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A review of physicochemical properties of dissolved organic carbon and its impact over mountain glaciers

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第1期21卷 1-19页

作者： NIU Hewen CHEN Mengxue kang shichang SHUKLA Tanuj QIN Huili GAO Wanni HUANG Shihai ZHANG Fu State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences/National Field Science Observation and Research Station of Yulong Snow Mountain Cryosphere and Sustainable Development Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China School of Politics and International Relations Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 10049China Dagu Glacier Scenic and Historic Interest Area Administration Luhua TownHeishui 615715China

Investigating the characteristics and transformation of water-soluble carbonaceous matter in the cryosphere regions is important for understanding biogeochemical process in the earth ***-soluble carbonaceous matter is a heterogeneous mixture of organic compounds that is soluble in aquatic *** its importance,we still lack systematic understanding for dissolved organic carbon(DOC)in several aspects including exact chemical composition and physical interactions with microorganisms,glacier *** review presents the chemical composition and physical properties of glacier DOC deposited through anthropogenic emission,terrestrial,and biogenic *** present the molecular composition of DOC and its effect over snow albedo and associated radiative *** indicate that DOC in snow/ice is made up of aromatic protein-like species,fulvic acid-like materials,and humic acid-like ***-absorbing impurities in surface snow and glacier ice cause considerable albedo reduction and the associated radiative forcing is definitely ***-soluble carbonaceous matter dominated the carbon transport in the high-altitude glacial *** to prevailing global warming and projected increase in carbon emission,the glacial DOC is expected to release,which will have strong underlying impacts on cryosphere *** results of this work have profound implications for better understanding the carbon cycle in high altitude cryosphere regions.A new compilation of globally distributed work is required,including large-scale measurements of glacial DOC over high-altitude cryosphere regions,to overcome and address the scientific challenges to constrain climate impacts of light-absorbing impurities related processes in Earth system and climate models.

关键词： Mountain glaciers Dissolved organic carbon Molecular composition Radiative forcing

Himalayas as a global hot spot of springtime stratospheric intrusions:Insight from isotopic signatures in sulfate aerosols

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2024年第1期16卷 5-13页

作者： Kun Wang shichang kang Mang Lin PengFei Chen ChaoLiu Li XiuFeng Yin Shohei Hattori Teresa L.Jackson JunHua Yang YiXi Liu Naohiro Yoshida Mark HThiemens State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)LanzhouGansu 730000China State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryCASGuangzhouGuangdong 510640China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China International Center for Isotope Effects Research(ICIER) School of Earth Sciences and EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210023China Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits ResearchSchool of Earth Sciences and EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210023China Department of Chemical Science and Engineering School of Materials and Chemical TechnologyTokyo Institute of Technology4259 Nagatsuta-choMidori-kuYokohamaKanagawa 226-8502Japan Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093-0021USA Earth-Life Science Institute Tokyo Institute of TechnologyMeguro-kuTokyo 152-8551Japan National Institute of Information and Communications Technology KoganeiTokyo 184-8795Japan

Downward transport of stratospheric air into the troposphere(identified as stratospheric intrusions)could potentially modify the radiation budget and chemical of the Earth's surface *** the highest and largest plateau on earth,the Tibetan Plateau including the Himalayas couples to global climate,and has attracted widespread attention due to rapid warming and cryospheric *** studies recognized strong stratospheric intrusions in the Himalayas but are poorly understood due to limited direct evidences and the complexity of the meteorological dynamics of the third ***^(35)S is a radioactive isotope predominately produced in the lower stratosphere and has been demonstrated as a sensitive chemical tracer to detect stratospherically sourced air mass in the planetary boundary ***,we report 6-month(April–September 2018)observation of^(35)S in atmospheric sulfate aerosols(^(35)SO_(4)^(2-))collected from a remote site in the Himalayas to reveal the stratospheric intrusion phenomenon as well as its potential impacts in this *** the sampling campaign,the^(35)SO_(4)^(2-)concentrations show an average of 1,070±980 atoms/m^(3).In springtime,the average is 1,620±730 atoms/m^(3),significantly higher than the global existing data measured so *** significant enrichments of^(35)SO_(4)^(2-)measured in this study verified the hypothesis that the Himalayas is a global hot spot of stratospheric intrusions,especially during the springtime as a consequence of its unique geology and atmospheric *** combined with the ancillary evidences,e.g.,oxygen-17 anomaly in sulfate and modeling results,we found that the stratospheric intrusions have a profound impact on the surface ozone concentrations over the study region,and potentially have the ability to constrain how the mechanisms of sulfate oxidation are affected by a change in plateau atmospheric properties and *** study provides new observational constraints on stra

关键词： Himalayas Stratospheric intrusions Cosmogenic^(35)SO_(4)^(2-) Ozone Atmospheric oxidation

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表碛覆盖型冰川参数提取方法研究进展

冰川冻土 2024年第1期46卷 347-362页

作者：周卫永许民韩惠韩海东康世昌兰州交通大学测绘与地理信息学院甘肃兰州730070 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室甘肃兰州730000 地理国情监测技术应用国家地方联合工程研究中心甘肃兰州730070 甘肃省地理国情监测工程实验室甘肃兰州730070 中国科学院大学北京100049 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院国家冰川冻土沙漠科学数据中心甘肃兰州730000

表碛的存在影响了大气与冰川间的能量传输过程,一方面,促进了冰面湖(塘)、冰崖的发育;另一方面,改变了冰川的消融过程和水文模式。利用表碛各项属性和物理参数模型化气候-表碛-冰川间的相互作用和反馈过程能够正确认识表碛覆盖型冰川变... 详细信息

表碛的存在影响了大气与冰川间的能量传输过程,一方面,促进了冰面湖(塘)、冰崖的发育;另一方面,改变了冰川的消融过程和水文模式。利用表碛各项属性和物理参数模型化气候-表碛-冰川间的相互作用和反馈过程能够正确认识表碛覆盖型冰川变化的过程和机理,有助于准确估算和预测冰川物质平衡,进而判断冰川未来演变趋势。本文系统总结和对比了识别表碛范围、提取冰川流速以及获取表碛物理参数的各种技术手段,介绍了表碛覆盖影响下冰川消融模型的原理和应用情况,同时还对这些方法或模型的局限性和发展趋势进行了讨论。表碛覆盖型冰川所处山区地形起伏大、地表变化复杂,为遥感方法识别表碛范围和提取冰川流速带来了诸多困难,如现有表碛识别方法仍无法克服固有干扰因素的影响,而流速提取方法需具备较强抗干扰能力,且配对影像时间基线需尽可能短。当前表碛覆盖型冰川相关研究中关键参数、数据存在大量空缺的状况有望在将来得到改善,冰川动力学过程和表碛动态变化的模型描述将更为精细,冰川物质平衡、径流量等指标的评估和预测也将更为真实准确。

关键词：表碛覆盖型冰川表碛参数提取冰川流速提取冰川物质平衡能量平衡模型

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北极地区热融湖塘甲烷排放特征及影响因素

冰川冻土 2024年第2期46卷 457-474页

作者：刘治银张玉兰康世昌付佳星高坛光中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室甘肃兰州730000 兰州大学资源环境学院甘肃兰州730000 中国科学院大学北京100049

北极地区显著升温导致多年冻土快速退化,进而发育形成大量热融湖塘,是温室气体排放热点。通过对1992—2023年2月北极热融湖塘甲烷(CH_(4))研究结果的整合梳理,本研究系统揭示了北极地区热融湖塘CH_(4)排放特征、热融湖塘的CH_(4)循环过... 详细信息

北极地区显著升温导致多年冻土快速退化,进而发育形成大量热融湖塘,是温室气体排放热点。通过对1992—2023年2月北极热融湖塘甲烷(CH_(4))研究结果的整合梳理,本研究系统揭示了北极地区热融湖塘CH_(4)排放特征、热融湖塘的CH_(4)循环过程以及微生物机制。结果显示:北极地区CH_(4)年平均排放通量约为(7.78±19.60)g CH_(4)·m^(-2)·a^(-1),不同区域存在显著差异,高排放区出现在东西伯利亚和阿拉斯加地区[(23.40±26.50)g CH_(4)·m^(-2)·a^(-1);(11.00±26.40)g CH_(4)·m^(-2)·a^(-1)]。冒泡排放是北极热融湖塘CH_(4)排放的主导途径,年排放通量约为(13.80±28.60)g CH_(4)·m^(-2)·a^(-1),占比可达52.02%。湖塘沉积物类型对热融湖塘CH_(4)排放具有重要影响,叶叨码冻土区的排放为(17.90±32.90)g CH_(4)·m^(-2)·a^(-1),是非叶叨码冻土区的3.24倍。同时,泥炭地热融湖塘CH_(4)的主要排放途径及变化存在一定的不确定性,其对气温升高的响应可能略不同于其他湖泊,对气候变化具有高度敏感性。热融湖塘扩张与排水的变化趋势以及CH_(4)产生过程与氧化过程对热融湖塘的CH_(4)排放潜力同样具有重要影响。目前,北极地区热融湖塘CH_(4)排放的系观测仍然存在诸多空白,尤其缺乏多种排放途径的联合观测,对CH_(4)微生物过程认识不足。该研究能够进一步加深对北极地区热融湖塘排放特征及具体排放机制的认识,为评估该地区热融湖塘CH_(4)排放潜力及其对气候变化的影响提供科学参考。

关键词：热融湖塘甲烷北极多年冻土气候变化

Impact of the Shrinkage of Arctic Sea Ice on Eurasian Snow Cover Changes in 1979-2021

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第12期40卷 2183-2194,I0007,I0008页

作者： Qian YANG shichang kang Haipeng YU Yaoxian YANG State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China

Recent research has shown that snow cover induces extreme wintertime cooling and has detrimental *** the dramatic loss of Arctic sea ice certainly has contributed to a more extreme climate,the mechanism connecting sea-ice loss to extensive snow cover is still up for *** this study,a significant relationship between sea ice concentration(SIC)in the Barents-Kara(B-K)seas in November and snow cover extent over Eurasia in winter(November-January)has been found based in observational datasets and through numerical *** reduction in B-K sea ice gives rise to a negative phase of Arctic Oscillation(AO),a deepened East Asia trough,and a shallow trough over *** circulation anomalies lead to colder-than-normal Eurasian mid-latitude temperatures,providing favorable conditions for *** addition,two prominent cyclonic anomalies near Europe and Lake Baikal affect moisture transport and its divergence,which results in increased precipitation due to moisture advection and wind ***,anomalous E-P flux shows that amplified upward propagating waves associated with the low SIC could contribute to the weakening of the polar vortex and southward breakouts of cold *** work may be helpful for further understanding and predicting the snowfall conditions in the middle latitudes.

关键词： Arctic Barents-Kara seas sea ice snow cover Eurasia

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微塑料和纳米塑料威胁青藏高原环境

Science Bulletin 2024年第5期69卷 589-592页

作者：张玉兰康世昌罗犀 Tanuj Shukla 高坛光 Deonie Allen Steve Allen Melanie Bergmann State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China College of Earth and Environmental Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China School of Geography Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham 200003UK Ocean Frontiers Institute Dalhousie UniversityHalifax B3H 4R2Canada Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar-und Meeresforschung Bremerhaven D-27515Germany University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Plastic pollution is a planetary level threat which affects Earth’s environment and *** the poles to deep ocean basins,the growth of plastic waste has already exceeded its *** projected increase of plastic production and waste generation over the coming years makes the situation even more *** after stagnation in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic,the global plastic production has also increased from 335 to 391 million metric tons(Mt)between 2016 and 2021(Fig.S1 online);yet currently post-consumer recycled and bio-based/attributed plastics only accounts~9%of the world’s plastic production[1].Statistically.

关键词：微塑料 attributed plastics

Influence of South Asian Biomass Burning on Ozone and Aerosol Concentrations Over the Tibetan Plateau

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第7期39卷 1184-1197,I0002-I0013页

作者： Junhua YANG shichang kang Yuling HU Xintong CHEN Mukesh RAI State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Lanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Beijing 100101China

In this work,the influence of South Asian biomass burning emissions on O_(3) and PM_(2.5)concentrations over the Tibetan Plateau(TP)is investigated by using the regional climate chemistry transport model *** simulation is validated by comparing meteorological fields and pollutant concentrations against in situ observations and gridded datasets,providing a clear perspective on the spatiotemporal variations of O_(3) and PM_(2.5)concentrations across the Indian subcontinent,including the Tibetan *** sensitivity simulations and analyses show that emissions from South Asian biomass burning mainly affect local O_(3) *** example,contribution ratios were up to 20%in the Indo-Gangetic Plain during the pre-monsoon season but below 1%over the TP throughout the year *** contrast,South Asian biomass burning emissions contributed more than 60%of PM_(2.5)concentration over the TP during the pre-monsoon season via significant contribution of primary PM_(2.5)components(black carbon and organic carbon)in western India that were lofted to the TP by westerly ***,it is suggested that cutting emissions from South Asian biomass burning is necessary to alleviate aerosol pollution over the TP,especially during the pre-monsoon season.

关键词： South Asian biomass burning ozone aerosol black carbon Tibetan Plateau

Black Carbon Size in Snow of Chinese Altai Mountain in Central Asia

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第7期40卷 1199-1211页

作者： Yulan ZHANG shichang kang Tanguang GAO Michael SPRENGER Wei ZHANG Zhaoqing WANG State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental System(Ministry of Education) College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science ETH ZurichCH-8092 ZurichSwitzerland College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Black carbon(BC)in snow plays an important role to accelerate snow ***,current studies mostly focused on BC concentrations,few on their size distributions in snow which affected BC’s effect on albedo *** we presented refractory BC(rBC)concentrations and size distributions in snow collected from Chinese Altai Mountains in Central Asia from November 2016 to April *** results revealed that the average rBC concentrations were 5.77 and2.82 ng g-1for the surface snow and sub-surface snow,which were relatively higher in the melting season(April)than that in winter(November-January).The mass median volume-equivalent diameter of rBC size in surface snow was approximately at 120-150 nm,which was typically smaller than that in the atmosphere(about 200 nm for urban atmosphere).However,there existed no specific mass median volume-equivalent diameter of BC size for sub-surface snow in *** during the melting season,the median mass size of rBC in sub-surface snow was similar to that in surface *** trajectories indicated that anthropogenic sourced BC dominated rBC in snow(70%-85%).This study will promote our understanding on BC size distributions in snow,and highlight the possible impact of BC size on climate effect.

关键词： black carbon snow cover snow melting Central Asia

The Characteristics and Controlling Factors of Water and Heat Exchanges over the Alpine Wetland in the East of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第2期40卷 201-210页

作者： Jinlei CHEN Yuan YUAN Xianyu YANG Zuoliang WANG shichang kang Jun WEN State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Sciences Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu 610225China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Processes and Climate Change Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China College of Atmospheric Science Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

Alpine wetland is one of the typical underlying surfaces on the Qinghai–Tibet *** plays a crucial role in runoff *** on the mechanisms of water and heat exchanges are necessary to understand the land surface processes over the alpine *** study explores the characteristics of hydro-meteorological factors with in situ observations and uses the Community Land Model 5 to identify the main factors controlling water and heat *** heat flux and thermal roughness length were found to be greater in the warm season(June–August)than in the cold season(December–February),with a frozen depth of 20–40 cm over the alpine *** transfers of heat fluxes were mainly controlled by longwave radiation and air temperature and affected by root *** pressure and stomatal conductance were also important to latent heat flux,and soil solid water content was important to sensible heat *** temperature was dominated by longwave radiation and air temperature,with crucial surface parameters of initial soil liquid water content and total water *** atmospheric control factors transitioned to precipitation and air temperature for soil moisture,especially at the shallow layer(5 cm).Meanwhile,the more influential surface parameters were root distribution and stomatal conductance in the warm season and initial soil liquid water content and total water content in the cold *** work contributes to the research on the land surface processes over the alpine wetland and is helpful to wetland protection.

关键词： alpine wetland Qinghai-Tibet Plateau land surface processes atmospheric factor surface parameter