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Soil and microbial C:N:P stoichiometries play vital roles in regulating P transformation in agricultural ecosystems:A review

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 44-51页

作者： Guanglei CHEN Jiahui YUAN shenqiang wang Yuting LIANG Dengjun wang Yiyong ZHU Yu wang State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research StationInstitute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China School of Life Sciences Jiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhou 221000China School of Fisheries Aquacultureand Aquatic SciencesAuburn UniversityAuburn AL 36849USA Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization College of Resources and Environmental ScienceNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China

Stoichiometry plays a crucial role in biogeochemical cycles and can modulate soil nutrient availability and functions. In agricultural ecosystems,phosphorus(P) fertilizers(organic or chemical) are often applied to achieve high crop yields. However, P is readily fixed by soil particles, leading to low P use efficiency. Therefore, understanding the role of carbon:nitrogen:P stoichiometries of soil and microorganisms in soil P transformation is of great significance for P management in agriculture. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the recent research on stoichiometry effect on soil P transformation in agricultural ecosystems. Soil microorganisms play an important role in the transformation of soil non-labile inorganic P to microbial biomass P by regulating microbial biomass stoichiometry. They also mobilize soil unavailable organic P into available P by changing ecoenzyme stoichiometry. Organic materials, such as manure and straw, play an important role in promoting the transformation of insoluble P into available P as well. Additionally, periphytic biofilms can reduce P loss from rice field ecosystems. Agricultural stoichiometries are different from those of natural ecosystems and thereby should receive more attention due to the influences of anthropogenic factors. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct further stoichiometry research on the soil biochemical mechanisms underlying P transformation in agricultural ecosystems. In conclusion, understanding stoichiometry impact on soil P transformation is crucial for P management in agricultural ecosystems.

关键词： ecoenzyme microbial biomass microbial community microorganism P availability periphytic biofilm soil P transformation

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Seven years of biochar amendment has a negligible effect on soil available P and a progressive effect on organic C in paddy soils

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Biochar 2022年第1期4卷 1161-1173页

作者： Jiahui Yuan Yu wang Xu Zhao Hao Chen Guanglei Chen shenqiang wang State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research StationInstitute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 10049China

Little attention has been paid to how long-term application of crop straw and its biochar affects soil phosphorus(P)transformation and carbon(C)fractions.We conducted a 7-year field experiment including control treatment(chemical fertilizer only,CK),straw return(2.25 t ha^(−1)),and different amounts of biochar addition(11.25 t ha^(−1)(0.5%BC)and 22.5 t ha^(−1)(1.0%BC),to investigate influence of these amendments on soil C structure,P fractions,and their interaction with microorganisms.The 13C nuclear magnetic resonance and soil P sequence fractionation were applied to capture changes of soil C compositions and P pool.Compared to CK,straw and biochar amendments decreased alkyl C/O-alkyl C,which is conducive to increased soil organic C.The 0.5%BC and 1.0%BC treatments enhanced recalcitrant aromatic C by 69.0%and 131%,respectively.Compared to CK(101.2±33.32 mg kg^(−1)),the 0.5%BC and 1.0%BC treatments had a negligible effect on soil available P,while negative effects were observed in straw treatment(59.79±9.023 mg kg^(−1)).Straw and biochar amendments increased primary P and occluded P,whereas had negligible effect on organic P.Redundancy analysis and correlation analysis indi-cated that C compositions and P pool correlated to microbial community composition and enzyme activities,and aromatic C was the most related factor.Moreover,structural equation modeling indicated available P was most related to phosphatase activity and C composition.Our findings reveal the changes of soil P and C response under long-term crop straw and its biochar amendment,and can contribute toward improving understanding of the effect of biochar and straw return in future agriculture management.

关键词： Biochar Paddy soil Soil phosphorus fractionation Carbon composition Microorganisms

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Long-term biochar addition significantly decreases rice rhizosphere available phosphorus and its release risk to the environment

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Biochar 2022年第1期4卷 281-295页

作者： Hao Chen Jiahui Yuan Guanglei Chen Xu Zhao shenqiang wang Dengjun wang Lei wang Yujun wang Yu wang State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research StationInstitute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 10049China School of Fisheries Aquaculture and Aquatic SciencesAuburn UniversityAuburnAL 36849USA Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences Ministry of Ecology and EnvironmentNanjing 210042China Heilongjiang Academy of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Plant Nutrition of Heilongjiang ProvinceHeilongjiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHarbin 150086China

Phosphorus(P)availability,diffusion,and resupply processes can be altered by biochar addition in flooded rice rhizosphere,which controls the risk of P release to the environment.However,there are few in-situ investigations of these rhizospheric processes and effects.To explore the effects of biochar addition on soil P availability,high-resolution dialysis(HR-Peeper),diffusive gradients in thin films(DGT),and zymography techniques were used to provide direct evidence in the rice rhizosphere at the sub-millimeter scale.Long-term(9-years)field and greenhouse pot experiments demonstrated that biochar addition notably decreased the soluble/labile P and Fe concentrations in rice rhizosphere(vs.no biochar addition;CK)based on the results of Peeper,DGT,and two-dimensional imaging of labile P fluxes.DGT-induced fluxes in the soil/sediment(DIFS)model and sediment P release risk index(SPRRI)further indicated that biochar addition decreased the diffusion and resupply capacity of P from soil solid to the solution,thereby decreasing P release risk to the environment.These processes were dominated by Fe redox cycling and the hydrolysis of Al(hydro)oxides that greatly increased the unavailable P(Ca-P and residual-P).Additionally,greenhouse pot experiments(without additional biochar)showed that the previous long-term biochar addition significantly increased soil phosphatase activity,due to an adaptive-enhancing response to P decrease in the rhizosphere zone.The in-situ study on the biogeochemical reactions of P in the rice rhizosphere may provide a new and direct perspective to better evaluate the biochar addition and potential benefits to agricultural soils.

关键词： Biochar Rice rhizosphere Phosphorus availability DGT DIFS SPRRI

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Injectable hybrid inorganic nanoscaffold as rapid stem cell assembly template for cartilage repair

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National Science Review 2022年第4期9卷 116-127页

作者： shenqiang wang Letao Yang Bolei Cai Fuwei Liu Yannan Hou Hua Zheng Fang Cheng Hepeng Zhang Le wang Xiaoyi wang Qianxin Lv Liang Kong Ki-Bum Lee Qiuyu Zhang Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Porous Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical University Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Rutgers University Department of Biomedical Engineering Columbia University State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgerySchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical University Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen

Cartilage injuries are o?ten devastating and most cannot be cured because of the intrinsically low regenerative capacity of cartilage tissues. Although stem-cell therapy has shown enormous potential for cartilage repair, the therapeutic outcome has been restricted by low survival rates and poor chondrocyte differentiation in vivo. Here, we report an injectable hybrid inorganic(IHI) nanoscaffold that facilitates fast assembly, enhances survival and regulates chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells. IHI nanoscaffolds that strongly bind to extracellular matrix(ECM) proteins assemble stem cells through synergistic 3 D cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions, creating a favorable physical microenvironment for stem-cell survival and differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, chondrogenic factors can be loaded into nanoscaffolds with a high capacity, which allows deep, homogenous drug delivery into assembled 3 D stem-cell-derived tissues for effective control over the soluble microenvironment of stem cells. The developed IHI nanoscaffolds that assemble with stem cells are injectable. They also scavenge reactive oxygen species and timely biodegrade for proper integration into injured cartilage tissues. Implantation of stem-cell-assembled IHI nanoscaffolds into injured cartilage results in accelerated tissue regeneration and functional recovery. By establishing our IHI nanoscaffold-templated 3 D stem-cell assembly method, we provide a promising approach to better overcoming the inhibitory microenvironment associated with cartilage injuries and to advance current stem-cell-based tissue engineering.

关键词： injectable nanoscaffold 3D cell culture tissue engineering cartilage repair stem-cell therapy

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Effects of temperature change and tree species composition on N20 and NO emissions in acidic forest soils of subtropical China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第3期26卷 617-625页

作者： Yi Cheng Jing wang shenqiang wang Zucong Cai Lei wang State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China School of Geography Science Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210046 China Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences Ministry of Environmental Protection Nanjing 210042 China

Tree species and temperature change arising from seasonal variation or global warming are two important factors influencing N2O and NO emissions from forest soils. However, few studies have examined the effects of temperatures （5-35℃） on the emissions of forest soil N2O and NO in typical subtropical region. A short-term laboratory experiment was carried out to investigate the influence of temperature changes （5-35℃） on soil N2O and NO emissions under aerobic conditions in two contrasting （broad-leaved and coniferous） subtropical acidic forest types in China. The results showed that the temporal pattern of N2O and NO emissions between the three lower temperatures （5℃, 15℃, and 25℃） and 35℃ was significantly different for both broad-leaved and coniferous forest soils. The effects of temperature on soil N2O and NO emission rates varied between broad-leaved and coniferous forest soils. Both N2O and NO emissions increased exponentially with an increase in temperature in the broad-leaved forest soil. However, N2O and NO emissions in the coniferous forest soil were not sensitive to temperature change between 5℃ and 25℃. N2O and NO emission rates were significantly higher in the broad-leaved forest soil as compared with the coniferous forest soil at all incubation temperatures except 5℃. These results suggest that the broad-leaved forest could contribute more N2O and NO emissions than the coniferous forest for most of the year in the subtropical region of China.

关键词： N2O NO temperature broad-leaved forest coniferous forest

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Responses of soil phosphorus pools accompanied with carbon composition and microorganism changes to phosphorus-input reduction in paddy soils

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Pedosphere 2021年第1期31卷 83-93页

作者： Jiahui YUAN Lei wang Hao CHEN Guanglei CHEN shenqiang wang Xu ZHAO Yu wang State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research StationInstitute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Organic Food Development Center Nanjing Institute of Environmental SciencesMinistry of Environmental ProtectionNanjing 210042China College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China

In rice-wheat rotation systems, changes in soil phosphorus(P) pools and microorganisms in rice-growing seasons have been studied;however, further investigations are required to test whether these indexes exhibit different responses in wheat-growing seasons. Additionally, such studies need to include potential variations in soil carbon(C) structure and microbial community composition. In this study, a long-term rice-wheat rotation P-input reduction experiment was conducted to observe the variations in soil P pools and C composition in the 7th wheat season and to investigate the responses of soil enzyme activity and microbial communities. Four P fertilization treatments were included in the experiment, i.e., P application for rice season only(PR), for wheat season only(PW), and for both rice and wheat seasons(PR+W) and no P application in either season(Pzero). Compared with PR+W treatment, Pzero treatment significantly decreased(P < 0.05) labile and stable P pools. Different P fertilization regimes altered soil microbial community composition and enzyme activity, whereas C composition did not vary. However, PW treatment resulted in relatively more O-alkyl-C than PR treatment and the highest number of microorganisms. Besides, the higher ratios of fungi/bacteria and Gram-positive bactetia/Gram-negative bactetia were related to labile C pools, particularly O-alkyl-C, as opposed to recalcitrant C. Our results clarified the status of soil P pools, C chemistry, and the response of microorganisms under dry-farming conditions in the P input-reduced rice-wheat rotation system.

关键词： 13C nuclear magnetic resonance dry farming enzyme activity microbial community composition phospholipid fatty acid phosphorus fractionation wheat season

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Effect of P fertilizer reduction regime on soil Olsen-P, root Fe-plaque P, and rice P uptake in rice-wheat rotation paddy fields

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Pedosphere 2021年第1期31卷 94-102页

作者： Hao CHEN Yu wang Jiahui YUAN Wenbin ZHU Guanglei CHEN shenqiang wang State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research StationInstitute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China College of Resource and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences.Beijing 100049China College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China

In agricultural systems, it is vital to use limited yet optimal phosphorus(P) resources, because excessive P fertilizer application leads to the accumulation of P in soil, increasing the risk of environmental pollution and causing the waste and exhaustion of P resources. In a rice-wheat rotation system, omitting P fertilizer application in the rice-growing season is a good alternative;however, how this P fertilization reduction influences changes in P in the soil-root-aboveground system is unclear. In this study, after a seven-year rice-wheat rotation at the Yixing(YX) and Changshu(CS) sampling sites, China, compared with P fertilization in rice-and wheat-growing seasons(PR+W), reduced P fertilization(no P fertilizer application in either season, P0;P fertilization only in wheat-growing seasons, PW;and P fertilization only in rice-growing seasons, PR) did not result in substantial variation in crop biomass. The PW treatment did not reduce crop total P, root iron(Fe)-plaque P, and soil Olsen-P at three stages of rice growth(seedling, booting, and harvesting stages) at the YX and CS sites. In contrast, concentrations of soil Olsen-P, aboveground crop total P, and root Fe-plaque P decreased in the P0 treatment by 45.8%–81.0%,24.6%–30.9%, and 45.6%–73.4%, respectively. In addition, a significant negative correlation was observed between the root Fe-plaque P and crop biomass at the two sites. Significant positive correlations were also observed between root Fe-plaque P and root total P, crop total P, and soil Olsen-P. In addition, the results of a redundancy analysis revealed that soil alkaline phosphatase(ALP) played a major role in the supply of P in soil, and was closely associated with root Fe-plaque P. The results of this study will enhance the understanding of the changes in P in the soil-root-aboveground system, particularly under P fertilizer reduction regimes.

关键词： crop biomass crop total P iron plaque reduced P input rice-growth stage soil-root-aboveground system

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Using diffusive gradients in thin films technique for in-situ measurement of labile phosphorus around Oryza sativa L. roots in flooded paddy soils

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Pedosphere 2021年第1期31卷 76-82页

作者： Yu wang Hao CHEN Lei wang Wenbin ZHU Jiahui YUAN Deb P.JAISI Xu ZHAO shenqiang wang State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research StationInstitute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China Organic Food Development Center Nanjing Institute of Environmental SciencesMinistry of Environmental ProtectionNanjing 210042China Department of Plant and Soil Sciences University of DelawareNewark DE 19716(USA)

Behavior of phosphorus(P) in flooded rice soil is controlled by iron(Fe) redox cycling in root-zone. In this study, we applied a novel approach—the diffusive gradients in thin films(DGT) technique—for investigating the in-situ distribution of labile phosphorus(P) and Fe in close proximity to Asian rice(Oryza sativa L.) roots at submillimeter to millimeter spatial resolutions during the seedling and booting stages. We conducted a seven-year field experiment under rice-wheat rotation with different P fertilizer treatments. The results showed a significant and strong positive relationship of the average DGT-labile P concentration with soil Olsen P(R2= 0.77, P < 0.01) and with rice total P concentration(R^(2)= 0.62, P < 0.05). Furthermore, results on one-and two-dimensional changes of DGT-labile P indicated that fertilization only in the wheat season produced sufficient amounts of labile P in the flooded paddy soils, similar to when fertilizer was applied only in the rice season;dissolved P concentrations, however, were lower. A co-occurrence and significant positive correlation(P < 0.01) between DGT-labile P and Fe indicated Fe-coupled mobilization of P in flooded paddy soils. These results collectively indicated that the DGT technique provided information on in-situ distribution of labile P and its variability in close proximity to rice roots. This suggests that the DGT technique can improve our understanding of in-situ and high-resolution labile P processes in paddy soils and can provide useful information for optimizing P fertilization.

关键词： fertilization reduction labile P rice root Zr-oxide DGT Fe-P coupling

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A series of nanoparticles with phase-separated structures by 1,1-diphenylethene controlled one-step soap-free emulsion copolymerization and their application in drug release

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Nano Research 2017年第9期10卷 2905-2922页

作者： Xinlong Fan Jin Liu Xiangkun Jia Yin Liu Hao Zhang shenqiang wang Baoliang Zhang Hepeng Zhang Qiuyu Zhang Department of Applied Chemistry School of Natural and Applied Sciences Northwestern Polytechnical University No. 127 WestYouyi Road Xi'an 710072 China

A facile one-step approach to synthesize various phase-separated porous, raspberry-like, flower-like, core–shell and anomalous nanoparticles and nanocapsules via 1,1-diphenylethene (DPE) controlled soap-free emulsion copolymerization of styrene (S) with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), or acrylic acid (AA) is reported. By regulating the mass ratio of S/GMA, transparent polymer solution, porous and anomalous P(S-GMA) particles could be produced. The P(S-GMA) particles turn from flower-like to raspberry-like and then to anomalous structures with smooth surface as the increase of divinylbenzene (DVB) crosslinker. Transparent polymer solution, nanocapsules and core–shell P(S-AA) particles could be obtained by altering the mole ratio of S/AA; anomalous and raspberry-like P(S-AA) particles are produced by adding DVB. The unpolymerized S resulted from the low monomer conversion in the presence of DPE aggregates to form nano-sized droplets, and migrates towards the external surfaces of the GMA-enriched P(S-GMA) particles and the internal bulk of the AA-enriched P(S-AA) particles. The nano-sized droplets function as in situ porogen, porous P(S-GMA) particles and P(S-AA) nanocapsules are produced when the porogen is removed. This novel, facile, one-step method with excellent controllability and reproducibility will inspire new strategies for creating hierarchical phase-separated polymeric particles with various structures by simply altering the species and ratio of comonomers. The drug loading and release experiments on the porous particles and nanocapsules demonstrate that the release of doxorubicin hydrochloride is very slow in weakly basic environment and quick in weakly acidic environment, which enables the porous particles and nanocapsules with promising potential in drug delivery applications.

关键词： phase separation 1,1-diphenylethene controlled polymerization porous nanocapsules controlled release

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Mode-switchable dual-color infrared quantum cascade detector

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Photonics Research 2024年第2期12卷 253-259页

作者： YIXUAN ZHU shenqiang ZHAI KUN LI KAI GUO QIANGQIANG GUO JINCHUAN ZHANG SHUMAN LIU LIJUN wang FENGQI LIU JUNQI LIU Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science Beijing Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Semiconductor Materials and DevicesInstitute of SemiconductorsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100083China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

In this paper,a patch-antenna-array enhanced quantum cascade detector with freely switchable operating modes among mid-wave,long-wave,and dual-color was proposed and discussed.The dual-color absorption occurs in a single active region through an optimized coupled miniband diagonal-transition subbands arrangement,and a successful separation of the operation regimes was realized by two nested antenna arrays with different patch sizes up to room temperature.At 77 K,the 5.7-μm channel achieved a peak responsivity of 34.6 mA/W and exhibited a detectivity of 2.0×10^(10)Jones,while the 10.0-μm channel achieved a peak responsivity of 87.5 mA/W,giving a detectivity of 5.0×10^(10)Jones.Under a polarization modulation of the incident light,the minimum cross talk of the mid-wave and the long-wave operating modes was 1:22.5 and 1:7.6,respectively.This demonstration opens a new prospect for multicolor infrared imaging chip integration technology.

关键词： antenna polarization quantum

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