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Urban Heat Island and Land Use/Cover Dynamics Evaluation in Enugu Urban, Nigeria

Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2022年第12期10卷 354-372页

作者： Chinyere Salome Ofordu Chukwuka Friday Agbor Oseyomon John Aigbokhan Monsurah Abiola audu Ekundayo David Adedoyin Obianuju Maureen Ogoliegbune Environmental Modeling and Biometrics Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria Jericho Ibadan Nigeria

This study specifically estimated the effect of land use/cover change (LULC) processes on land surface temperature (LST) in Enugu urban and its suburbs. With Landsat images and supervised classification technique, four LULC classes comprising built-up areas, vegetation, rock outcrop, bare ground/farmland areas were delineated. The LST was extracted from the thermal bands of the images. The rate of change in land cover classes between 2009 and 2018 showed that from 2009 to 2013, built-up areas increased from 31.65% to about 47.5%, while vegetation cover decreased from 18.43% to 11.23%. Also, the periods witnessed about 8.69 km2 of vegetation being converted to other land surfaces. The trend in the LST in Enugu urban showed the highest mean temperatures of 34.5°C in 2018 and 32.26°C in 2015. However, in 2013 there was a slight decrease in mean LST to 31.65°C which further decreased to 31.26°C in 2009. This change in temperature suggests that urbanisation could have significant effect on the micro-climate of Enugu city. Result also revealed weak relationships between LULC classes and the LST throughout the years. The results of the surface heat intensity for the urban and rural areas showed general increase over the years and this suggests that rural areas are also experiencing high temperature which could be due to the loss of vegetation, increase in artificial surfaces and urban encroachment. Findings from this study could be useful for effective urban land-use planning, policy development and management in Nigeria, and elsewhere.

关键词： Land Use/Cover Change Land Surface Temperature Urbanisation Micro-Climate Surface Heat Intensity

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Use of oral ketamine for analgesia during reduction/manipulation of fracture/dislocation in the Emergency Room: An initial experience in a low-resource setting

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Pain Studies and Treatment 2014年第1期2卷 17-20页

作者： E. Ogboli-Nwasor K. E. Amaefule S. S. audu Department of Anaesthesia Orthopaedic Surgery Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria Nigeria

Background: The use of ketamine for relief of procedure-related pain is limited in our environment. Ketamine, a phencyclidine derivative commonly used for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia, is administered routinely via the intravenous and intramuscular routes. One of the concerns while using ketamine for analgesia via these two routes is that the drug may produce anaesthesia, rather than analgesia alone. Aims and Objectives: We sought to find out if ketamine given via the oral route could be used to provide analgesia during minor orthopaedic procedures in the emergency room. We also wanted to find out if there were side-effects peculiar to the oral route. Methods: A prospective observational pilot study in consecutive patientswith fractures/dislocation in our Emergency Room was recruited into the study. All patients gave informed consent. Reduction of fractures was done 15 minutes following the administration of ketamine 5 mg/kg orally. The patients were observed during and after the procedure and the findings entered into a proforma. The data obtained were analyzed using simple statistical methods and the results presented in a table. The findings are discussed. Results: There were 9 males and 2 females with an age range of 4 yrs to 48 yrs. Pain levels were assessed using verbal rating scales. Seven patients (64%) had severe pain before administration of ketamine while 2 patients (18%) each had mild and moderate pain respectively. Four patients had Colle’s fracture only and 1 patient had a Colle’s fracture with a supracondylar femoral fracture. Two patients had tibial fractures, one patient had a complete knee dislocation, while 2 others had ulnar/radial fractures. One other patient had humeral and tibial fractures. For up to 15 minutes after the procedures all but one patient were pain-free. Five (5) patients (45.5%) were noticed to have drowsiness, 3 patients (27%) were sedated while 2 patients (18%) had no side-effects at all. Five (5) patients (45.5%) r

关键词： Oral Ketamine Analgesia Fracture/Dislocation Emergency Room

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Impact of Ionic Liquid 1-Ethyl-3-Methylimidazolium Acetate Mediated Extraction on Lignin Features

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Green and Sustainable Chemistry 2017年第2期7卷 114-140页

作者： Idi Guga audu Isabelle Ziegler-Devin Heiko Winter Martina Bremer Anton Hoffmann Steffen Fischer Marie-Pierre Laborie Nicolas Brosse Chair of Forest Biomaterials University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany LERMaB Faculty of Science and Technology University of Lorraine Nancy France Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) Freiburg Germany Institute of Plant and Wood Chemistry Technische Universit&auml t Dresden Dresden Germany

This study aims at investigating the impact of ionic liquid extraction on lignin structure by studying the mechanism of lignin depolymerization in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate EMIM[OAc]) and comparing it with that of organosolv and milled wood methods. Ionic liquid mediated lignin (ILL) using EMIM[OAc]), ethanol organosolv lignin (EOL) and milled wood lignin (MWL) were isolated from Typha capensis (TC) and subjected to several analytical characterizations. Experimental data shows that ILL exhibited a relatively lower degree of condensation, lower aromatic C-C structures and a higher aliphatic OH with values of 0.42/Ar, 1.94/Ar and 1.33/Ar moieties compared with EOL values of 0.92/Ar, 2.22/Ar and 0.51/Ar moieties respectively. The ILL was depolymerized under mild conditions giving relatively higher β-aryl ether linkages content, higher molecular mass, and exhibited closer structures and reactivity to native lignin than EOL. These insights on TC lignin depolymerization in EMIM[OAc]) acetate may contribute to better value-addition of lignocellulosic biomass.

关键词： 1-Ethyl-3-Methylimidazolium Acetate Ionic Liquid Lignin Ethanol Organosolv Lignin Lignin Depolymerization Milled Wood Lignin

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Evaluation of Tuberculosis Treatment Outcome of TB/HIV Co-Infection: A Four-Year Retrospective Cohort Study in HIV-Prevalent Setting of North Central Nigeria

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2016年第3期4卷 122-133页

作者： Abiodun Hassan Richard Olukolade Queen Ogbuji audu Onyemocho Lucia Okwuonye Shember-agela Igbabul Josephine Okechukwu Oluremilekun Kusimo Adewale Osho Kehinde Osinowo Oladapo Ladipo Association for Reproductive and Family Health Abuja Nigeria Department of Community Health Benue state University Makurdi Nigeria Benue state Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Programme Ministry of Health Makurdi Nigeria FCT Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Programme FCT Health Management Board FCT Abuja Nigeria

Background: Despite the availability of highly effective treatment for decades, Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major health problem in Nigeria due to the increasing association between HIV and TB observed over the past three decades when HIV was discovered. However, the proportion of TB and or TB/HIV co-infected patients who have successful TB treatment outcome is not well known. This study determined the treatment outcome of TB/HIV co-infected patients with HIV negative patients in two states in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of secondary data from eight Directly Observed Treatment Short (DOTS) course and Anti- Retroviral Therapy (ART) service providers in Benue and Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Nigeria, was carried out. The period under review covers January, 2010 to December, 2013. Results: Out of the total 5266 TB cases reviewed, the HIV prevalence rate was 52%. They were predominantly (53.3%) male with mean age of 34.4 years (SD = 15.1 years). More than two-third (72.5%) of HIV-negative patients had successful treatment compared to 1718 (62.7%) HIV-positive patients. Of the 2334 HIV co-infected patients, 19.5% defaulted, 11.5% had died, 5.6% were transferred out and 0.7% failed treatment compared to HIV-negative patients amongst whom 18.3% defaulted, 3.6% died, 3.9% were transferred out and 1.6% failed treatment (p Conclusion: The favourable treatment outcome of HIV-negative patients is more than that of HIV-positive patients and the most probable predictable factor responsible is the CD4 count of patient;indicating that TB/HIV co-infection has remained a major public health problem in Benue state and FCT. Hence there is the need for sustained strengthening and expansion of the national TB/HIV programmes.

关键词： Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes TB/HIV Co-Infection DOTS

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洗涤剂料浆雾滴的喷雾干燥特性

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日用化学品科学 1980年第1期 16-18页

作者： T.O.K.audu 王多闻

引言大多数喷雾干燥操作中,进入干燥器的物料是一种饱和溶液和固体物构成的料浆,进行干燥作业时,一待料浆暴露于热空气,就生成一层皮壳。其后,蒸发的液体由于扩散作用而通过雾滴皮壳的小孔,经过对流而进入气流中。首先空气流和溶

关键词：雾滴皮壳料浆悬浮器喷雾干燥洗涤剂净洗剂

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A Case Control Study of Subjective Quality of Life in Outpatients with Depression

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2017年第4期7卷 248-260页

作者： Francis John Davou Moses David audu Akinwande O. Akinhanmi Musa Usman Umar Tungchama Friday Philip Maigari Yusufu Taru Aishatu Armiya’u Yushau Department of Psychiatry University of Jos Jos Nigeria Federal Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital Aro Abeokuta Nigeria Bayero University Kano/Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Kano Nigeria Jos University Teaching Hospital Jos Nigeria

Background: Depression is one of the leading causes of disability including impairment in the subjective Quality of Life (QOL) of the patient. Unfortunately, only a fraction receives the correct diagnosis and treatment in general practice. This study aims to determine the subjective Quality of Life of depressed patients. Method: A representative sample of adults, 18 years and above (100 each for cases and controls), were assessed for QOL using the World Health Organization Quality of Life instrument (WHOQOL-BREF). Respondents were also evaluated for socio-demographic factors. Major depressive disorder was assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Severity of depression was measured using Hamilton’s Rating Scale for Depression and global functioning was assessed with the Global Assessment of Functioning scale. Results: Majority of the participants were females (62.0%) and young with a mean age of 39.11 ± 12.40 years. Overall subjective QOL (P P P P P P Conclusion: The finding of the study showed that depression is a serious illness that affects the patient’s perception of the quality of his/her life. It is therefore very necessary to innovate better treatment modalities to reduce its burden.

关键词： Depression Quality of Life Outpatients Controls

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Performance Evaluation of Real Time Polymerase Reaction Assay (SCODA) for Detection of SARS-CoV-2

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2023年第1期13卷 21-30页

作者： Joseph Ojonugwa Shaibu Chika Kingsley Onwuamah Azuka Patrick Okwuraiwe Rahaman A. Ahmed Akeeb O. Bola Oyefolu Babatunde Lawal Salako Rosemary Ajuma audu Centre for Human Virology and Genomics Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Department of Microbiology Lagos State University Ojo Nigeria Nigerian Institute of Medical Research (NIMR) Lagos Nigeria

In order to robustly detect and quantify gene expression from small amounts of RNA, amplification of the gene transcript is necessary. Real Time PCR is useful for detection and quantification of genetic constitution of pathogens. This technique amplifies a tiny DNA target million or billion times in such a way that it can be easily studied by scientists. Availability of highly sensitive and specific assay for the detection of SARS-Cov-2 and easy accessibility of such was necessary for early diagnosis and effective management of COVID-19 infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance characteristic of SCODA. Validation of SCODA was performed using synthesized standards and clinical samples previously tested using a commercially approved COVID-19 RT-qPCR detection kit (LifeRiver). The assay showed a linearity of 98.2% on the ORF1ab target and 99.8% on the N-gene target. The sensitivity and specificity were both 100%. Analysis for the LoD95 produced 74.04 (CI: 25 - 1000) cp/μl on ORF1ab gene and 1.119 (CI: 1 - 1) cp/μl on N-gene target with a precision of CV ≤ 3%. SCODA showed high comparable performance in comparison with LifeRiver and other commercial COVID-19 RT-qPCR test kits.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR Sensitivity Specificity SCODA Performance

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Macrophage-specific inhibition of the histone demethylase JMJD3 decreases STING and pathologic inflammation in diabetic wound repair

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2022年第11期19卷 1251-1262页

作者： Christopher O.audu William J.Melvin Amrita D.Joshi Sonya J.Wolf Jadie Y.Moon Frank M.Davis Emily C.Barrett Kevin D.Mangum Hongping Deng Xianying Xing Rachel Wasikowski Lam C.Tsoi Sriganesh B.Sharma Tyler M.Bauer James Shadiow Matthew A.Corriere Andrea TObi Steven LKunkel Benjamin Levi Bethany BMoore Johann EGudjonsson Andrew MSmith Katherine A.Gallagher Department of Surgery Section of Vascular SurgeryUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Department of Medicinal Chemistry University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Department of Surgery Section of General SurgeryUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Department of Bioengineering University of IllinoisUrbana-ChampaignChampaignILUSA Department of Dermatology University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Department of Pathology University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Department of Surgery University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA

Macrophage plasticity is critical for normal tissue repair following *** pathologic states such as diabetes,macrophage plasticity is impaired,and macrophages remain in a persistent proinflammatory state;however,the reasons for this are ***,using single-cell RNA sequencing of human diabetic wounds,we identified increased JMJD3 in diabetic wound macrophages,resulting in increased inflammatory gene ***,we report that in wound healing,JMJD3 directs early macrophage-mediated inflammation via JAK1,3/STAT3 ***,in the diabetic state,we found that IL-6,a cytokine increased in diabetic wound tissue at later time points post-injury,regulates JMJD3 expression in diabetic wound macrophages via the JAK1,3/STAT3 pathway and that this late increase in JMJD3 induces NFκB-mediated inflammatory gene transcription in wound macrophages via an H3K27me3 ***,RNA sequencing of wound macrophages isolated from mice with JMJD3-deficient myeloid cells(Jmjd3f/fLyz2Cre+)identified that the STING gene(Tmem173)is regulated by JMJD3 in wound *** limits inflammatory cytokine production by wound macrophages during ***,in diabetic mice,its role changes to limit wound repair and enhance *** finding is important since STING is associated with chronic inflammation,and we found STING to be elevated in human and murine diabetic wound macrophages at late time ***,we demonstrate that macrophage-specific,nanoparticle inhibition of JMJD3 in diabetic wounds significantly improves diabetic wound repair by decreasing inflammatory cytokines and *** together,this work highlights the central role of JMJD3 in tissue repair and identifies cell-specific targeting as a viable therapeutic strategy for nonhealing diabetic wounds.

关键词： wound healing epigenetics diabetes JMJD3 STING

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Determinants of Male Coital Difficulties among Attendees of the Gynae Clinic at a Tertiary Health Center in North-Central Nigeria

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2017年第7期7卷 719-724页

作者： A. O. Ojabo O. audu A. G. Adesiyun S. K. Hembah-Hilekaan T. Z. Swende Sulayman-Umar Hajaratu M. T. Maanongun P. O. Eka Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology College of Health Sciences Benue State University Makurdi Nigeria Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology College of Health Sciences Benue State University Makurdi Nigeria Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria

Background: Male sexual or coital difficulties are among the factors contributing to infertility in couples seeking fertility as this may result in low coital frequency. Aims/Objectives: To evaluate the causes of male sexual or coital difficulties among couples attending the infertility clinic at BSUTH, Makurdi over a 2 year period. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study involving all males attending the infertility clinic at Benue State University Teaching Hospital (BSUTH) who consent to participate in the study. A pretested structured questionnaire was administered and analyzed with statistical package for social sciences (version 23.0) and the results were presented in simple proportions. Results: There were several factors responsible for male coital difficulties. The most common was male erectile dysfunction 33 (32.4%), vaginismus 11 (10.8%), penile pain 14 (13.7%), poor response from the female partner 8 (7.8%) and severe dyspareunia 18 (17.1%). Conclusion: Coital difficulties resulting to low frequency of sexual exposure constitutes a major cause of infertility among males attending the infertility clinic at BSUTH, Makurdi. Therefore efforts should be made to evaluate these factors while assessing infertility couples in order to mitigate the effect.

关键词： Coital Difficulties Erectile Dysfunction Aphrodisiacs Dyspareunia Vaginismus

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The Effectiveness of Infection Control Practices among Health Care Workers Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Nigeria

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2021年第2期11卷 232-239页

作者： Fehintola A. Ige Aigbe G. Ohihoin Bosede O. Amuda Olufemi S. Amoo Chika K. Onwuamah Azuka P. Okwuraiwe Joseph O. Shaibu Ebenezer O. Odewale Ayorinde B. James Adeleke Kayode Adefunke Adeshina Rosemary A. audu Centre for Human Virology and Genomics Department of Microbiology Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Clinical Science Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Centre for Tuberculosis Research Department of Microbiology Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Biochemistry Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Department of Community Health & Primary Health Care Lagos State University Teaching Hospital Lagos Nigeria Lagos State Ministry of Health Ikeja Lagos Nigeria

Background: The world is currently experiencing a healthcare crisis caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at the forefront of controlling the spread of the disease;this response has resulted in a huge number of infections amongst HCWs and unfortunately some casualties. Infection prevention and control practices (IPC) are practical, proven methods that prevent avoidable harm to patients and protect health workers from contagious infection. This study was done to evaluate the effectiveness of IPC practices utilized in COVID-19 testing drive through facility in Lagos Nigeria. Method: The facility recruited 42 HCWs who were trained on IPC and use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPEs). Training on donning and doffing of PPEs, preparation of decontaminants and sample handling were done for relevant personnel. A daily log for monitoring COVID-19 symptoms was deployed to all HCWs;to help early detection of COVID-19 infection and prevent transmission amongst staff. Results: Of 42 personnel, 92.8% had a tertiary level of education while 71.4% had at least 5 years work experience. A total of 5 (11.9%) out of 42 HCWs were positive by week six of the study. All infected persons worked at the drive through centre. Most common symptom filled in the daily log tool was headache and fatigue. Conclusion: Despite all the measures introduced, 11.9% of HCWs became positive within 6 weeks, showing the highly infectious nature of the virus and the need to research into more effective measures in preventing the transmission of highly infectious pathogens to HCWs during outbreaks.

关键词： Healthcare Workers Infection Prevention and Control COVID-19 Pandemic

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