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Caspase-1 activation and mature interleukin-1β release are uncoupled events in monocytes

World Journal of Biological Chemistry 2013年第2期4卷 30-34页

作者： Amy J Galliher-Beckley Li-Qiong Lan shelly aono Lei Wang Jishu Shi Department of Anatomy and Physiology College of Veterinary MedicineKansas State University College of Life Sciences Sichuan University Department of Anatomy Physiologyand PharmacologyCollege of Veterinary MedicineAuburn University

AIM:To investigate whether caspase-1 activation/intracellular processing of pro-interleukin-1β(pro-IL-1β) and extracellular release of mature IL-1β from activated monocytes are separable ***:All experiments were performed on fresh or overnight cultured human peripheral blood monocytes(PBMCs) that were isolated from healthy *** were activated by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) stimulation before being treated with Adenosine triphosphate(ATP,1 mmol/L),human α-defensin-5(HD-5,50 μg/mL),and/or nigericin(Nig,30 μmol/L).For each experiment,the culture supernatants were collected separately from the *** lysates and supernatants were both subject to immunoprecipitation with anti-IL1β antibodies followed by western blot analysis with anti-caspase-1 and anti-IL-1β ***:We found that pro-IL-1β was processed to mature IL-1β in LPS-activated fresh and overnight cultured human monocytes in response to ATP *** the presence of HD-5,this release of IL-1β,but not the processing of pro-IL-1β to IL-1β,was completely ***,in the presence of HD-5,the release of IL-1β,but not the processing of IL-1β,was significantly inhibited from LPS-activated monocytes stimulated with ***,we treated LPS-activated monocytes with ATP and Nig and collected the *** found that both ATP and Nig stimulation could activate and release cleaved caspase-1 from the ***,and contrary to IL-1β processing and release,caspase-1 cleavage and release was not blocked by *** images are representative of three independent ***:These data suggest that caspase-1 activation/processing of pro-IL-1β by caspase-1 and the release of mature IL-1β from human monocytes are distinct and separable events.

关键词： Caspase-1 Human defensin Monocytes Interleukin-1β processing and release Inflammasome

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Monitoring Changes in Hospital Utilization

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2024年第4期13卷 115-121页

作者： Ronald Lagoe shelly Littau Hospital Executive Council Syracuse NY USA

This study focused on recent issues concerning health care utilization at the community level. The study focused on developments in hospital inpatient lengths of stay and discharges. The analysis in the study demonstrated that hospital lengths of stay in the metropolitan area of Syracuse, New York increased by 25.0 percent between 2019 and 2023. This has been a notable increase in the movement of patients with this indicator. The analysis also demonstrated that numbers of inpatient discharges for these hospital services declined substantially during the same periods. Review of the data suggested that this information has been related. The increase in hospital lengths of stay has been related to a rise in numbers of patients at high severity of illness. They have also been associated with a decline in numbers of patients at low severity.

关键词： Hospitals Hospital Utilization Long Term Care Ambulatory Care

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Estimating the Future of Health Care at the Community Level

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2024年第7期13卷 241-248页

作者： Ronald Lagoe shelly Littau Hospital Executive Council Syracuse NY USA

Developments in health care in the United States are changing the delivery of services for providers and payors. This study focused on inpatient hospital discharges in the Syracuse hospitals and other services. It demonstrated that, during the past five years, numbers of inpatient adult medicine discharges had increased while adult surgery discharges had declined. This information suggested that adult medicine discharges could be expected to increase and approach levels of five years ago. It also suggested adult surgery discharges could be expected to remain at previous levels or decline. This information indicated that the combined emergency department visits declined from 238,000 to 202,000 between 2019 and 2020, then increased from 218,000 to 228,000 visits between 2021 and 2023. These developments will probably result in greater efficiency at the community level. With a decline in numbers of inpatient beds, providers will be able to focus on the more efficient management by reducing numbers of staff as well as fewer pharmaceuticals and testing.

关键词： Hospitals Long Term Care Health Care Costs

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Reducing Extended Hospital Lengths of Stay

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2024年第5期13卷 171-177页

作者： Ronald Lagoe shelly Littau Hospital Executive Council Syracuse NY USA

In the United States, the costs of health care have become a major burden for the health care system. In order to address this problem, the hospitals of Syracuse, New York, developed programs to provide subacute and complex care. The Subacute programs provided patient transportation services for dialysis and other types of care outside hospitals. They also developed programs for services such as intravenous therapy in nursing homes. The Complex Care Programs, such as intravenous therapy and mental health services, have provided alternatives to extended care in hospitals. During the past five years, utilization of these programs has varied, declining between 2019 and 2022, and then increasing between 2022 and 2024. The programs have avoided the need for 1530 - 2974 patient days in hospitals. The programs saved the Syracuse hospitals approximately $600 per inpatient day. This amounted to savings of $918,000 - $1,784,400 per year. These programs demonstrated how relatively small mechanisms can save large amounts of health care resources.

关键词： Hospitals Hospital Efficiency Hospital Lengths of Stay

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AI找到了新的CRISPR基因编辑系统

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世界科学 2024年第1期 27-28页

作者：苦山范雪莱

规律间隔成簇短回文重复序列（CRISPR）技术面临一个问题：资源多得让人为难。自从这种基因编辑系统声名鹊起以来，科学家一直在寻找具有更高精度和准确性的变体。一种搜索方法是在细菌和其他生物的DNA中筛选与CR ISPR-Cas9相关的基因...

规律间隔成簇短回文重复序列（CRISPR）技术面临一个问题：资源多得让人为难。自从这种基因编辑系统声名鹊起以来，科学家一直在寻找具有更高精度和准确性的变体。一种搜索方法是在细菌和其他生物的DNA中筛选与CR ISPR-Cas9相关的基因。另一种方法则是在实验室中人工改进CRISPR组件，使其具有更好的治疗功能——比如让它们在人体内拥有更高的稳定性、安全性和效率。

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Encoding reprogrammable properties into magneto-mechanical materials via topology optimization

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 1770-1780页

作者： Zhi Zhao Xiaojia shelly Zhang Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaILUSA Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaILUSA

The properties of materials and structures typically remain fixed after being designed and *** is a growing interest in systems with the capability of altering their behaviors without changing geometries or material constitutions,because such reprogrammable behaviors could unlock multiple functionalities within a single *** introduce an optimization-driven approach,based on multi-objective magneto-mechanical topology optimization,to design magneto-active metamaterials and structures whose properties can be seamlessly reprogrammed by switching on and off the external stimuli *** optimized material system exhibits one response under pure mechanical loading,and switches to a distinct response under joint mechanical and magnetic *** discover and experimentally demonstrate magneto-mechanical metamaterials and metastructures that realize a wide range of reprogrammable responses,including multi-functional actuation responses,adaptable snap-buckling behaviors,switchable deformation modes,and tunable *** proposed approach paves the way for promising applications such as magnetic actuators,soft robots,and energy harvesters.

关键词： deformation optimization topology

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Challenges and Opportunities Modeling the Dynamic Tumor Matrisome

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Biomedical Engineering Frontiers 2023年第1期4卷 239-246页

作者： shelly R.Peyton Manu O.Platt Edna Cukierman Department of Chemical Engineering University of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMAUSA Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlantaGAUSA Cancer Signaling&Microenvironment Program Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute.Fox Chase Cancer CenterTemple HealthPhiladelphiaPAUSA

We need novel strategies to target the complexity of cancer and,particularly,of metastatic *** an example of this complexity,certain tissues are particularly hospitable environments for metastases,whereas others do not contain fertile microenvironments to support cancer cell *** evidence that the extracellular matrix(ECM)of tissues is one of a host of factors necessary to support cancer cell growth at both primary and secondary tissue sites is *** on cancer metastasis has largely been focused on the molecular adaptations of tumor cells in various cytokine and growth factor environments on 2-dimensional tissue culture polystyrene *** imaging,conversely,has transformed our ability to watch,in real time,tumor cell invasion,intravasation,extravasation,and *** the interstitial ECM that supports all cells in the tumor microenvironment changes over time scales outside the possible window of typical intravital imaging,bioengineers are continuously developing both simple and sophisticated in vitro controlled environments to study tumor(and other)cell interactions with this *** this perspective,we focus on the cellular unit responsible for upholding the pathologic homeostasis of tumor-bearing organs,cancer-associated fibroblasts(CAFs),and their selfgenerated *** latter,together with tumoral and other cell secreted factors,constitute the“tumor matrisome”.We share the challenges and opportunities for modeling this dynamic CAF/ECM unit,the tools and techniques available,and how the tumor matrisome is remodeled(e.g.,via ECM proteases).We posit that increasing information on tumor matrisome dynamics may lead the field to alternative strategies for personalized medicine outside genomics.

关键词： invasion organs environments

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Evaluating Hospital Utilization Late in the Epidemic

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2022年第7期11卷 261-267页

作者： Ronald Lagoe shelly Littau Hospital Executive Council Syracuse NY USA

This study evaluated present and future impact of the coronavirus on hospitalization as the virus winds down in the metropolitan area of Syracuse, New York. The study compared adult medicine and adult surgery discharges between January-May 2019 and 2022. The data indicated that 69 percent of the reduction in medical-surgical discharges that occurred since 2019 was offset during 2022. The remaining 31 percent remained at levels experienced in 2020 and 2021. The study clearly demonstrated that medical and surgical discharges increased significantly since 2019. An important question is whether these will continue or if they will level off.

关键词： Hospitals Infectious Diseases Hospitalization

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Changes in Hospital Utilization at the Community Level

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2023年第8期12卷 285-291页

作者： Ronald Lagoe shelly Littau Hospital Executive Council Syracuse USA

This study evaluated developments in adult medicine and adult surgery inpatient discharges of the Syracuse, New York metropolitan area during a five-year period. The study demonstrated that adult medicine discharges declined by 19.1 percent and adult surgery discharges declined by 25.1 percent between January-April 2019 and 2023. The study also indicated that discharges for both services increased slightly, 2.8 - 6.2 percent, between January-April 2022 and 2023. The study data suggested that some of the reduction in adult medicine discharges resulted from less use of health care services related to the coronavirus epidemic. It also demonstrated that reduced use of adult surgery services was associated with greater utilization of ambulatory surgery and other outpatient services in the community. The results of the study suggested that hospitals in the United States may experience less utilization of inpatient services in the future.

关键词： Hospitals Hospital Discharges Hospital Utilization

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Growth trends and environmental drivers of major tree species of the northern hardwood forest of eastern North America

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第1期34卷 37-50页

作者： Rebecca L.Stern Paul G.Schaberg shelly A.Rayback Christopher F.Hansen Paula F.Murakami Gary J.Hawley Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources The University of VermontBurlingtonVT 05405USA ERM MalvernPA 19355USA Forest Service United States Department of AgricultureNorthern Research StationBurlingtonVT 05405USA Department of Geography The University of VermontBurlingtonVT 05405USA

The future health and productivity of tree species in the northern hardwood forest of eastern North America are uncertain considering changes in climate and pollution loading *** better understand the trajectory of the northern hardwood forest,we studied the growth of three tree species emblematic of it:sugar maple(Acer saccharum Marsh),American beech(Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.),and yellow birch(Betula alleghaniensis Britton),plus a fourth species,red maple(Acer rubrum L.),whose abundance has increased in the *** also analyzed the link between growth and several factors for690 trees in 45 plots throughout Vermont,USA:tree age and size,site elevation,and climate and acid deposition *** their chronologies(1945-2014),all four species exhibited increasing growth followed by plateaued growth indicative of a maturing *** all species,summer moisture was positively correlated with growth,summer temperature was negatively associated with growth,and winter moisture or snow were positively correlated with *** last association was expected for sugar ***,our data suggest that winter snowpack may be more broadly relevant in sustaining tree growth in a region where snow has historically insulated the soil from freezing that can damage roots and lead to reduced aboveground *** of pollution deposition were also correlated with growth for all species except American beech—a species with documented tolerance to pollutant *** the four species studied,red maple had the fewest associations with environmental variables,which suggests that it may be less susceptible to growth reductions as the climate changes.

关键词： Climate change Sugar maple Yellow birch American beech Red maple

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