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Virtual reality tools for training in gastrointestinal endoscopy:A systematic review

Artificial Intelligence in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2024年第2期5卷 41-54页

作者： Tuấn Quang Dương Jonathan Soldera Department of Acute Medicine University of South WalesCardiff CF371DLUnited Kingdom Department of Acute Medicine and Gastroenterology University of South WalesCardiff CF371DLUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUnD Virtual reality(VR)has emerged as an innovative technology in endoscopy training,providing a simulated environment that closely resembles real-life scenarios and offering trainees a valuable platform to acquire and enhance their endoscopic *** systematic review will critically evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of VR-based training compared to traditional *** To evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of VR-based training compared to traditional *** examining the current state of the field,this review seeks to identify gaps,challenges,and opportunities for further research and implementation of VR in endoscopic *** The study is a systematic review,following the guidelines for reporting systematic reviews set out by the PRISMA statement.A comprehensive search command was designed and implemented and run in September 2023 to identify relevant studies available,from electronic databases such as PubMed,Scopus,Cochrane,and Google *** results were systematically *** Sixteen articles were included in the final *** total number of participants was *** studies focused on both upper endoscopy and colonoscopy training,two on upper endoscopy training only,eight on colonoscopy training only,and one on sigmoidoscopy training *** Mentor virtual endoscopy simulator was commonly *** reported positive results,indicating that VR-based training was feasible and acceptable for endoscopy *** technology helped the trainees enhance their skills in manipulating the endoscope,reducing the procedure time or increasing the technical accuracy,in VR scenarios and real *** studies show that the patient discomfort level decreased ***,some studies show there were no significant differences in patient discomfort and pain scores between VR group and other *** VR training is effective for endoscopy *** are several well-desi

关键词： Virtual reality Gastrointestinal endoscopy Systematic review Virtual reality training Simulation

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加权加标网络的稳定与平衡

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逻辑学研究 2024年第4期17卷 35-53页

作者：王轶董惠敏中山大学哲学系(珠海) 维也纳工业大学逻辑与计算研究所

经典结构平衡理论对不带权重的加标网络有较为完善的研究。Morrissette(1958)将结构平衡理论推广到加权加标网络并加以经验研究。近年来出现了基于时态逻辑CTL的结构平衡逻辑研究,但所探讨的社会网络局限于不带权重的加标网络。本文将... 详细信息

经典结构平衡理论对不带权重的加标网络有较为完善的研究。Morrissette(1958)将结构平衡理论推广到加权加标网络并加以经验研究。近年来出现了基于时态逻辑CTL的结构平衡逻辑研究,但所探讨的社会网络局限于不带权重的加标网络。本文将结构平衡逻辑推广到带权重的加标网络,引入几种适用的形式语言和语义,探讨由此得到的几个逻辑的表达能力,并给出证明系统。

关键词：加权加标网络结构平衡理论稳定性平衡性分支时间逻辑

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Compression of Battery X-Ray Tomography Data with Machine Learning

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Chinese Physics Letters 2024年第9期41卷 153-158页

作者： Zipei y.n Qiyu Wang Xiqian yu Jizhou Li Michael K.-P.ng Department of Electronic Engineering The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Beijing national Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Huairou Division Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101400China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen 518057China Department of Mathematics Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong KongChina

With the increasing demand for high-resolution x-ray tomography in battery characterization,the challenges of storing,transmitting,and analyzing substantial imaging data necessitate more efficient *** data compression methods struggle to balance reduction ratio and image quality,often failing to preserve critical details for accurate *** study proposes a machine learning-assisted compression method tailored for battery x-ray imaging *** physics-informed representation learning,our approach significantly reduces file sizes without sacrificing meaningful *** validate the method on typical battery materials and different x-ray imaging techniques,demonstrating its effectiveness in preserving structural and chemical *** results show an up-to-95 compression ratio while maintaining high fidelity in the projection and reconstructed *** proposed framework provides a promising solution for managing large-scale battery x-ray imaging datasets,facilitating significant advancements in battery research and development.

关键词： battery Battery details

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Simulating gamma-ray production from cosmic rays interacting with the solar atmosphere in the presence of coronal magnetic fields

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第4期48卷 159-173页

作者：李哲吳震宇陈松战南云程何会海 Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of ScienceBeijing 100049China Department of Physics The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong KongChina School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of ScienceBeijing 100049China

Cosmic rays can interact with the solar atmosphere and produce a slew of secondary messengers,making the Sun a bright gamma-ray source in the *** observations with Fermi-LAT have shown that these interactions must be strongly affected by solar magnetic fields in order to produce a wide range of observational features,such as a high flux and hard ***,the detailed mechanisms behind these features are still a *** this study,we tackle this problem by performing particle-interaction simulations in the solar atmosphere in the presence of coronal magnetic fields using the potential field source surface(PFSS)*** find that low-energy(~GeV)gamma-ray production is significantly enhanced by the coronal magnetic fields,but the enhancement decreases rapidly with *** enhancement directly correlates with the production of gamma rays with large deviation angles relative to the input cosmic-ray *** conclude that coronal magnetic fields are essential for correctly modeling solar disk gamma rays below 10 GeV,but above that,the effect of coronal magnetic fields *** magnetic field structures are needed to explain the high-energy disk emission.

关键词： solar gamma-ray corona magnetic field Geant4 simulation hadronic interaction

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Chalcogen heteroatoms doped nickel-nitrogen-carbon single-atom catalysts with asymmetric coordination for efficient electrochemical CO_(2)reduction

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Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2024年第9期64卷 54-65页

作者： Jialin Wang Kaini Zhang Ta Thi Thuy.ng yiqing Wang yuchuan shi Daixing Wei Chung-Li Dong Shaohua Shen International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049ShaanxiChina Department of Physics Tamkang UniversityNew Taipei City 25137TaiwanChina

The electronic configuration of central metal atoms in single-atom catalysts(SACs)is pivotal in electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction(eCO_(2)RR).Herein,chalcogen heteroatoms(e.g.,S,Se,and Te)were incorporated into the symmetric nickel-nitrogen-carbon(ni-n4-C)configuration to obtain ni-X-n3-C(X:S,Se,and Te)SACs with asymmetric coordination presented for central ni *** these obtained ni-X-n3-C(X:S,Se,and Te)SACs,ni-Se-n3-C exhibited superior eCO_(2)RR activity,with CO selectivity reaching~98%at-0.70 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE).The Zn-CO_(2)battery integrated with ni-Se-n3-C as cathode and Zn foil as anode achieved a peak power density of 1.82 mW cm-2 and maintained remarkable rechargeable stability over 20 ***-situ spectral investigations and theoretical calculations demonstrated that the chalcogen heteroatoms doped into the ni-n4-C configuration would break coordination symmetry and trigger charge redistribution,and then regulate the intermediate behaviors and thermodynamic reaction pathways for eCO_(2)***,for ni-Se-n3-C,the introduced Se atoms could significantly raise the d-band center of central ni atoms and thus remarkably lower the energy barrier for the rate-determining step of*COOH formation,contributing to the promising eCO_(2)RR performance for high selectivity CO production by competing with hydrogen evolution reaction.

关键词： Electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction Chalcogen heteroatoms Single-atom catalysts Asymmetric coordination CO production

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Indications of pro-inflammatory cytokines in laparoscopic and open liver resection for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2024年第3期23卷 257-264页

作者： Kevin Tak-Pan ng Li Pang Jia-Qi Wang Wong Hoi She Simon Hing-y.n Tsang Chung Mau Lo Kwan Man Tan To Cheung Department of Surgery HKU-SZH&School of Clinical MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina State Key Laboratory of Liver Research The University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Background:Our clinical practice of laparoscopic liver resection(LLR)had achieved better short-term and long-term benefits for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)over open liver resection(OLR),but the underly.ng mechanisms are not *** study was to find out whether systemic inflammation plays an important ***:A total of 103 patients with early-stage HCC under liver resection were enrolled(LLR group,n=53;OLR group,n=50).The expression of 9 inflammatory cytokines in patients at preoperation,postoperative day 1(POD1)and POD7 was quantified by Luminex Multiplex *** relationships of the cytokines and the postoperative outcomes were compared between LLR and ***:Seven of the circulating cytokines were found to be significantly upregulated on POD1 after LLR or OLR compared to their preoperative *** to OLR,the POD1 levels of granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factor(GM-CSF),interleukin-6(IL-6),IL-8,and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1)in the LLR group were significantly *** POD1 levels of these cytokines were significantly correlated with longer operative time and higher volume of blood loss during *** levels of these cytokines were positively associated with postoperative liver injury,and the length of hospital ***,a high level of IL-6 at POD1 was a risk factor for HCC recurrence and poor disease-free survival after liver ***:Significantly lower level of GM-CSF,IL-6,IL-8,and MCP-1 after liver resection represented a milder systemic inflammation which might be an important mechanism to offer better short-term and long-term outcomes in LLR over OLR.

关键词： Laparoscopic liver resection Open liver resection Hepatocellular carcinoma Postoperative cytokines Inflammatory responses

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Predictors of the placebo response in a nutraceutical randomized controlled trial for depression

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第1期22卷 46-53页

作者： Rosemary Arnold Jenifer Murphy-Smith Chee H.ng David Mischoulon Gerard J.By.ne Chad A.Bousman Con Stough Michael Berk Jerome Sarris Professorial Unit the Melbourne ClinicDepartment of PsychiatryUniversity of MelbourneRichmond 3121Australia Depression Clinical and Research Program Department of PsychiatryMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA Faculty of Medicine Discipline of PsychiatryCentre for Clinical ResearchRoyal Brisbane&Women’s HospitalHerstonthe University of QueenslandBrisbane 4006Australia Departments of Medical Genetics PsychiatryPhysiology&Pharmacology and Community Health SciencesUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada Department of Psychiatry the University of MelbourneMelbourne 3052Australia Centre for Human Psychopharmacology Swinburne UniversityMelbourne 3122Australia The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation School of MedicineBarwon HealthDeakin UniversityGeelong 3220Australia The Centre of Excellence in youth Mental Health the University of MelbourneParkville 3052Australia Florey Institute of neuroscience and Mental Health the University of MelbourneParkville 3052Australia nICM Health Research Institute Western Sydney UniversityWestmeadNSW 2145Australia

Objective The placebo response in depression studies is the change in symptoms amongst those who receive an inactive *** well-designed randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of depression have a high proportion of placebo responders,with little understanding as to *** present study assesses characteristics associated with the placebo response in a nutraceutical trial with a large proportion of placebo *** This is a secondary analysis of a nutraceutical depression RCT which identified no overall treatment benefit relative to placebo(n=69 in placebo group).We investigated participant characteristics such as socio-demographics,clinical features,and recruitment methods,and their association with the placebo *** genetic polymorphisms were also *** response was measured based on change in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale *** association of these hypothesis-driven variables of interest and the placebo response was examined using linear mixed effects *** Greater levels of education,particularly pursuing post-high school education,better self-reported general health,marriage/de facto,greater improvement in the first trial week,and more failed antidepressant therapies in the current depressive episode were associated with greater placebo *** increased placebo response was not found in those recruited via social media nor in those with concomitant antidepressant *** nucleotide polymorphisms from the tryptophan hydroxylase 1(TPH1)gene(A779C and A218C)were weakly associated with greater placebo response,although the evidence was attenuated after accounting for multiple *** This is,to our knowledge,the first study within nutraceutical research for depression to assess the association between participant characteristics and variation in the placebo *** variables appeared to predict the placebo *** findings may encourage future trial design

关键词： Randomized controlled trial Placebo Depression nutraceutical Psychiatry

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Microbiota–gut–brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第3期9卷 945-997页

作者： Jian Sheng Loh Wen Qi Mak Li Kar Stella Tan Chu Xin ng Hong Hao Chan shiau Hueh yeow Jhi Biau Foo y.ng Sze Ong Chee Wun How Kooi yeong Khaw School of Pharmacy Monash University MalaysiaJalan Lagoon Selatan47500 Bandar SunwaySelangorMalaysia School of Pharmacy Faculty of Health&Medical SciencesTaylor’s University1Jalan TaylorsSubang Jaya 47500 SelangorMalaysia Digital Health&Medical Advancements Taylor’s University1Jalan TaylorsSubang Jaya 47500 SelangorMalaysia School of Biosciences Faculty of Health&Medical SciencesTaylor’s University1Jalan TaylorsSubang Jaya 47500 SelangorMalaysia UCL School of Pharmacy University College London29-39 Brunswick SquareLondon WC1N 1AXUK

The human gastrointestinal tract is populated with a diverse microbial *** vast genetic and metabolic potential of the gut microbiome underpins its ubiquity in nearly every aspect of human biology,including health maintenance,development,aging,and *** advent of new sequencing technologies and culture-independent methods has allowed researchers to move bey.nd correlative studies toward mechanistic explorations to shed light on microbiome–host *** has unveiled the bidirectional communication between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system,referred to as the“microbiota–gut–brain axis”.The microbiota–gut–brain axis represents an important regulator of glial functions,making it an actionable target to ameliorate the development and progression of neurodegenerative *** this review,we discuss the mechanisms of the microbiota–gut–brain axis in neurodegenerative *** the gut microbiome provides essential cues to microglia,astrocytes,and oligodendrocytes,we examine the communications between gut microbiota and these glial cells during healthy states and neurodegenerative ***,we discuss the mechanisms of the microbiota–gut–brain axis in neurodegenerative diseases using a metabolite-centric approach,while also examining the role of gut microbiota-related neurotransmitters and gut ***,we examine the potential of targeting the intestinal barrier,blood–brain barrier,meninges,and peripheral immune system to counteract glial dysfunction in ***,we conclude by assessing the pre-clinical and clinical evidence of probiotics,prebiotics,and fecal microbiota transplantation in neurodegenerative diseases.A thorough comprehension of the microbiota–gut–brain axis will foster the development of effective therapeutic interventions for the management of neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： degenerative therapeutic diseases

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金融秩序维护与企业ESG表现——来自金融司法审判的证据

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经济学动态 2024年第7期 92-110页

作者：魏建王慧敏薛启航山东大学人文社科期刊社山东大学中泰证券金融研究院 250100 山东大学经济学院 250100

司法行为的社会影响备受关注,但对该问题的研究缺乏充足的经验证据。从金融秩序维护的角度,利用中国裁判文书网公布的破坏金融管理秩序刑事一审判决书构建地级市层面的金融司法审判指标,探讨金融司法审判对企业ESG表现的影响。研究结果... 详细信息

司法行为的社会影响备受关注,但对该问题的研究缺乏充足的经验证据。从金融秩序维护的角度,利用中国裁判文书网公布的破坏金融管理秩序刑事一审判决书构建地级市层面的金融司法审判指标,探讨金融司法审判对企业ESG表现的影响。研究结果显示:企业所在地的金融司法审判效率越高、上诉率越低,企业的ESG表现越好。机制分析表明,金融司法审判主要通过降低信息不对称程度、缓解企业融资约束以及增强企业风险管理意识来提高企业的ESG表现水平。进一步分析发现,对于那些拥有较多法律背景高管的企业以及处于银行机构密集城市的企业,金融司法审判的影响更加显著;而且,金融司法审判的改善还有助于降低ESG不确定性程度,以及强化ESG对企业价值的提升效应。因此,应当持续加强金融司法审判的专业化和严格化,鼓励企业主动承担ESG责任,从而实现企业和社会的“双赢”局面。

关键词：金融秩序维护审判效率上诉率 ESG

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减污降碳视角下空间密度的环境效应——突破行政单元的再讨论

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经济学动态 2024年第7期 111-127页

作者：张麒吴胜男张学良中南财经政法大学经济学院 430073 上海财经大学长三角与长江经济带发展研究院 200433

优化人口空间布局、协同推进减污和降碳,是实现中国式现代化的重要内容。本文突破行政单元约束,以超过一定人口密度阈值的网格单元作为空间观测对象,并构建2000—2020年中国19大城市群栅格数据集,精准探讨空间密度变化对减污降碳的影响... 详细信息

优化人口空间布局、协同推进减污和降碳,是实现中国式现代化的重要内容。本文突破行政单元约束,以超过一定人口密度阈值的网格单元作为空间观测对象,并构建2000—2020年中国19大城市群栅格数据集,精准探讨空间密度变化对减污降碳的影响及作用机制。研究发现,网格单元空间密度对PM2.5与人均碳排放的影响均呈“倒U”型趋势,拐点值分别为3718人/km2和4128人/km2。这主要受四大作用机制影响,即城市用地变迁、生态空间演变、生产方式优化和交通设施变化。进一步分析空间密度的规模效应与结构效应表明,规模效应的主导地位造就了密度与环境的非线性关系,这为相关研究争论提供了新的解释。本文也为如何从空间布局层面推动减污降碳协同增效提供了政策启示。

关键词：空间密度减污降碳网格单元城市群

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