布集中区,也是开展雪冰吸光性杂质对冰川消融影响研究的理想区域.基于近几年青藏高原及周边地区雪冰中吸光性杂质特别是黑碳的研究成果,综述了该区域雪冰中吸光性杂质的浓度水平与时空分布,着重探讨了黑碳的主要来源,阐明了吸光性杂质导致的辐射强迫及其对雪冰消融的影响,并指出目前研究中存在的问题以及未来研究的主要方向.目前,该地区冰川中吸光性杂质的空间差异大,同一冰川不同表面吸光性杂质分布特征研究匮乏;雪冰中吸光性杂质在冰川表面的迁移、富集等过程研究亟待加强;吸光性杂质对冰川反照率反馈以及冰川消融作用显著,但评估结果仍存在较大的不确定性.在未来,雪冰中吸光性杂质的混合状态、生物地球化学循环过程与气候变化的协同影响等将是一个新的研究方向.

关键词：黑碳有机碳粉尘吸光性杂质冰川青藏高原

Linking atmospheric pollution to cryospheric change in the Third Pole region: current progress and future prospects

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

National Science Review 2019年第4期6卷 796-809页

作者： shichang kang Qianggong Zhang Yun Qian Zhenming Ji Chaoliu Li Zhiyuan Cong Yulan Zhang Junming Guo Wentao Du Jie Huang Qinglong You Arnico K.Panday Maheswar Rupakheti Deliang Chen ?rjan Gustafsson Mark H.Thiemens Dahe Qin State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research (CAS) Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) School of Atmospheric Sciences Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster StudiesSun Yat-sen University Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education KLME Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST) International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS) Department of Earth Sciences University of Gothenburg Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry The Bolin Centre for Climate ResearchStockholm University Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California San Diego

The Tibetan Plateau and its surroundings are known as the Third Pole(TP). This region is noted for its high rates of glacier melt and the associated hydrological shifts that affect water supplies in Asia. Atmospheric pollutants contribute to climatic and cryospheric changes through their effects on solar radiation and the albedos of snow and ice surfaces; moreover, the behavior and fates within the cryosphere and environmental impacts of environmental pollutants are topics of increasing concern. In this review, we introduce a coordinated monitoring and research framework and network to link atmospheric pollution and cryospheric changes(APCC) within the TP region. We then provide an up-to-date summary of progress and achievements related to the APCC research framework, including aspects of atmospheric pollution's composition and concentration, spatial and temporal variations, trans-boundary transport pathways and mechanisms, and effects on the warming of atmosphere and changing in Indian monsoon, as well as melting of glacier and snow cover. We highlight that exogenous air pollutants can enter into the TP's environments and cause great impacts on regional climatic and environmental changes. At last, we propose future research priorities and map out an extended program at the global scale. The ongoing monitoring activities and research facilitate comprehensive studies of atmosphere–cryosphere interactions, represent one of China's key research expeditions to the TP and the polar regions and contribute to the global perspective of earth system science.

关键词： atmospheric pollution cryosphere climate change the Third Pole coordinated monitoring network

On the Unusual Holocene Carbonate Sediment in Lake Nam Co,Central Tibet

在线全文

同方期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Mountain Science 2009年第4期6卷 346-353页

作者： LI Minghui kang shichang ZHU Liping WANG Feiyue WANG Junbo YI Chaolu FANG Xiaomin XIE Manping Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research CAS Beijing 100085 China State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science CAS Lanzhou 730000 China Department of Environment and Geography and Department of Chemistry University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB R3T 2N2 Canada

In lacustrine sediments,aragonite is a widespread mineral,whereas monohydrocalcite is a rare carbonate mineral. In the cold and high-attitude Xizang (Tibetan) Plateau,where aragonite has been commonly found in lacustrine sediments,there is no aragonite,but low-Mg calcite,monohydrocalcite and trace dolomite. The lake receives solutes primarily from surface runoffs and remains fairly constant water chemistry for a long time. The total CaCO3 percentage in sediments could be controlled by evaporation and inflow of detrital materials. The absence of aragonite is unusual when compared to other lacustrine sediments from the Tibetan Plateau. This could be due to low Ca/Mg ratio,low salinity,low Mg and Ca concentration. Monohydrocalcite might precipitate from the lake water mediated by biological activities. Low-Mg calcite originated from minor ostracoda shell and the precipitation of lake water with biological activities.

关键词：湖泊沉积物碳酸盐矿物西藏中部纳木错全新世盐湖西藏高原地表径流