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New electrocatalysts and mechanisms pave the way to urea oxidation with superior activities and stability

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Science China Chemistry 2022年第2期65卷 199-201页

作者： Yuntong sun sheng Chen Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials(Ministry of Education) School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China

Urea(CO(NH_(2))_(2))is a globally abundant waste product in accompany with industrial activities and naturally breaks down into ammonia(NH_(3))and nitrate.Nowadays,over 80%of these pollutants are discharged directly into rivers and oceans,causing significant health and environmental problems[1].As a consequence,there are enormous interests in urea oxidation reaction(UOR).UOR is a central half-reaction in urea electrolysis and urea-based fuel cells that can treat urea-rich wastewater simultaneously[1].

关键词： wastewater globally consequence

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中国现代水产种业创新发展的路径思考

农业现代化研究 2021年第3期42卷 377-389页

作者：操建华孙东升中国社会科学院农村发展研究所北京100732 中国农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所北京100081

现代水产种业是水产养殖业绿色高质量发展的重要物质基础和核心竞争力,充分研究其发展面临的问题,探讨其发展路径对水产种业现代化建设具有重要意义。本文在回顾中国水产苗种产业发展历史的基础上,基于国家种业发展战略和现代水产种业... 详细信息

现代水产种业是水产养殖业绿色高质量发展的重要物质基础和核心竞争力,充分研究其发展面临的问题,探讨其发展路径对水产种业现代化建设具有重要意义。本文在回顾中国水产苗种产业发展历史的基础上,基于国家种业发展战略和现代水产种业的内涵,分析现代水产种业发展重点、现有基础、优势、存在的问题和制度管理差距,提出了创新发展的路径。研究表明,中国是水产种业大国,但总体上还处于发展的初级阶段。我国水产种质资源丰富,资源保护体系、原良种和苗种生产体系、水产种业技术体系和法律法规管理体系已初步建立。但也存在种质资源保护基础较弱、先进技术集成运用不足、新品种研发层次低的问题。以种业企业为主体的商业化运行体系尚未建立,支持政策不足,市场管理有待加强。同时,种质资源管理机构和职能少,资源保护立法和管理滞后,新品种审定及知识产权保护办法有待完善,育种联合攻关和新品种商业化机制也有待深化。苗种行业进入门槛低,生产标准化不足。现代水产种业应围绕生物育种,构建以市场为导向、以企业为主体、产学研协同的中国特色水产种业创新体系。因此,建议强化国家水产种质资源保护机构及其职能,尽快完善种质资源管理办法、新品种审定办法和新品种产权保护规定。通过健全政府支持体系、提高产业进入门槛、改革人才流动机制、严格苗种许可制度、净化经营环境等,扶持优质水产种业企业快速成长。同时积极推动数字化技术运用。

关键词：水产种业现代种业生物育种创新发展种质资源水产养殖绿色发展

Grain boundary segregation and relaxation in nano-grained polycrystalline alloys

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2021年第2期64卷 72-90页

作者： Tong-Yi Zhang Ying-Xin Gao Sheng sun Materials Genome Institute Shanghai UniversityShanghai200444China

The present study carries out systematic thermodynamics analysis of Grain Boundary(GB)segregation and relaxation in NanoGrained(NG)polycrystalline alloys.GB segregation and relaxation is an internal process towards thermodynamic equilibrium,which occurs naturally in NG alloys without any applied loads,causes deformation and generates internal stresses.The analysis comprehensively investigates the multiple coupling effects among chemical concentrations and mechanical stresses in GBs and grains.A hybrid approach of eigenstress and eigenstrain is developed herein to solve the multiple coupling problem.The analysis results indicate that the GB stress and grain stress induced by GB segregation and relaxation can be extremely high in NG alloys,reaching the GPa level,which play an important role in the thermal stability of NG alloys,especially via the coupling terms between stress and concentration.The present theoretic analysis proposes a novel criterion of thermal stability for NG alloys,which is determined by the difference in molar free energy between a NG alloy and its reference single crystal with the same nominal chemical composition.If the difference at a temperature is negative or zero,the NG alloy is thermal stable at that temperature,otherwise unstable.

关键词： nano-grained alloys thermal stability grain boundary segregation eigenstress eigenstrain

A Thermodynamic Perspective on Polymer Glass Formation

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2023年第9期41卷 1329-1341,I0004页

作者： Wen-sheng Xu Zhao-Yan sun State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun130022China

The dynamics of polymeric and other glass-forming liquids dramatically slows down upon cooling toward the glass transition temperature without any obvious significant change in their static structure.A quantitative understanding of this extraordinary dynamic slowdown remains one of the most significant challenges in condensed matter physics.Historically,extensive efforts have been devoted to explaining the dynamics of glass-forming liquids in terms of thermodynamic properties,leading to a number of semi-empirical models emphasizing distinct thermodynamic properties.Here,a thermodynamic perspective is provided on the glass formation of polymeric and other materials.We begin with an overview of the thermodynamic models of glass formation,including the intuitively appealing“free volume”models,enthalpy models originally emphasized by Goldstein and later by others,and the highly influential configurational entropy-based models.The review of these models is followed by a discussion of the advances that attempt to bring together some of the seemingly disparate thermodynamic viewpoints on glass formation by revealing a close interrelation between thermodynamic properties.We conclude this review with remarks on several key topics in this field,along with our viewpoint for future work.

关键词： Glass formation Entropy Free volume Enthalpy

A Coverage Optimization Algorithm for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks based on Dijkstra Method

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2023年第8期10卷 1769-1771页

作者： Meiqin Tang Jiawen sheng Shaoyan sun the School of Mathematics and Statistic Science Ludong UniversityYantai 264000China

Dear Editor,This letter presents a coverage optimization algorithm for underwater acoustic sensor networks(UASN)based on Dijkstra method.Due to the particularity of underwater environment,the multipath effect and channel are easily disturbed,resulting in more node energy consumption.Once the energy is exhausted,the network transmission stability and network connectivity will be affected.

关键词： network multipath Dijkstra

Molecular Chaperone-Dependent Polymer Translocation through Nanopores: The Effects of Chaperone Concentration and Chaperone-Polymer Interaction

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第1期42卷 125-132,I0011页

作者： Chang-sheng Zuo Kang Wang Li-Zhen sun Ting-Ting sun Department of Physics Zhejiang University of Science and TechnologyHangzhou 310023China Department of Applied Physics Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310014China

The polymer translocation through a nanopore from a donor space(or named cis side) to a receiver space(trans side) in the chaperone-induced crowded environment has attracted increasing attention in recent years due to its significance in biological systems and technological applications. In this work, we mainly focus on the effects of chaperone concentration and chaperone-polymer interaction on the polymer translocation. By assuming the polymer translocation to be a quasi-equilibrium process, the free energy F of the polymer can be estimated by Rosenbluth-Rosenbluth method and then the translocation time τ can be calculated by Fokker-Plank equation based on the obtained free energy landscape. Our calculation results show that the translocation time can be controlled by independently tuning the chaperone concentration and chaperone-polymer interaction at the cis side or the trans side. There exists a critical chaperone-polymer attraction ε~*=-0.2 at which the volume exclusion and interaction effects of the chaperone can balance each other. Additionally, we also find that at large chaperone-polymer attraction, the translocation time is mainly governed by the diffusion coefficient of the polymer.

关键词： Polymer translocation Rosenbluth-Rosenbluth method Fokker-Plank equation Free energy landscapes

Adipose tissue macrophages:implications for obesity-associated cancer

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Military Medical Research 2023年第5期10卷 636-651页

作者： Bei Li Si sun Juan-Juan Li Jing-Ping Yuan sheng-Rong sun Qi Wu Department of Pathology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430060China Department of Clinical Laboratory Renmin Hospitalof Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430060China Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430060China Tongji University Cancer Center Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji UniversitySchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

Obesity is one of the most serious global health problems,with an incidence that increases yearly and coincides with the development of cancer.Adipose tissue macrophages(ATMs)are particularly important in this context and contribute to linking obesity-related inflammation and tumor progression.However,the functions of ATMs on the progression of obesity-associated cancer remain unclear.In this review,we describe the origins,phenotypes,and functions of ATMs.Subsequently,we summarize the potential mechanisms on the reprogramming of ATMs in the obesity-associated microenvironment,including the direct exchange of dysfunctional metabolites,inordinate cytokines and other signaling mediators,transfer of extracellular vesicle cargo,and variations in the gut microbiota and its metabolites.A better understanding of the properties and functions of ATMs under conditions of obesity will lead to the development of new therapeutic interventions for obesity-related cancer.

关键词： Adipose tissue macrophages Macrophage Adipose Obesity Cancer Therapy

Advances in new antivirals for chronic hepatitis B

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Chinese Medical Journal 2022年第5期135卷 571-583页

作者： Yanhua Tang Hongyan Liang Ge Zeng sheng Shen Jian sun State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis ResearchDepartment of Infectious DiseasesNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510515China

Chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection remains a global health burden.Timely and effective antiviral therapy is beneficial for patients with HBV infection.With existing antiviral drugs,including nucleos(t)ide analogs and interferon-alfa,patients can achieve viral suppression with improved prognosis.However,the rate of hepatitis B surface antigen loss is low.To achieve a functional cure and even complete cure in chronic hepatitis B patients,new antivirals need to be developed.In this review,we summarized the advantages and disadvantages of existing antiviral drugs and focused on new antivirals including direct-acting antiviral drugs and immunotherapeutic approaches.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus New antivirals Functional cure Complete cure

Epidemiology of Animal Rabies—China,2010–2020

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China CDC weekly 2021年第39期3卷 815-818页

作者： Ye Feng Jihong Ma Sheng sun Lijuan Chi Zhanying Kou Changchun Tu Changchun Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agriculture SciencesChangchunJilinChina China Animal Disease Control Center BeijingChina.

Introduction:Rabies is a fatal zoonotic infectious disease that poses a serious threat to public health in China.Since 2005,a National Animal Rabies Surveillance System has been operating to understand the rabies situation in animals in China with a view to control and eventually eliminate dog-mediated human rabies.Methods:From 2010,the brain tissues of dogs,livestock,and wild animals showing rabies-like clinical signs were collected and tested by the National Reference Laboratory(NRL)for Animal Rabies to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of rabies,including animal species,geographic distribution,and transmission sources.Over the same period,clinically suspected animal rabies cases were collected by Animal Disease Control Centers through the National Animal Disease Monitoring Information Platform(NADMIP)and then reported in the Veterinary Bulletin.Results:During 2010–2020,170 of 212 suspected animal rabies cases were submitted to and confirmed by NRL as rabies virus-positive.Of these confirmed cases dogs,especially free-roaming and ownerless dogs in rural areas,were major transmission hosts(71/170).A total of 51 infected dogs attacked humans with 45 biting more than one person.The dog cases were reported all year round,but with significantly more in spring and summer.The majority of livestock rabies cases(70/80)being caused by rabid wild foxes in Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia revealed that foxes play a pivotal role in animal rabies epizootics in the north and northwest of the country.Conclusion:Dogs were the main transmission sources of rabies in China,and along with the recent increase of rabies in foxes and other wildlife,presented an increasing threat to livestock and public health.

关键词： Rabies Animal Epidemiology