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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2012年第8期19卷 752-756页

作者： Tao Li Juan-yu Yang shi-gang lu General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Beijing 100088China

Silicon has been investigated intensively as a promising anode material for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. The choice of a binder is very important to solve the problem of the large capacity fade observed along cycling. The effect of modified elastomeric binders on the electrochemical performance of crystalline nano-silicon powders was studied. Compared with the conventional binder （polyvinylidene fluoride （PVDF））, Si electrodes using the elastomeric styrene butadiene rubber （SBR） and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose （SCMC） com- bined binder show an improved cycling performance. The reversible capacity of the Si electrode with the SCMC/SBR binder is as high as 2221 mA.h/g for 30 cycles in a voltage window between 0.005 and 2 V. The structure changes from SEM images of the silicon electrodes with different binders were used to explore the property improvement.

关键词： lithium batteries silicon anodes electrochemical properties

Crystallinity dependence of electrochemical properties for LiFePO_4

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Rare Metals 2015年第5期34卷 334-337页

作者： Ting Zhao Xiang-Jun Zhang Xiang Li shi-gang lu Research and Development Centre for Vehicle Battery and Energy Storage General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals

LiFePOa composites were prepared by solid state reactions at different temperatures and time. The crystalline structure and morphology of the composites were analyzed by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, while X-ray absorption spectroscopy （XAS） was employed to characterize the crystallinity. Experimental results show that the electrochemical properties do not monotonously get better with the decrease of particle size and the traditional long reaction time is needless. Moreover, XAS is an effective technique to discover the change in crystallinity.

关键词： Lithium ion battery LiFePO4 Crystallinity

A scalable synthesis of silicon nanoparticles as high-performance anode material for lithium-ion batteries

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Rare Metals 2019年第3期38卷 199-205页

作者： Jin Li Juan-Yu Yang Jian-Tao Wang shi-gang lu China Automotive Battery Research Institute Co. Ltd.General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals

In this work, a scalable and cost-effective method including mechanical milling, centrifugation and spray drying was developed to fabricate Si *** synthesized Si nanoparticles show an average size of 62 nm and exhibit a narrow particle size distribution. The influence of particle sizes on electrochemical performance of Si-based electrode was investigated, and it is found that as the particle size decreases in the studied range, the Si particles show a lower specific capacity and a higher irreversible capacity loss(ICL). Furthermore, an oxide layer with thickness of ～3 nm was detected on the surface of the as-received Si nanoparticles, and this layer can be effectively removed by hydrofluoric acid(HF) etching,resulting in much improved electrochemical performance over the as-received samples.

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries Anode Silicon nanoparticles Wet grinding mill

Failure mechanism of bulk silicon anode electrodes for lithium-ion batteries

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Rare Metals 2013年第3期32卷 299-304页

作者： Tao Li Juan-Yu Yang shi-gang lu Han Wang Hai-Yang Ding National Center of Analysis and Testing for Nonferrous Metals and Electronic Materials General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals R&D Center for Vehicle Battery and Energy Storage General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals

Silicon has been investigated extensively as a promising anode material for rechargeable lithium-ion bat- teries. Understanding the failure mechanism of silicon-based anode electrodes for lithium-ion batteries is essential to solve the problem of low coulombic efficiency and capacity fading on cycling and also to further commercialize this very new energetic material in cells. To reach this goal, the structure changes of bulk silicon particles and electrode after cycling were studied using ex-situ scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and X-ray diffraction （XRD） techniques. The SEM images indicated that the microstructural changes of the bulk silicon particles during cycling led to a layer rupture of the electrode and then the breakdown of the conductive network and the failure of the electrode. The result contributes to the basic understanding of the failure mechanism of a bulk sil- icon anode electrode for lithium-ion batteries.

关键词： Silicon Anode Lithium-ion battery Electrochemical properties

Thermal behavior analysis of a pouch type Li[Ni0.7Co0.15Mn0.15]O2-based lithium-ion battery

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Rare Metals 2016年第4期35卷 309-319页

作者： Feng-Ling Yun Ling Tang Wen-Cheng Li Wei-Ren Jin Jing Pang shi-gang lu General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metalsl R&D Center for Vehicle Battery and Energy StorageBeijing 100088China

Since lithium-ion battery with high energy density is the key component for next-generation electrical vehicles, a full understanding of its thermal behaviors at different discharge rates is quite important for the design and thermal management of lithium-ion batteries （LIBs） pack/module. In this work, a 25 Ah pouch type Li[Ni0.7 Co0.15Mn0.15]O2/graphite LIBs with specific energy of 200 ***-1 were designed to investigate their thermal behaviors, including temperature distribution, heat generation rate, heat capacity and heat transfer coefficient with environment. Results show that the temperature increment of the charged pouch batteries strongly depends on the discharge rate and depth of discharge. The heat generation rate is mainly influenced by the irreversible heat effect, while the reversible heat is important at all discharge rates and contributes much to the middle evolution of the tem- perature during discharge, especially at low rate. Subse- quently, a prediction model with lumped parameters was used to estimate the temperature evolution at different discharge rates of LIBs. The predicted results match well with the experimental results at all discharge rates. Therefore, the thermal model is suitable to predict the average temperature for the large-scale batteries under normal operating conditions.

关键词： Lithium-ionLi[Ni0.7Co0.15Mn0.15]O2 battery Thermal behavior High specific energy

Lithium-ion cell inconsistency analysis based on three-parameter Weibull probability model

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Rare Metals 2020年第4期39卷 392-401页

作者： Lin-Shu Wang Yan-Yan Fang Ting Zhao Jian-Tao Wang Hang Zhang Lin Wang shi-gang lu National Power Battery Innovation Center GRINM Group Co.Ltd.Beijing 100088China China Automotive Battery Research Institute Co.Ltd. Beijing 100088China General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Beijing 100088China

The inconsistency of lithium-ion cells degrades battery performance,lifetime and even *** complexity of the cell reaction mechanism causes an irregular asymmetrical distribution of various cell parameters,such as capacity and internal resistance,among *** this study,the Newman electrochemical model was used to simulate the 1 C discharge curves of 100 LiMn2 O4 pouch cells with parameter variations typically produced in manufacturing processes,and the three-parameter Weibull probability model was used to analyze the dispersion and symmetry of the resulting discharge voltage *** results showed that the dispersion of the voltage distribution was related to the rate of decrease in the discharge voltage,and the symmetry was related to the change in the rate of voltage *** effect of the cells’capacity dominated the voltage distribution thermodynamically during discharge,and the phase transformation process significantly skewed the voltage *** effects of the ohmic drop and polarization voltage on the voltage distribution were primarily *** presence of current returned the right-skewed voltage distribution caused by phase transformation to a more symmetrical ***,the Weibull parameters elucidated the electrochemical behavior during the discharge process,and this method can guide the prediction and control of cell inconsistency,as well as detection and control strategies for cell management systems.

关键词： Lithium-ion cell Voltage inconsistency evolution Three-parameter Weibull probability model Dispersion and symmetry of voltage distribution Thermodynamic inconsistency Kinetic inconsistency

Electrochemical properties of high-loading sulfur–carbon materials prepared by in situ generation method

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Rare Metals 2023年第11期42卷 3877-3885页

作者： Can Jiao Chun-Rong Zhao Li Zhang Shang-Qian Zhao Guo-Yao Pang Hao-Bo Sun shi-gang lu General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Beijing100088China China Automotive Battery Research Institute Co.Ltd Beijing101407China

A high sulfur content sulfur–carbon composite was synthesized via in situ generation method in aqueous *** the sulfur loading is up to 90%,the electrode still exhibits good cycling performance with a reversible capacity of about 623 mAh·g^(-1)after 100 *** further commercialize the Li–S battery,understanding the capacity degradation mechanism is very essential,especially with a high sulfur loading *** achieve this goal,the electrochemical performance of the high sulfur loading electrode was studied,and the structure change of the electrode after cycling was also examined by ex situ scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and other *** result shows that the Li_(2)S_(2)and Li_(2)S inhomogeneous precipitation contributes to the majority capacity fading of the high sulfur loading Li–S cells.

关键词： High loading Sulfur–carbon materials Electrochemical performance Capacity fading Lithium–sulfur battery

A high-performance lithium anode based on N-doped composite graphene

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Rare Metals 2024年第3期43卷 1030-1036页

作者： Can Jiao Hao-Bo Sun Li Zhang Shang-Qian Zhao Guo-Yao Pang Chun-Rong Zhao shi-gang lu General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Beijing100088China China Automotive Battery Research Institute Co.Ltd Beijing101407China

Lithium(Li)metal is the most promising electrode for next-gene ration rechargeable *** order to push the commercialization of the lithium metal batteries,a kind of nitrogen(N)-doped composite graphene(NCG)adopted as the Li plating host was prepared to regulate Li metal nucleation and suppress dendrite ***,a new kind of sandwich-type composite lithium metal(STCL)electrode was developed to improve its *** STCL electrode can be used as convenient as a piece of Li foil but no dendrite *** a symmetric battery,the STCL electrode cycled for more than 4500 h with the overpotential of less than 40 *** due to the creative design,the STCL promises the Li-S battery with a prolonged cycling lifespan.

关键词： Lithium metal anode Lithiophilic N-doped composite graphene Sandwich-type composite lithium metal electrode

Phase formation and crystallization of LiMn_(x)Fe_(1-x)PO_(4)-C olivine material with different Mn^(2+)contents fabricated at lower calcination temperatures

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Rare Metals 2022年第9期41卷 3142-3149页

作者： Guan-Wei Liu Xiang-Jun Zhang Song Gong Dan-Ping Jiang Bing-Xue Liu Rong Yang shi-gang lu R&D center for energy storage and vehicle batteries General Research Institute for Nonferrous MetalsBeijing100088China

LiMn_(x)Fe_(1-x)PO_(4)-C cathode materials for lithium ion batteries were synthesized via solid-state method using Li_(2)CO_(3),MnCO_(3),NH_(4)H_(2)PO_(4),FePO_(4) and sucrose as starting raw materials,followed by high-temperature reduction-annealing.A series of calcination experiments at different temperatures reveal that Mn^(2+)-containing materials exhibit a lower temperature for olivine phase formation,for example LiMn_(0.5)Fe_(0.5)PO_(4) olivine phase forms at 275℃,while manganese-free crystalline LiFePO_(4) generally forms at the required temperature of 350℃.Increasing Mn^(2+) content is found to enhance crystallization degree of LiMn_(x)Fe_(1-x)PO_(4) material prepared at lower calcination temperatures.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)results confirm that Mn valence state(+2)remains unchanged up to~250℃ when calcined in ambient *** above-mentioned beneficial effect of manganese on phase formation and crystallization of olivine can be well attributed to the stable nature of Mn^(2+)and its strong propensity to form olivine phases.

关键词： Energy storage materials Solid-state reactions Phase transitions

Electrochemical preparation of silicon nanowires from porous Ni/SiO2 blocks in molten CaCl2

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Rare Metals 2019年第8期38卷 776-782页

作者： Sheng Fang Han Wang Juan-Yu Yang shi-gang lu Bing Yu Jian-Tao Wang Chun-Rong Zhao R&D Center for Vehicle Battery and Energy Storage General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals

Silicon nanowires(SiNWs)with diameter distributions ranging from 80 to 350 nm were prepared by electrochemical reduction of Ni/SiO2 in molten *** effect of the content of nickel additives on the morphology of produced silicon was *** quantities of SiNWs are obtained by the electrochemical reduction of Ni/SiO2 blocks with SiO2 to Ni molar ratio of 20 and *** additives repress the growth of irregular branches and promote longitudinal growth of *** morphologies and surfaces are influenced by the electrolysis *** become thicker with the increase of the electrolysis *** optimum temperature to prepare single crystal SiNWs with high aspect ratio and extraordinary surface quality seems to be 1173 *** amorphous layer of the silicon nanowire is thinner compared to the SiNWs obtained from the pure SiO2 *** produced SiNWs show a photoluminescence emission peak at about 758 nm at room *** work demonstrates the potentiality for the electrochemical reduction process to obtain large quantities of SiNWs with high quality.

关键词： Silicon nanowire Nickel additives SiO2 CaCl2 Electrochemical reduction