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Disaster effects of climate change in High Mountain Asia:State of art and scientific challenges Disaster effects of climate change in High Mountain Asia:State of art and scientific challenges

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Advances in Climate Change research 2024年第3期15卷 367-389页

作者： Hao wang Bin-Bin wang Peng CUI Yao-Ming MA yan wang Jian-sheng HAO Yu wang Ya-Mei LI Li-Jun SUN Jiao wang guo-Tao ZHANG Wei-Mo LI Yu LEI Wen-qing ZHAO Jin-Bo TANG Chao-Yue LI Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Environment and Resources(TPESER)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China China‒Pakistan Joint research Center on Earth sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesIslamabad 45320Pakistan College of Earth and Planetary sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China College of Atmospheric science Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China National Observation and research Station for Qomolongma Special Atmospheric Processes and environmental Changes Dingri 858200China

High Mountain Asia(HMA)shows a remarkable warming tendency and divergent trend of regional precipitation with enhanced meteorological *** rapid thawing of the HMA cryosphere may alter the magnitude and frequency of nature *** reviewed the influence of climate change on various types of nature hazards in HMA region,including their phenomena,mechanisms and *** reveals that:1)the occurrences of extreme rainfall,heavy snowfall,and drifting snow hazards are escalating;accelerated ice and snow melting have advanced the onset and increased the magnitude of snowmelt floods;2)due to elevating trigger factors,such as glacier debuttressing and the rapid shift of thermal and hydrological regime of bedrock/snow/ice interface or subsurface,the mass flow hazards including bedrock landslide,snow avalanche,ice-rock avalanches or glacier detachment,and debris flow will become more severe;3)increased active-layer detachment and retrogressive thaw slumps slope failures,thaw settlement and thermokarst lake will damage many important engineering structures and infrastructure in permafrost region;4)multi-hazards cascading hazard in HMA,such as the glacial lake outburst flood(GLOF)and avalanche-induced mass flow may greatly enlarge the destructive power of the primary hazard by amplifying its volume,mobility,and impact force;and 5)enhanced slope instability and sediment supply in the highland areas could impose remote catastrophic impacts upon lowland regions,and threat hydropower security and future water *** future,ongoing thawing of HMA will profoundly weaken the multiple-phase material of bedrock,ice,water,and soil,and enhance activities of nature *** and cascading hazards of high magnitude will prevail in *** the glacier runoff overpasses the peak water,low flow or droughts in lowland areas downstream of glacierized mountain regions will became more frequent and *** escalating hazards in the HMA region requires tackling s

关键词： High Mountain Asia Climate change Cryosphere degradation Nature hazards Disaster risk

Dynamic foraging strategy adaptation to heterogeneous environments contributes to social aggregation in snub-nosed monkeys

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Zoological research 2024年第1期45卷 39-54页

作者： Lan Zhao sheng-Nan Ji Xiao-Bing Du Jia-Hui Liu Bo-Lun Zhang Pei-Hua Li Yi-Jun yang Bao-guo Li yan-qing guo Xiao-Guang Qi College of Life sciences Northwest UniversityXi’anShaanxi 710069China Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesChengduSichuan 610041China State Key Laboratory of environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China

The dynamics of animal social structures are heavily influenced by environmental patterns of competition and *** folivorous colobine primates,prevailing theories suggest that larger group sizes should be favored in rainforests with a year-round abundance of food,thereby reducing feeding ***,paradoxically,larger groups are frequently found in high-altitude or high-latitude montane ecosystems characterized by a seasonal scarcity of *** contradiction is posited to arise from cooperative benefits in heterogeneous *** investigate this hypothesis,we carried out a six-year field study on two neighboring groups of golden snub-nosed monkey(Rhinopithecus roxellana),a species representing the northernmost distribution of colobine *** showed that the groups adjusted their movement and habitat selection in response to fluctuating climates and spatiotemporal variability of resources,indicative of a dynamic foraging ***,during the cold,resource-scarce conditions in winter,the large group occupied food-rich habitats but did not exhibit significantly longer daily travel distances than the smaller neighboring ***,we compiled an eco-behavioral dataset of 52 colobine species to explore their evolutionary *** of this dataset suggested that the increase in group size may have evolved via home range expansion in response to the cold and heterogeneous climates found at higher altitudes or ***,we developed a multi-benefits framework to interpret the formation of larger groups by integrating environmental *** cold and diverse environments,even smaller groups require larger home ranges to meet their dynamic survival *** spatiotemporal distribution of high-quality resources within these expanded home ranges facilitates more frequent interactions between groups,thereby encouraging social aggregation into larger *** process enhances the benefits of collabor

关键词： Social evolution Folivore paradox MLS Rhinopithecus roxellana Multi-benefits framework

Aquatic toxicity of di (2-eihylhexyl) phthalate to duckweeds

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Journal of Shanghai University(English Edition) 2010年第2期14卷 100-105页

作者：徐刚刘宁吴明红郭瑞云周佳欣施文彦李发生 School of environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University Department of Soil Pollution Control Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences

This study is concerned with the effects of di （2-ethylhexyl） phthalate （DEHP） on two kinds of duckweeds （Spirodela polyrhiza and Lemna minor）.The results indicate that DEHP has aquatic toxicity to Spirodela polyrhiza at 0.4 mg/L and to Lemna minor at over 0.1 mg/L by changing their physiologic-biochemical *** contents of duckweed chlorophyll and soluble protein decrease with increasing DEHP concentration after 7 d of *** shows the stimulating role in catalase （CAT） and superoxide dismutase （SOD） systems at relative low *** 0.01 mg/L and 0.005 mg/L,SOD activities of Spirodela polyrhiza and Lemna minor reach their peak values respectively,while CAT activity reaches its maximum value at 0.05 mg/L and 0.01 mg/*** DEHP levels are too high,the protection enzyme system would be destroyed and plant growth is *** analysis of malondialdehyde （MDA） and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy manifest that DEHP could affect the tested duckweeds by destroying its cell membranes,and Spirodela polyrhiza is more resistant to DEHP exposure than Lemna minor.

关键词： di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) duckweed aquatic toxicity antioxidant enzyme

几种主要水化学因素对典型重金属水生生物毒性的影响分析

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中国环境科学 2024年第7期44卷 4071-4083页

作者：王昕噶玛扎西石文卿程英豪许子寒郭伟王颖北京航空航天大学材料科学与工程学院北京100191 北京航空航天大学空间与环境学院北京100191 生态环境部核与辐射安全中心北京100082 北京师范大学水科学研究院北京100875 中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室北京100012 北京市水文总站北京100089

为阐明不同水化学条件对水体中重金属生物毒性的影响,本研究探究了pH值、硬度、温度和有机碳(OC)四个主要水化学因素对4种典型重金属引起不同类别水生生物急、慢性毒性的影响.结果表明,单一水化学因素对不同金属的水生生物毒性影响存在... 详细信息

为阐明不同水化学条件对水体中重金属生物毒性的影响,本研究探究了pH值、硬度、温度和有机碳(OC)四个主要水化学因素对4种典型重金属引起不同类别水生生物急、慢性毒性的影响.结果表明,单一水化学因素对不同金属的水生生物毒性影响存在较大差异;硬度和OC的升高会使得鱼类的水生生物毒性降低;温度的升高则会增加鱼类、昆虫的水生生物毒性.对不同类别的生物,单一水化学因素的毒性影响不同.考虑综合水化学因素的影响时,水生生物急性毒性和慢性毒性受到的影响效果显著不同;综合因素中OC可能是影响毒性的重要因子.

关键词：重金属水生生物水化学因素毒性影响

北京市工业园区VOCs污染特征及健康风险评估案例:高新技术产业的环境影响

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环境科学 2024年第4期45卷 2019-2027页

作者：王洁姚震王敏燕陈速敏龙腾王海林李红郭秀锐郝江虹聂磊北京工业大学环境与生命学部北京100124 北京市生态环境保护科学研究院城市大气挥发性有机物污染防治技术与应用北京市重点实验室北京100037 中国环境科学研究院北京100012

随着国家产业结构的不断调整和工业企业入驻园区刚性要求的不断强化,以高新技术为支柱产业的高新技术产业园区不断增加,为分析涉VOCs高新技术产业对园区环境质量的影响,选取北京市典型高新技术产业园区作为研究案例,采用BCT-7800A PLUS... 详细信息

随着国家产业结构的不断调整和工业企业入驻园区刚性要求的不断强化,以高新技术为支柱产业的高新技术产业园区不断增加,为分析涉VOCs高新技术产业对园区环境质量的影响,选取北京市典型高新技术产业园区作为研究案例,采用BCT-7800A PLUS挥发性有机物在线监测系统对园区环境VOCs(共计115种)进行了监测,分析了园区环境VOCs污染水平和臭氧生成潜势,并计算毒性VOCs的危害指数(HI)和终生癌症风险(Risk).利用气相色谱-质谱/氢离子火焰检测器联用(GC-MS/FID)和高效液相色谱(HPLC)的方法检测了园区不同点位的环境VOCs,并对不同点位的环境VOCs污染特征进行了分析.结果表明:(1)连续监测期间高新技术产业园区φ(TVOCs)为(72.71±52.51)×10^(-9),VOCs主要贡献组分为烷烃和OVOCs,占比分别为38.3%和21.8%,主要受燃料燃烧源影响,园区OFP均值为404.13μg·m^(-3).(2)健康风险评价表明,连续监测期间园区毒性VOCs造成的非致癌风险(HI)均低于1,处于可接受水平;1,2-二氯乙烷平均致癌风险超过安全阈值,表示该物种存在致癌风险,三氯甲烷、1,2-二溴乙烷、1,2-二氯丙烷和苯的均值低于安全阈值,但最高值超过安全阈值,表明这4个物种在特定高排放时段同样存在致癌风险,需要引起重点关注.(3)离线采样检测结果显示,园区不同点位环境φ(TVOCs)的均值为(37.62±11.01)×10^(-9),4个点位VOCs体积分数大于其他研究中的市区环境监测点位(30.34×10^(-9)).OFP均值为246.38μg·m^(-3),5个点位OFP均高于市区监测点位,园区高新技术企业排放的VOCs对环境存在一定的影响.

关键词：高新技术产业园区溶剂使用挥发性有机物污染特征健康风险

不同自然语言处理方法在土壤环境污染调查报告文本信息抽取中的对比研究

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环境科学研究 2024年第3期37卷 607-615页

作者：孙维维潘贤章刘杰郭观林李衍王娟项钰王睿中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室江苏南京210008 中国科学院大学北京100049 生态环境部土壤与农业农村生态环境监管技术中心北京100012 讯飞智元信息科技有限公司安徽合肥230088

土壤环境污染调查报告中包含着丰富的土壤环境、污染源、迁移途径和受体等信息,但是这些非结构化类型的数据很难直接使用,需要先进行文本信息抽取,以供后续进一步分析处理.本研究针对土壤环境污染调查报告文本信息抽取的技术难点,分别... 详细信息

土壤环境污染调查报告中包含着丰富的土壤环境、污染源、迁移途径和受体等信息,但是这些非结构化类型的数据很难直接使用,需要先进行文本信息抽取,以供后续进一步分析处理.本研究针对土壤环境污染调查报告文本信息抽取的技术难点,分别采用传统规则匹配方法、BERT模型和GPT模型的自然语言处理(NLP)方法,进行文本信息抽取,并对其抽取效果进行评价.结果表明:GPT模型的抽取准确率、召回率和F1分数分别达到97.80%、84.43%和90.62%,相比于传统规则匹配方法分别提高了86.70%、299.12%和200.70%,相比于BERT模型分别提高了18.10%、154.21%和91.15%.进一步分析发现,虽然GPT模型在文本要素信息抽取中具有一定优势,但是规则匹配方法简单易用且部分要素抽取效率较高;同时,通过增加训练样本量及优化标注和模型参数等手段,BERT模型有较大的提升空间,因此,针对土壤环境污染调查报告中不同文本要素标签,可以采用合适的NLP方法,以兼顾文本信息抽取效率与精度.

关键词：文本要素抽取 BERT模型 GPT模型污染地块土壤环境污染调查报告

The penetrating depth analysis of Lunar Penetrating Radar onboard Chang＇e-3 rover

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research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2017年第5期17卷 79-90页

作者： shu-guo Xing yan Su Jian-qing Feng shun Dai Yuan Xiao Chun-Yu Ding Chun-Lai Li National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

Lunar Penetrating Radar（LPR） has successfully been used to acquire a large amount of scientific data during its in-situ detection. The analysis of penetrating depth can help to determine whether the target is within the effective detection range and contribute to distinguishing useful echoes from ***, this study introduces two traditional methods, both based on a radar transmission equation, to calculate the penetrating depth. The only difference between the two methods is that the first method adopts system calibration parameters given in the calibration report and the second one uses high-voltage-off radar data. However, some prior knowledge and assumptions are needed in the radar equation and the accuracy of assumptions will directly influence the final results. Therefore, a new method termed the Correlation Coefficient Method（CCM） is provided in this study, which is only based on radar data without any a priori assumptions. The CCM can obtain the penetrating depth according to the different correlation between reflected echoes and noise. To be exact, there is a strong correlation in the useful reflected echoes and a random correlation in the noise between adjacent data traces. In addition, this method can acquire a variable penetrating depth along the profile of the rover, but only one single depth value can be obtained from traditional methods. Through a simulation, the CCM has been verified as an effective method to obtain penetration depth. The comparisons and analysis of the calculation results of these three methods are also implemented in this study. Finally, results show that the ultimate penetrating depth of Channel 1 and the estimated penetrating depth of Channel 2 range from 136.9 m to 165.5 m（ε_r = 6.6） and from 13.0 m to 17.5 m（ε_r = 2.3）, respectively.

关键词： penetrating Lunar rover lunar assumptions calibration ultimate traces Correlation verified

Widespread glacier advances across the Tian Shan during Marine Isotope Stage 3 not supported by climate-glaciation simulations

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Fundamental research 2023年第1期3卷 102-110页

作者： qing yan Lewis A.Owen Chuncheng guo Zhongshi Zhang Jinzhe Zhang Huijun wang Nansen-Zhu International research Centre Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Department of Marine Earthand Atmospheric ScienceNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695United States NORCE Norwegian research Centre Bjerknes Centre for Climate ResearchBergenNorway Department of Atmospheric science School of Environmental StudiesChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China

Whether there were more extensive glaciations during the Marine Isotope Stage(MIS)3 relative to MIS 2 across the Tian Shan in Central Asia is intensely debated because of the uncertainty in chronological data and fully understanding the driving *** help resolve the ongoing debate,we assess the climate sensitivity of the glaciers and reconstruct the extent of glaciation during MIS 2 and 3 across the Tian Shan,using a glacier-resolving(250×250 m)ice sheet model asynchronously coupled with a global climate *** results demonstrate that the equilibrium-line altitude(ELA)over the Tian Shan decreases by∼180 m for every 1°C cooling under a modern precipitation regime,but precipitation reduction greatly lowers the sensitivity of the glaciers to temperature decrease(e.g.,the effect of 2°C cooling is broadly offset by a 50%decrease in precipitation).Under the modeled colder/drier-than-present climate,the model predicts an ELA depression(∆ELA)of∼75 m(162 m)over the Tian Shan during MIS 3 interstadials(stadials).The extent of MIS 3 glaciation is much smaller than that during MIS 2(i.e.,∆ELA=∼726 m).The more extensive glaciation during MIS 2 is largely attributed to the enhanced summer ***,through a site-to-site model-data comparison,we find that the closest match between the modeled glacier margin and the locations of the glacial deposits previously argued to be MIS 3 is generally achieved under MIS 2 climatic *** results suggest more extensive glacier advances over the Tian Shan during MIS 2 than MIS 3 on a regional scale,although MIS 3 glaciation may still occur in individual glacier *** pattern suggests general synchronicity with the timing of maximum Northern Hemisphere ice sheets during the last glacial,which should be further tested in a multimodel framework in the future.

关键词： Glacier modeling Glacier sensitivity MIS 3 MIS 2 Tian Shan Paleoclimate modeling

外源碳和氮输入对降水变化下土壤呼吸的短期影响

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环境科学 2018年第4期39卷 1934-1942页

作者：贺云龙齐玉春彭琴董云社郭树芳闫钟清李兆林王丽芹中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所中国科学院陆地表层格局与模拟重点实验室北京100101 中国科学院大学北京100049

利用野外原位小区控制试验,模拟研究了降水变化下草地生态系统土壤呼吸对外源碳和氮输入的响应.在2014年,以内蒙古锡林河流域温带典型草原为研究对象,测定了增加降水处理(CK)、增加降水配施氮肥处理[CN,2.5 g·(m^2·a)^(-1)]、增加降... 详细信息

利用野外原位小区控制试验,模拟研究了降水变化下草地生态系统土壤呼吸对外源碳和氮输入的响应.在2014年,以内蒙古锡林河流域温带典型草原为研究对象,测定了增加降水处理(CK)、增加降水配施氮肥处理[CN,2.5 g·(m^2·a)^(-1)]、增加降水配施碳源处理[CG,24 g·(m^2·a)^(-1)]和增加降水配施氮肥和碳源处理[CNG,2.5 g·(m^2·a)^(-1)+24 g·(m^2·a)^(-1)]下土壤呼吸的变化,并分析了土壤呼吸与土壤温度、土壤水分、土壤可溶性有机碳(DOC)、土壤微生物量碳(MBC)之间的关系.结果表明,在自然降水较多的第一次增加降水(FWE)阶段,CG处理和CNG处理168 h土壤CO_2累积通量显著增加,而CN处理168 h土壤CO_2累积通量无显著变化,并且CG处理和CNG处理土壤MBC含量显著高于CK处理和CN处理,同时,该阶段平均CO_2释放速率与土壤MBC含量正相关(P168 h土壤CO_2累积释放量显著降低,并且各处理MBC含量也显著降低(P168 h土壤CO_2累积通量显著降低(P<0.05).两个降水阶段土壤呼吸速率与土壤温度或土壤体积含水量均有显著的正相关性(P<0.05).因此,自然降水的分布对土壤水分的影响调控着外源氮和碳对半干旱草地生态系统土壤呼吸的作用效应.

关键词：氮沉降外源碳增加降水土壤碳排放微生物