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The Effect of a<i>Lactobacillus</i>-Based Probiotic for the Control of Necrotic Enteritis in Broilers

Food and Nutrition Sciences 2013年第11期4卷 1-7页

作者： sherryll lynn layton Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco Shivaramaiah Chaitanya Jorge Xavier Anita Menconi Juan David Latorre Gopala Kallapura Vivek Ayamchirakkunnel Kuttappan Ross Elderon Wolfenden Raphael Lucio Andreatti Filho Billy Marshal Hargis Guillermo Téllez Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México City México Department of Poultry Science University of Arkansas Fayetteville USA Department of Poultry Science University of Arkansas Fayetteville USA Vetanco Argentina S.A. Chile 33 (B1603CMA) Vicente López Buenos Aires Argentina Department of Veterinary Clinics FMVZ UNESP Campus Botucatu Brazil. Pacific Vet Group-USA Inc. Creek View Drive Fayetteville USA Vetanco Argentina S.A. Chile 33 (B1603CMA) Vicente López Buenos Aires Argentina

Necrotic Enteritis (NE) caused by Clostridium perfringens (CP) in poultry is probably the most important bacterial disease in terms of economic implications. The disease is multi-factorial and is invariably associated with predisposing factors. The present study investigated the effect of a commercially available Lactobacillus-based probiotic (FM-B11) for the control of necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens. In experiment 1, one-day-of-hatch broiler chicks were randomly allocated to the following treatment groups: 1) Non-challenged (NC);2) Challenged (C);3) Challenged + probiotic (C+ FM-B11). Prior to placement, chicks in groups 2 and 3 received 0.25 mL of Salmonella typhimurium (ST) containing 105 cfu of viable cells by oral gavage. At 14, 15 and 16 days of age, all chicks in group 3 were treated with FM-B11 in the drinking water at a concentration of 106 cfu/ml. At 21d of age, all chicks in groups 2 and 3, were individually challenged with 5 × 104 sporulated oocysts of E. maxima by oral gavage. At 26d of age, all chicks in groups 2 and 3, were individually challenged with 108 cfu CP;body weight (BW) was recorded prior to challenge. The experiment was terminated at 29 days of age and the following parameters were evaluated: NE-associated mortality, CP lesion scores, CP concentrations in ileum, BW, and body weight gain (BWG). Chicks treated with FM-B11 had significantly (P 0.05) difference in lesion score between C and C + FM-B11, group C + FM-B11 had significantly (P < 0.05) lower total number of cfu of CP recovered from the ileal mucosa and content samples when compared to group C. Experiment 2 was a unique and remarkable case report of a field outbreak of NE in a commercial broiler farm in Argentina. A reduction and control of the mortality

关键词： Lactobacillus Necrotic Enteritis Salmonella Coccidiosis Probiotic

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Numerical Simulations of Fiber Sedimentation in Navier-Stokes Flows

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Communications in Computational Physics 2009年第1期5卷 61-83页

作者： Jin Wang Anita layton Department of Mathematics and Statistics Old Dominion UniversityNorfolkVA 23529USA Department of Mathematics Box 90320Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA

We perform numerical simulations of the sedimentation of rigid fibers suspended in a viscous incompressible fluid at nonzero Reynolds *** fiber sedimentation system is modeled as a two-dimensional immersed boundary problem,which naturally accommodates the fluid-particle interactions and which allows the simulation of a large number of suspending *** study the dynamics of sedimenting fibers under a variety of conditions,including differing fiber densities,Reynolds numbers,domain boundary conditions,*** results are compared to experimental measurements and numerical results obtained in previous studies.

关键词： Fiber sedimentation immersed boundaries Navier-Stokes equations

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Numerical Methods for Fluid-Structure Interaction—A Review

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Communications in Computational Physics 2012年第7期12卷 337-377页

作者： Gene Hou Jin Wang Anita layton Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Old Dominion UniversityNorfolkVA 23529USA Department of Mathematics and Statistics Old Dominion UniversityNorfolkVA 23529USA Department of Mathematics Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA

The interactions between incompressible fluid flows and immersed structures are nonlinearmulti-physics phenomena that have applications to a wide range of scientific and engineering *** this article,we review representative numericalmethods based on conforming and non-conformingmeshes that are currently available for computing fluid-structure interaction problems,with an emphasis on some of the recent developments in the field.A goal is to categorize the selected methods and assess their accuracy and *** discuss challenges faced by researchers in this field,and we emphasize the importance of interdisciplinary effort for advancing the study in fluid-structure interactions.

关键词： Fluid-structure interaction conforming and non-conforming meshes immersed methods

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Theoretical assessment of the Ca^2＋ oscillations in the afferent arteriole smooth muscle cell of the rat kidney

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2018年第3期11卷 267-287页

作者： Ning Wei Anita T. layton Department of Mathematics Duke University Durham NC USA

The afferent arteriole （AA） of rat kidney exhibits the myogenic response, in which the vessel constricts in response to an elevation in blood pressure and dilates in response to a pressure reduction. Additionally, the AA exhibits spontaneous oscillations in vascular tone at physiological luminal pressures. These time-periodic oscillations stem from the dynamic exchange of Ca^2＋ between the cytosol and the sarcoplasmie reticulum, cou- pled to the stimulation of Ca^2＋-activated potassium and chloride channels, and to the modulation of voltage-gated L-type Ca^2＋ channels. The effects of physiological factors, including blood pressure and vasoactive substances, on AA vasomotion remain to be well characterized. In this paper, we analyze a mathematical model of Ca^2＋ signaling in an AA smooth muscle cell. The model represents detailed transmembrane ionic trans- port, intracellular Ca^2＋ dynamics as well as kinetics of nitric oxide （NO） and superoxide （O2^-） formation, diffusion and reaction. NO is an important factor in the maintenance of blood pressure and O2^- has been shown to contribute significantly to the functional alternations of blood vessels in hypertension. We perform a bifurcation analysis of the model equations to assess the effect of luminal pressure, NO and O2^- on the behaviors of limit cycle oscillations.

关键词： Afferent arteriole limit cycle oscillation bifurcation analysis nitric oxide superoxide.

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Computing Viscous Flow in an Elastic Tube

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Numerical Mathematics(Theory,Methods and Applications) 2014年第4期7卷 555-574页

作者： Yi Li Ioannis Sgouralis Anita T.layton Department of Mathematics Duke UniversityDurhamNCUSA

We have developed a numerical method for simulating viscous flow through a compliant closed tube,driven by a pair of fluid source and *** is natural for tubular flow simulations,the problem is formulated in axisymmetric cylindrical coordinates,with fluid flow described by the Navier-Stokes *** the tubular walls are assumed to be elastic,when stretched or compressed they exert forces on the *** these forces are singularly supported along the boundaries,the fluid velocity and pressure fields become *** accurately compute the solution,we use the velocity decomposition approach,according to which pressure and velocity are decomposed into a singular part and a remainder *** singular part satisfies the Stokes equations with singular boundary *** the Stokes solution is unsmooth,it is computed to second-order accuracy using the immersed interface method,which incorporates known jump discontinuities in the solution and derivatives into the finite difference *** remainder part,which satisfies the Navier-Stokes equations with a continuous body force,is *** equations describing the remainder part are discretized in time using the semi-Lagrangian approach,and then solved using a pressure-free projection *** results indicate that the computed overall solution is secondorder accurate in space,and the velocity is second-order accurate in time.

关键词： Navier-Stokes flow axisymmetry immersed boundary fluid-structure interaction

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A Hybrid Immersed Interface Method for Driven Stokes Flow in an Elastic Tube

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Numerical Mathematics(Theory,Methods and Applications) 2013年第4期6卷 600-616页

作者： Yi Li Sarah A.Williams Anita T.layton Department of Mathematics Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708-0320USA

We present a hybrid numerical method for simulating fluid flow through a compliant,closed tube,driven by an internal source and *** is assumed to be highly viscous with its motion described by Stokes *** geometry is assumed to be axisymmetric,and the governing equations are implemented in axisymmetric cylindrical coordinates,which capture 3D flow dynamics with only 2D *** solve the model equations using a hybrid approach:we decompose the pressure and velocity fields into parts due to the surface forcings and due to the source and sink,with each part handled separately by means of an appropriate *** the singularly-supported surface forcings yield an unsmooth solution,that part of the solution is computed using the immersed interface *** conditions are derived for the axisymmetric cylindrical *** velocity due to the source and sink is calculated along the tubular surface using boundary *** results are presented that indicate second-order accuracy of the method.

关键词： Stokes flow interface tracking immersed interface methods axisymmetric cylindrical coordinates boundary integrals

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The involvement of XPC protein in the cisplatin DNA damaging treatment-mediated cellular response

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Cell Research 2004年第4期14卷 303-314页

作者： Alan DOMBKOWSKI,lynn CHUANG Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Wayne State University 2727 Second Avenue Detroit MI 48201 USA Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Wayne State University 2727 Second Avenue Detroit MI 48201 USA

Recognition of DNA damage is a critical step for DNA damage-mediated cellular response. XPC is an important DNA damage recognition protein involved in nucleotide excision repair (NER). We have studied the XPC protein in cisplatin DNA damaging treatment-mediated cellular response. Comparison of the microarray data from both normal and XPC-defective human fibroblasts identified 861 XPC-responsive genes in the cisplatin treatment (with minimum fold change≥1.5). The cell cycle and cell proliferation-related genes are the most affected genes by the XPC defect in the treatment. Many other cellular function genes, especially the DNA repair and signal transduction-related genes, were also affected by the XPC defect in the treatment. To validate the microarray data, the transcription levels of some microarray-identified genes were also determined by an RT-PCR based real time PCR assay. The real time PCR results are consistent with the microarray data for most of the tested genes, indicating the reliability of th

关键词： XPC cisplatin DNA-damaging treatment microarray analysis.

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Evaluating autism in a Chinese population:the Clinical Autism Diagnostic Scale

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2014年第2期10卷 160-163页

作者： Grace Hao Thomas L layton Xiao-Bing Zou Dong-Yun Li Department of Allied Professions North Carolina Central University710 Cecil StreetDurhamNC 27707USA T and T Communication Services Inc.100 Meredith DriveSuite 100DurhamNC 27713USA Children Development and Behavior Center Third Affi liated Hospital to Sun Yet-sen UniversityNo 600 Tianhe RoadGuangzhou 510630China

Background:The purpose of this study was to report on the psychometric measures and discriminatory function of a new diagnostic test for autism spectrum disorders,the Clinical Autism Diagnostic Scale(CADS).Methods:The CADS was used to test 216 children in the study,including 86 with low-functioning autism specturm disorders(ASD),16 children with highfunctioning ASD,16 with pervasive developmental disorder,not otherwise specified,7 with Asperger syndrome,65 with typical development,11 children with language impairments and 15 with intellectual *** ranged from 38-73 *** for the groups were compared across seven ***:The results indicated the instrument was reliable,valid,and successfully differentiated the different groups of children with and without *** ASD groups were found to display difficulties in the domains of sensory behaviors and stereotyped *** play and social domains were found to measure similar underlying concepts of behaviors,while the receptive language and expressive language domains were also found to measure similar underlying-language *** group of children diagnosed as having low-functioning autism performed less well on all tested domains in the instrument than did the other three groups of children with ASD,and these other three groups each also presented unique patterns of behaviors and differed on individual ***:CADS is a reliable and valid *** successfully differentiates the abilities of children with ASD at different levels of functioning.

关键词： autism spectrum disorders diagnosis rating scale

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Chechens

Chechens

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作者： layton Katherine S.

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Integrating genomic and morphological data into bamboo taxonomicand evolutionary studies

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Plant Diversity 2023年第2期45卷 123-124页

作者： lynn G.Clark Department of Ecology Evolutionand Organismal BiologyIowa State University251 BesseyAmesIA5001-4009USA

The Bambusoideae (bamboos),with over 1700 described species,is the third largest subfamily of the Poaceae (grasses),native to all continents except Antarctica and Europe (Clark et al.,2015;Soreng et al.,2022).Within the Bambusoideae,three tribes representing the three major lineages are *** Olyreae comprise the ca.130 species of herbaceous bamboos,which are smaller and much less lignified than their woody cousins.

关键词： bamboo evolutionary Bambusoideae

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