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Variability of Raindrop Size Distribution during a Regional Freezing Rain Event in the Jianghan Plain of Central China

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第4期40卷 725-742,I0015-I0018页

作者： Jingjing LÜ Yue ZHOU Zhikang FU Chunsong LU Qin HUANG Jing SUN Yue ZHAO shengjie niu Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Hubei Key Laboratory for Heavy Rain Monitoring and Warning Research Institute of Heavy RainChina Meteorological AdministrationWuhan 430205China Department of Physics University of AucklandAuckland 1010New Zealand

The characteristics of the raindrop size distribution(DSD)during regional freezing rain(FR)events that occur throughout the phase change(from liquid to solid)are poorly understood due to limited observations.We investigate the evolution of microphysical parameters and the key formation mechanisms of regional FR using the DSDs from five disdrometer sites in January 2018 in the Jianghan Plain(JHP)of Central China.FR is identified via the size and velocity distribution measured from a disdrometer,the discrete Fréchet distancemethod,surface temperature,human observations,and sounding data.With the persistence of precipitation,the emergence of graupel or snowflakes significantly reduces the proportion of FR.The enhancement of this regional FR event is mainly dominated by the increase in the number concentration of raindrops but weakly affected by the diameters.To improve the accuracy of quantitative precipitation estimation for the FR event,a modified second-degree polynomial relation between the shapeμand slopeΛof gamma DSDs is derived,and a new Z-R(radar reflectivity to rain rate)relationship is developed.The mean values of mass-weighted mean diameters(D_(m))and generalized intercepts(lgN_(w))in FR are close to the stratiform results in the northern region of China.Both the melting of tiny-rimed graupels and large-dry snowflakes are a response to the formation of this regional FR process in the JHP,dominated by the joint influence of the physical mechanism of warm rain,vapor deposition,and aggregation/riming coupled with the effect of weak convective motion in some periods.

关键词： freezing rain raindrop size distribution hydrometeor type classification microphysical characteristics lgNw-Dm distribution Jianghan Plain

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Variations of Raindrop Size Distribution and Radar Retrieval in Outer Rainbands of Typhoon Mangkhut(2018)

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2022年第3期36卷 500-519页

作者： Jingjing LYU Huiwen XIAO Yuchun DU Lina SHA Yuqing DENG Weikai JIA shengjie niu Yue ZHOU Guqian PANG Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD) Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological AdministrationNanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044 Hubei Key Laboratory for Heavy Rain Monitoring and Warning Research Institute of Heavy RainChina Meteorological AdministrationWuhan 430205 Climate Center of Guangdong Province Guangzhou 510080 College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049

The evolution of the microphysical properties of raindrops from Typhoon Mangkhut’s outer rainbands as the storm made landfall in South China in September 2018 was investigated.The observations by three two-dimensional video disdrometers deployed in central Guangdong Province were analyzed concurrently.It was found that the radial distribution of the median volume diameter(D_(0))and normalized intercept parameter(N_(w))varied in different stages,and that raindrops smaller than 3.0 mm contributed more than 99%of the total precipitation.Considering the characteristics of precipitation in the typhoon outer rainband,a modified stratiform rain(SR)-convective rain(CR)separator line is proposed based on D_(0) and N_(w) scatterplots.Meanwhile,an“S-C likelihood index”is introduced,which was used to classify three rain types(SR,CR,and mixed rain).The CR results were highly consistent with those of the improved typhoon precipitation classification method based on rain rate.By calculating effectively the radar reflectivity factor(Ze)in the Ku and Ka bands,D0-Ze and N_(w)-D_(0) empirical relations were thereby derived for improving the accuracy of rainfall retrieval.Among the four quantitative precipitation estimators using S-band dual-polarimetric radar parameters simulated by the T-matrix method,the estimator that adopted the specific differential phase and differential reflectivity was found to be the most effective for both SR and CR.

关键词： typhoon two-dimensional video disdrometer drop size distribution axis ratio quantitative precipitation estimation

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Numerical simulation on the evolution of cloud particles in 3-D convective cloud

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Science China Earth Sciences 2009年第8期52卷 1195-1206页

作者： XiaoLi Liu shengjie niu Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education School of Atmospheric Physics Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing 210044 China

A 3-D convective cloud model with compressible non-hydrostatic dynamics and the spectral bin microphysics of a 2-D slab-symmetric model has been used to simulate an observed supercell storm occurring on 29 June, 2000 near Bird City, Kansas, USA. The main objective of this paper is to study the evolution of particles in this convective storm with bin spectral microphysics scheme. Graupels form and grow through two mechanisms, deposition and riming, with the riming process dominant on top of the inflow and in the upper portion of main updraft. Over the outflow and during the developing and mature stages of the storm, graupel particles mainly grow through deposition with dominant unimodal spectra. Most fall out after growing up. Reducing initial relative humidity disturbance (increasing initial potential temperature disturbance) has negative impact on the formation and growth of graupels over the inflow (outflow). This study shows that large graupel and hail could be suppressed by altering the deposition and coalescence process over the inflow and main updraft. At different locations of the convective cells and with different initial humidity and potential temperature disturbance, the graupel formation and growth mechanisms are different, so as to the feasible hail suppression locations and methods.

关键词： spectral bin microphysics 3-D convective cloud numerical simulation evolution of particle spectrum

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Observational Study on the Supercooled Fog Droplet Spectrum Distribution and Icing Accumulation Mechanism in Lushan, Southeast China

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2019年第1期36卷 29-40页

作者： Tianshu WANG shengjie niu Jingjing Lü Yue ZHOU School of Atmospheric Physics Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing Tech University Key Laboratory for Aerosol–Cloud–Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Wuhan Regional Climate Center

A fog monitor, hotplate total precipitation sensor, weather identifier and visibility sensor, ultrasonic wind speed meter,an icing gradient observation frame, and an automated weather station were involved in the observations at the Lushan Meteorological Bureau of Jiangxi Province, China. In this study, for the icing process under a cold surge from 20–25 January2016, the duration, frequency, and spectrum distribution of agglomerate fog were analyzed. The effects of rain, snow, and supercooled fog on icing growth were studied and the icing and meteorological conditions at two heights(10 m and 1.5 m)were compared. There were 218 agglomerate fogs in this icing process, of which agglomerate fogs with durations less than and greater than 10 min accounted for 91.3% and 8.7%, respectively. The average time interval was 10.3 min. The fog droplet number concentration for sizes 2–15 μm and 30–50 μm increased during rainfall, and that for 2–27 μm decreased during snowfall. Icing grew rapidly(1.3 mm h-1) in the freezing rain phase but slowly(0.1 mm h-1) during the dry snow phase. Intensive supercooled fog, lower temperatures and increased wind speed all favored icing growth during dry snow(0.5 mm h-1). There were significant differences in the thickness, duration, density, and growth mechanism of icing at the heights of 10 m and 1.5 m. Differences in temperature and wind speed between the two heights were the main reasons for the differences in icing conditions, which indicated that icing was strongly affected by height.

关键词：生长机制糖衣学习分发光谱微滴中国累积

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Meteorological conditions of ice accretion based on real-time observation of high voltage transmission line

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2012年第4期57卷 812-818页

作者： Yue Zhou shengjie niu JingJing Lü LiJuan Zhao Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol Key Lab Meteorol Disaster Minist Educ Sch Atmospher Phys Nanjing 210044 Jiangsu Peoples R China

Meteorological conditions during ice accretion on the 500 kV high voltage transmission lines and test cables are presented, together with a calculation of liquid water content (LWC). The data include meteorological observations and real-time ice accretion on the transmission lines of the central China power grid, from 2008 to 2009 in Hubei Province. Also included are observations of ice thickness, microphysics of fog droplets, and other relevant data from a nearby automated weather station at Enshi radar station, from January to March 2009. Results show that temperature at Zhangen tower #307 was correlated with the temperature at Enshi radar station. The temperature on the surface of the high voltage transmission line was 2-4°C higher than ambient air temperature, although the temperatures were positively correlated. Ice formation temperature was about -2°C and ice shedding temperature was about -2 to -1°C on the high voltage transmission line, both of which were lower than the temperature threshold values on the test cable. Ice thickness was significantly affected by temperature variation when the ice was thin. The calculated LWC was correlated with observed LWC, although the calculated value was greater.

关键词：高压输电线路气象条件实时观察积冰表面温度气象观测低定量涂布纸海冰厚度

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Observational study of the physical and chemical characteristics of the winter radiation fog in the tropical rainforest in Xishuangbanna, China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2021年第11期64卷 1982-1995页

作者： Yuan WANG shengjie niu Chunsong LU Jingjing LV Jing ZHANG Hongwei ZHANG Sirui ZHANG Naifu SHAO Wei SUN Yuchen JIN Qinghai SONG Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters and Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological AdministrationNanjing University of Information Science&Technology(NUIST)Nanjing 210044China College of Safety Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 210009China Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology(TFE) Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Menglun 666303China Henan Meteorological Observation and Data Center Zhengzhou 450003China

We conducted a three-month field experiment focusing on the physical and chemical characteristics of fog in a tropical rainforest in Xishuangbanna,Southwest China,in the winter of 2019.In general,the fog would form at midnight and persist because of the increased long-wave radiative cooling combined with the high relative humidity,gentle breeze,and a relatively low aerosol number concentration in the forest;the fog would dissipate before noon due to the increasing turbulence near the surface.This diurnal cycle is typical for radiation fog.The microphysical fog properties included a relatively low number concentration of the fog droplet,large droplet size,high liquid water content,narrow droplet number-size distribution,and high supersaturation.The chemical properties showed that the fog water was slightly alkaline with low electrical conductivity,whereas the highest proportions of anions and cations therein were Cl^(−)and Ca^(2+),respectively;the chemical components were enriched in small fog droplets.In addition,we indirectly calculated the fog supersaturation according to theκ-Köhler theory.We found that condensation broadens the droplet number-size distribution at relatively low supersaturation,which is positively correlated with the fog-droplet number concentration and negatively correlated with the droplet mean-volume diameter;this affects the key microphysical processes of fog.

关键词： Radiation fog Formation and disappearance mechanisms Physical and chemical characteristics Supersaturation Tropical rainforest

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基于飞机观测的华北降水云系上升气流区微结构研究

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大气科学 2024年第2期48卷 431-444页

作者：王心怡牛生杰吕晶晶王元靳雨晨邬昊鹏南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心/中国气象局气溶胶与云降水重点开放实验室南京210044 南京工业大学安全科学与工程学院南京211816 中国气象局旱区特色农业气象灾害监测预警与风险管理重点实验室银川750002

上升气流是成云致雨的基本条件之一。本文利用河北省2017年5月一次层积混合云的机载云物理探测系统测量资料,研究了云中上升气流速度分布,云微结构特征以及二者的相关性。结果表明:云中上升气流速度随高度呈抛物线型分布,云底部较小(0.7... 详细信息

上升气流是成云致雨的基本条件之一。本文利用河北省2017年5月一次层积混合云的机载云物理探测系统测量资料,研究了云中上升气流速度分布,云微结构特征以及二者的相关性。结果表明:云中上升气流速度随高度呈抛物线型分布,云底部较小(0.75±0.52 m s^(−1)),云中部最大(3.64±2 m s^(−1)),云顶部最小(0.32±0.29 m s^(−1));发现随高度增加,云中上升气流区内冰粒子形状依次以片状、针状、柱状为主;暖云上升气流区中,上升气流速度与液态含水量正相关,相关系数为0.61;强垂直气流条件下云滴数浓度、最大云滴尺度大于弱垂直气流相应的数值,强垂直气流云粒子谱更符合Г函数分布。

关键词：降水云系飞机观测上升气流区云微物理结构

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A GIS Based Approach to Back Trajectory Analysis and Mass Concentration &Dispositions of Aerosols in Nairobi, Kenya

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2019年第2期7卷 122-139页

作者： Zachary Misiani Yin Lun shengjie niu Jingjing Lü Luyao Zhang Kenya Meteorological Department Ministry of Environment & Forestry Nairobi Kenya Yunnan Academy of Social Sciences Kunming China Key Laboratory of Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation China Meteorological Administration Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing China

The origins and pathways of atmospheric aerosols in Kenya are examined in Nairobi for the three years (2015-2017) using HYSPLIT model and meteorological data. Aerosol concentrations in Kenya depended on the frequency of the air mass from the northeastern Asian Continent and southeastern Madagascar Island. There was a direct correlation of more pollutants during dry and hot seasons (JJA) of the year. To study the reasons for the seasonal variations, the origins of the air mass flowing to Nairobi were analyzed by backward air mass trajectory analysis. Monthly variations revealed that aerosols are transported from different directions due to variation of winds flowing and peak values were during July because of the increased emissions due to higher temperature and stronger solar radiation during heating, while the lowest value found in April was probably due to rain wash.

关键词： Source Identification Aerosol Particles Mascarene Azores St. Helena Arabia

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The formation and precipitation mechanism of two ordered patterns of embedded convection in stratiform cloud

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Science China Earth Sciences 2012年第1期55卷 113-125页

作者： LI YanWei niu shengjie Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Physics and Environment of China Meteorological Administration Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China

Although convection embedded in stratiform cloud is often disordered, it is ordered under certain weather conditions. In particular, there are two forms of ordered convection: embedded convection with a ladder-like pattern and that with a parallel pattern. However, there is little literature regarding these patterns. Because stratiform clouds with embedded convection are major objects for weather-modification studies, it is important to explore the formation/development and characteristic precipitation of embedded convection from the perspective of cloud and precipitation physics. In this paper, using observation data, we simulate a large-scale precipitation event in China for July 19-21, 2007, employing the mesoscale Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model (V2.2). The rainfall-related clouds are analyzed through simulation, with particular focus being given to the genesis of embedded convection, the precipitation and microphysical properties. The results show that the WRF model can simulate features of this kind of nephsystem, indicating a close relationship between convection genesis and the 500 hPa trough and low-level convergence line. In such a favorable weather situation, there are two ordered patterns of embedded con- vection in the nephsystem, one being a group of convection centers arranged at different altitudes in a ladder-like manner and the other being a group of convection centers with a parallel pattern. In the first case, rainfall also has a ladder feature, with precipitation being highest for the top convection and reducing to the base convection. This implies that the higher the convection develops, the more active the microphysics in warmand cold-cloud processes is, leading to greater precipitation; i.e. rainfall in a ladder-like distribution. In the second case, rainfall decreases step by step from south to north, with the precipitation depending strongly on the cloud-water content therein. The two patterns of embedded convection and their precipitation features and microphysics are inten

关键词：降水机制嵌入式层状云对流有序 WRF模式天气条件物理成因

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A method for distinguishing and linking turbulent entrainment mixing and collision-coalescence in stratocumulus clouds

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2013年第32期58卷 545-551页

作者： LU ChunSong LIU YanGang niu shengjie Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Physics and Environment of China Meteorological Administration Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Atmospheric Sciences Division Brookhaven National Laboratory

This paper presents a method to distinguish and link inhomogeneous mixing with subsequent ascent and collision-coalescence. Three stratocumulus clouds analyzed were collected over the U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Southern Great Plains site during the March 2000 cloud Intensive Observation Period. The criteria are presented to distinguish the two processes. Inhomogeneous mixing with subsequent ascent is identified if cloud along an aircraft horizontal leg is non-drizzling and the relationship between cloud volume-mean radius and liquid water content is negative; in contrast, drizzling and positive relationship between the above two properties are the criteria for collision-coalescence. To link the two processes, threshold function, the possibility of occurrence of collision-coalescence, is employed; the big droplets generated during the in-homogeneous mixing with subsequent ascent increase the threshold function, initiates collision-coalescence and produces drizzle drops. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study on distinguishing and linking inhomogeneous mixing with subsequent ascent and collision-coalescence based on observational data.

关键词：非均匀混合碰撞聚结链接层积云液态水含量上升过程夹带

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