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The earliest evidence for a microblade adaptation in the remote,high altitude regions of the Tibetan Plateau

Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第5期67卷 1561-1573页

作者： Yingshuai JIN Xiaoling ZHANG shejiang wang Junyi GE Wei HE Wa DA Yunyao TAN Ziyi YANG Christopher MORGAN Xing GAO Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Cultural Relics Conservation Institute of the Xizang Autonomous Region Lhasa 850000China Nagqu Culture and Tourism Bureau Nagqu 852000China University of Nevada Reno 89557USA

Microblade assemblages are among the most common prehistoric archaeological materials found on the Tibetan Plateau(TP)and are thought to indicate large scale migration to and settlement of the *** microblade sites,however,have been systematically excavated,especially in the remotest,highest-elevation regions of the *** timing of the large-scale arrival,spread,and permanent settlement of people on the TP therefore remains *** this paper,we report on a recently excavated site,Locality 3 of the Nwya Devu Site(ND3),located at 4600 meters above sea level(masl),near the shore of Ngoin Lake,on the interior *** analyses reveal a fairly typical microblade technological orientation and two types of microblade cores:wedge-shaped and semi-conical,which are similar to those found throughout North *** Optically Stimulated Luminescence(OSL)dating and AMS^(14)C dating,the age of ND3 ranges from 11 to 10 *** date range indicates ND3 is the oldest microblade site yet recorded in the remote,high-elevation regions of the TP and thus provides important information about when and how hunter-gatherers using microblades began exploiting the higher altitudes of the *** together,studies at ND3 and throughout the TP suggest that a microblade adaptation is associated with the first prolonged human occupation of the plateau and that microblades played a significant role in mediating the risks and facilitating the mobility necessary to permanently inhabit the TP.

关键词： The interior of Tibetan Plateau Nwya Devu locality 3 Microblade Early Holocene High altitude adaption

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New dating indicates intermittent human occupation of the Nwya Devu Paleolithic site on the high-altitude central Tibetan Plateau during the past 45,000 years

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第2期67卷 531-551页

作者： Junyi GE Xiaoling ZHANG shejiang wang Linhui LI Wei HE Yingshuai JIN Peiqi ZhANG Bing XU Chenglong DENG John WOLSEN Zhengtang GUO Xing GAO Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Tibetan Cultural Relics Conservation Institute Lhasa 850000China Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences.Beijing 100029China State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100029China School of Anthropology University of ArizonaTucson85721USA

The timing and mechanisms of the human occupation of the demanding high-altitude Tibetan Plateau environment are of great ***,we report on our reinvestigations and dating of the Nwya Devu site,located nearly 4600 meters above sea level on the central Tibetan Plateau.A new microblade techno-complex was identified on a lower lake shore at this site,distinct from the previously reported blade tool *** two lithic assemblages were dated to 45.6±2.6 and10.3±0.5 ka using optically stimulated luminescence and accelerator mass spectrometry^(14)C *** represent,respectively,the earliest known Paleolithic and microlithic sites on the interior Tibetan Plateau,indicating multiple occupation episodes of hunter-gatherers during the past 45 *** studies reveal that relatively stable depositional conditions and a paleoenvironment characterized by a comparatively warm climate facilitated these multiple occupations at Nwya *** contemporaneous occurrence of the Upper Paleolithic blade technology on the Tibetan Plateau and most of Eurasia between 50 and 40 ka indicates rapid,large-scale dispersals of humans that profoundly affected human demography on a large *** new archaeological evidence and previously reported genetic data,we conclude that the Tibetan Plateau provided a relatively stable habitat for Upper Paleolithic hunter-gatherers,which may have contributed to the complex and multiple-origin gene pool of present-day Tibetans.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau Paleolithic Nwya Devu High-altitude adaptation Microblade industry Early Upper Paleolithic OSLdating AMS^(14)C dating

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陕西旧石器时代考古的百年探索与成就

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考古与文物 2024年第1期 62-82页

作者：张改课王社江王小庆陕西省考古研究院西北大学文化遗产学院中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所中国社会科学院考古研究所

本文系统梳理了百年以来陕西旧石器时代考古的发展历程,将其划分为初创期、开拓期、发展期和深化期四个阶段。经过几代学者的不懈努力,陕西地区已发现10处古人类化石地点和600余处旧石器遗址及地点,基本构建起自直立人以来比较完整的古... 详细信息

本文系统梳理了百年以来陕西旧石器时代考古的发展历程,将其划分为初创期、开拓期、发展期和深化期四个阶段。经过几代学者的不懈努力,陕西地区已发现10处古人类化石地点和600余处旧石器遗址及地点,基本构建起自直立人以来比较完整的古人类演化链条和旧石器文化发展脉络,在古人类生存环境与适应策略方面也进行了比较深入的探索。这些工作极大地拓展了中国古人类生存演化的时空框架,更加有力地实证了中国百万年以上的人类演化史和旧石器文化发展史。

关键词：陕西旧石器时代考古百年历程主要成就历史经验

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中国手斧技术演化:新进展和未来展望

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Science Bulletin 2024年第14期69卷 2161-2165页

作者：李浩王社江 Matt G.Lotter Robin Dennell Kathleen Kuman 陈发虎 State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Resources and Environment(TPESER)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China Palaeo-Research Institute University of JohannesburgAuckland Park 2006South Africa Department of Archaeology University of ExeterExeter EX44QEUK School of Geography Archaeology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburg WITS 2050South Africa

Handaxes are often regarded as the"tool-type-specimenoof the Acheulean techno-complex,not only because they are a very common artefact but because they contain rich technological,behavioral,and cognitive data that have been used to highlight trends in human evolution and lithic production *** this end,the handaxe is the earliest tool possessing consistent morphological features,in particular,the appearance of a symmetrical concept in handaxe shape when compared with other Acheulean large shaping tools(e.g.,cleavers),and their manufacture is widely regarded as a significant milestone in the evolution of lithic technology,indicating improvements in tool-making hominins’abilities for complex thought and cognition.

关键词：技术演化未来展望 earliest

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晋陕峡谷苏家岭和清水川口旧石器地点黄土地层释光年代与古环境

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第四纪研究 2024年第2期44卷 453-465页

作者：文再忠鹿化煜王社江弋双文张改课石道明张红艳南京大学地理与海洋科学学院江苏南京210023 陕西省考古研究院陕西西安710054 中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室北京100044

在黄河中游晋陕峡谷地区发现了多处旧石器遗存,但是,这些重要的遗址点大多缺乏年代约束。新发现的苏家岭和清水川口旧石器地点位于陕西一侧黄河二、三级阶地上,黄土堆积中出土的石器类型以“石核-石片技术”组合为主要特征。本研究采集... 详细信息

在黄河中游晋陕峡谷地区发现了多处旧石器遗存,但是,这些重要的遗址点大多缺乏年代约束。新发现的苏家岭和清水川口旧石器地点位于陕西一侧黄河二、三级阶地上,黄土堆积中出土的石器类型以“石核-石片技术”组合为主要特征。本研究采集了苏家岭(黄土堆积厚度17.1 m)和清水川口(黄土堆积厚度4.7 m)共14个光释光样品,采用石英单片再生剂量法(SAR-OSL)和钾长石红外后释光法(pIR200IR290)测定了两个遗址点黄土序列的年代,同时测试了沉积物样品的粒度和磁化率。结果表明,两处沉积物主体均为典型的风成黄土。石英SAR-OSL年龄与钾长石pIR200IR290年龄在25~50 ka有很好的对应关系,钾长石年龄与S1古土壤的预期年龄(MIS 5)相一致。苏家岭出土的石器所在地层年代范围为25~76 ka,洪积层的石核年代在76~95 ka间;清水川口出土的石器年代范围为31~42 ka。地层特征、磁化率和粒度证据表明,在晚更新世间冰阶和末次间冰期末期,晋陕峡谷地区相对暖湿的气候条件利于远古人类生存;同时,黄土高原南部苏家岭与北部清水川口的古环境存在区域的差异。苏家岭和清水川口地点出土的“石核-石片技术”组合表明,晚更新世古人类在中国北方广阔的区域活动,中国中部是晚更新世人类栖居的良好场所。

关键词：旧石器地点光释光测年黄土地层晚更新世古人类黄土高原

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GS土体硬化剂对车站基坑加固土抗渗性能的影响

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混凝土与水泥制品 2024年第5期 109-111页

作者：王社江袁志刚薛永健李德猛王飞苏州轨道交通建设有限公司江苏苏州215004 悉地(苏州)勘察设计顾问有限公司江苏苏州215123

基于苏州某地铁车站基坑工程,研究了GS土体硬化剂对不同养护龄期下的粉质黏土和粉砂夹粉土抗渗性能的影响,并进行了现场试验验证。结果表明:掺入GS土体硬化剂能有效提高粉质黏土和粉砂夹粉土的抗渗性能,且随着GS土体硬化剂掺量和养护龄... 详细信息

基于苏州某地铁车站基坑工程,研究了GS土体硬化剂对不同养护龄期下的粉质黏土和粉砂夹粉土抗渗性能的影响,并进行了现场试验验证。结果表明:掺入GS土体硬化剂能有效提高粉质黏土和粉砂夹粉土的抗渗性能,且随着GS土体硬化剂掺量和养护龄期的增加,提高效果更好;GS土体硬化剂在现场试桩试验中的应用效果较好,可为其在相关工程中的进一步推广应用提供参考。

关键词：地铁车站基坑 GS土体硬化剂抗渗性能现场试验

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Taphonomic and paleoenvironmental issues of the Pleistocene loessic Paleolithic sites in the Qinling Mountains, central China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2016年第8期59卷 1519-1528页

作者： wang shejiang LU HuaYu Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins Institute of Vertebrate Palaeontology and PalaeoanthropologyChinese Academy of Sciences School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences Nanjing University

Hinterland intermountain basins and northern and southern piedmonts of the Qinling Mountains accumulated a large amount of loess during the Pleistocene. The loess strata not only record local paleogeographic and paleoenvironmental changes, but also contain rich hominin fossils and Paleolithic remains. In the northern piedmont of the Qinling Mountains and the lower valley of the South Luohe River, the loess strata have multi loess-paleosol sequences with aeolian loess continuously accumulating during glacial and interglacial cycles. In contrast to the northern piedmont, loess stratigraphy in the hinterland intermountain basins of the Qinling Mountains is relatively thin and contains finer loess particles. In this "mini" type of loess stratum, the density of Paleolithic remain generally is higher than the Loess Plateau in the north of the Qinling Mountains. Based on stratigraphic, chronological, and lithic artifacts analysis in recent years, it appears that the regional lithic assemblage belongs to the Oldowan(Mode I) lithic industry, and it is dominated by choppers, cores, flakes, and simple retouched flake tools from 1.15 to 0.6 Ma. Paleolithic open-air sites such as Gongwangling and Chenjiawo in the Lantian area, Shangbaichuan and Liuwan in the Luonan Basin, Qiaojiayao in the Lushi Basin, Longgangsi and Yaochangwan in the Hanzhong Basin, Guanmiao in the Ankang Basin, and the Yunxian Man Site in the Yunxian Basin are representative sites in the region; from 400 to 250 ka, the Longyadong cave site in the Luonan Basin inherited the characteristics of the local Mode I lithic industry, the stone assemblage is made up of cores, flakes, and small retouched flake tools, such as scrapers, points, and burins; during the period from 250 to 50 ka, bi-facially retouched Acheulean tools(Model II), such as hand-axes, picks, and cleavers, were commonly found in the Qinling Mountains region. The emergence of a large number of Model II artifacts indicates that local lithic industrie

关键词： Qinling Mountains Pleistocene Loess stratigraphy Paleoenvironment Lithic industry

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Drainage evolution in intermontane basins at the Qinling-Daba Mountains

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Science China Earth Sciences 2021年第11期64卷 1949-1968页

作者： Wanting XIE Xianyan wang Hanzhi ZHANG Quanyu LIU shejiang wang Huayu LU School of Geography and Ocean Sciences Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Colleage of Tourism and Environment Resources Ankang UniversityAnkang 725000China Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China

River capture is of great significance to landform evolution and hominine *** the Qinling-Daba Mountains,there is a viewpoint that Jialing River captured Hanjiang River,but this is still *** this paper,we discuss the drainage evolution processes in intermountain basins at the Qinling-Daba Mountains based on a combination of detrital zircon UPb geochronology and geomorphic *** suggest that the Hanjiang River gradually captured the Jialing River from east to west,accompanied by the evolution of the ancient Yangtze *** terms of geomorphic evidences,wide valleys did not match with discharge,and a series of wind gaps developed in the Shiquan-Ankang *** addition,the valley shapes and width-toheight ratios(Vf)indicate two possible rapid *** hypsometric integrals(HI)reflect that the landform gradually changes from the old stage to the youth stage from west to ***χvalues show that the drainage divide is moving to the side of the Yuehe River,and the Yuehe River is gradually *** to the sedimentary records,the zircon U-Pb age distributions indicate the provenance *** high-altitude terraces show three age peaks(200–250,400–505,and 700–900 Ma),with the dominant Indosinian age peak(200–250 Ma),while the modern fluvial sediments only show a single peak of Jinning(700–900 Ma).These data show that there are two major river captures:(1)The ancient Hanjiang River cut through the regional compression ridge,and then captured the Hanzhong Basin river system(a part of the ancient Jialing river system)from east to west,and(2)The southern tributary captured the trunk with the uplift of the divide in the Shiquan-Ankang Basin,forming the modern drainage pattern in the upper Hanjiang *** activities of the regional strike-slip fault,and the associated compression uplift played a key role in the river captures,the drainage evolution,and related landforms in the Shiquan-Ankang *** addition,it is shown that the

关键词： Geomorphic index Zircon U-Pb geochronology Drainage network pattern River capture Ankang fault Intermountain basin South Qinling

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Cosmogenic 26Al/10Be Burial Dating of the Birth of the Present Hanjiang River

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2020年第1期94卷 214-215页

作者： XU Xinghua LU Chengqiu LU Yiming TU Hua wang shejiang SUN Xuefeng School of Geography and Ocean Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Hubei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology Wuhan 430077China BGEG School of Earth SciencesChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China

Objective Structural lows and major rift systems provide the basis for the creation of large *** uplift of the Qinling and Daba Mountains structural belts and Tibetan Plateau would have provided the basis for the origin and northwest–southeast flow of the ancient Hanjiang River(Lu et al.,2018).After a long-term evolution,the present pattern of Hanjiang River has been *** to six river terraces in the Hanzhong and Yunxian basins along the flanks of Hanjiang River valleys had been identified and some terraces had been dated by using optically stimulated luminescence(OSL),paleomagnetic,and electron spin resonance(ESR)dating methods,and correlating the pedostratigraphy and magnetic susceptibility with the Luochuan loess section by our team(Sun et al.,2016,2017).These terraces are composed of fluvial deposits overlaid with eolian deposits,and record the evolution history of the Hanjiang River.(Fig.1).This study is aimed to deduce the birth time of the present Hanjiang River by using 26Al/10Be burial dating method to date the highest fluvial terraces of the Hanjiang River.

关键词： Be Burial Dating of the Birth of the Present Hanjiang River Cosmogenic

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Earth surface processes and their effects on human behavior in monsoonal China during the Pleistocene-Holocene epochs

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2017年第11期27卷 1311-1324页

作者： LU Huayu ZHUO Haixin ZHANG Wenchao wang shejiang ZHANG Hongyan SUN Xuefeng JIA Xin XU Zhiwei wang Xianyan School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Beijing 100101 China Joint Laboratory of Human Evolution and Archaeometry Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology CAS Beijing 100044 China

There is a wide diversity of landforms in China. The topography of three major ter- races, decreasing in height stepwise from west to east, was formed by the early Miocene. With the commencement of the Great Northern Hemisphere Glaciations （GHGs） and the glacial-interglacial cycles in the Pleistocene, thick loess deposits accumulated in north China, and fluvial terraces were formed and lakes expanded and contracted in eastern and central China. The earliest evidence of hominins in China is dated to ~1.7 Ma; they occupied the monsoon-dominated region for a long interval, until the late Pleistocene, ~50 ka. In this study, we investigated a large area rich in the relics and artifacts of early man. The results indicate that the early humans occupied riverine areas, especially medium-sized fluvial basins, and lake shores. Even in the relatively recent geological past, the occupation and abandonment of settlements were directly forced by the shifting of sand dune fields in the desert-loess transi- tional zone, which in turn was closely associated with variations in the monsoon climate and vegetation patterns. Our observations indicate that landforms were one of the main determi- nants of early human behavior, in that loess tableland, large alluvial plains, desert-Gobi areas, and the Tibetan Plateau, were not suitable environments for early human settlement. We infer that the early humans in China adapted their behavior to specific landforms and landform processes. The monsoon climate, which shapes the large-scale step-like pattern of fluvial landforms, promotes vegetation coverage and dominates soil formation, provides a crucial context for early human adaptation. The adaptation of early humans to earth surface proc- esses in East Asia is investigated for the first time in this study. Future investigations will provide further information that will increase our understanding of the linkage between early human behavior and landform processes in East Asia.

关键词： earth surface processes early human behavior monsoon Pleistocene Holocene China

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