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Linking Management and r.par.an Physical Functions to Water.Quality and Aquatic Habitat

Jour.al of Water.r.sour.e and Pr.tection 2016年第8期8卷 797-815页

作者： Donald F. Kozlowski r.ber. K. Hall sherman r. swanson Daniel T. Heggem USDA For.st Ser.ice Beckwourth Ranger District Plumas National Forest Blairsden CA USA USEPA r.gion IX WTR2 San Francisco CA USA Natur.l r.sour.es & Envir.nmental Sciences University of Nevada Reno NV USA USEPA Office of r.sear.h & Development NERL Environmental Sciences Division Las Vegas NV USA

Str.am and wetland r.par.an ar.as ar. able to sustain a state of r.siliency based on the ecosystem’s ability to attain the functions of its ecological potential. This r.siliency allows an ar.a to pr.vide and pr.duce desir.d and valued water.quality and aquatic habitat ecosystem ser.ices. Maintaining healthy aquatic and r.par.an habitats depends on “management” allowing for. or.facilitating natur.l r.cover. of r.par.an functions. Alter.ng gr.zing management pr.ctices in Maggie Cr.ek lead to changes in r.par.an functionality, water.quality, and aquatic habitat. Maggie Cr.ek basin, histor.cally r.nowned for.its fisher., is one of only a few water.heds in Nevada capable of suppor.ing Lahontan Cutthr.at Tr.ut (LCT) (Oncor.ynchus clar.ia ssp. Henshawi) meta-populations. Pr.or.to 1993, the major.ty of Maggie Cr.ek was gr.zed by cattle thr.ughout the gr.wing season. Decades of intensive gr.zing, water.development, and r.ad constr.ction degr.ded aquatic and r.par.an habitats. By the ear.y 1990’s, a major.ty of the Maggie Cr.ek water.hed was r.ted as nonfunctional or.functional-at-r.sk condition with unstable banks, channel incision, loss of r.par.an vegetation, wide shallow channels, excessive er.sion and deposition, r.duced str.am flows, and incr.ased water.temper.tur.s. As mitigation for.their.1993 South Oper.tions Ar.a Pr.ject mine dewater.ng, Newmont Mining Company, in cooper.tion with the Elko Distr.ct Bur.au of Land Management (BLM) and the Elko Land and Livestock Company, developed the Maggie Cr.ek Water.hed r.stor.tion Pr.ject to enhance LCT habitat. The pr.ject was developed to enhance 82 miles of str.am, 2000 acr.s of r.par.an habitat and 40,000 acr.s of upland water.hed pr.mar.ly thr.ugh pr.scr.ptive livestock management. Beginning in 1994, gr.zing systems wer. implemented for.por.ions of the per.nnial/inter.ittent str.ams. This gr.atly r.duced the fr.quency and dur.tion of hot season gr.zing on Maggie Cr.ek and its tr.butar.es. The objective of this paper.is to c

关键词： Ecosystem Function Water.Quality Non-Point Sour.e Pr.per.Functioning Condition

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