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Solutions to Buoyancy-Drag Equation for Dynamical Evolution of Rayleigh-Taylor and Richtmyer-Meshkov Mixing Zone

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2011年第10期56卷 751-755页

作者： W.K.chow N.K.Fong Department of Building Services Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HornKowloonHong KongChina

With a self-similar parameter b(A_t)=H_i/λ_i,where A_t is the Atwood number,H_i andλ_i are the amplitude and wavelength of bubble(i = 1) and spike(i = 2) respectively,we derive analytically the solutions to the buoyancy-drag equation recently proposed for dynamical evolution of Rayleigh-Taylor and Richtmyer-Meshkov mixing *** solutions are obtained with a simple form of b(A_t)=1/(1 + A_t) and comparisons with recent LEM(linear electric motor) experiments are made,and an agreement is found with properly chosen initial conditions.

关键词：动力学演化混合区瑞利泰勒方程浮力拖曳自相似参数

Dynamic phenotypic heterogeneity and the evolution of multiple RNA subtypes in hepatocellular carcinoma:the PLANET study

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National Science Review 2022年第3期9卷 96-109页

作者： Weiwei Zhai Hannah Lai Neslihan Arife Kaya Jianbin Chen Hechuan Yang Bingxin Lu Jia Qi Lim Siming Ma Sin Chi Chew Khi Pin Chua Jacob Josiah Santiago Alvarez Pauline Jieqi Chen Mei Mei Chang Lingyan Wu Brian K.P.Goh Alexander Yaw-Fui chung chung Yip Chan Peng chung Cheow Ser Yee Lee Juinn Huar Kam Alfred Wei-Chieh Kow Iyer Shridhar Ganpathi Rawisak Chanwat Jidapa Thammasiri Boon Koon Yoong Diana Bee-Lan Ong Vanessa H.de Villa Rouchelle D.Dela Cruz Tracy Jiezhen Loh Wei Keat Wan Zeng Zeng Anders Jacobsen Skanderup Yin Huei Pang Krishnakumar Madhavan Tony Kiat-Hon Lim Glenn Bonney Wei Qiang Leow Valerie Chew Yock Young Dan Wai Leong Tam Han Chong Toh Roger Sik-Yin Foo Pierce Kah-Hoe chow Genome Institute of Singapore Agency for Science Technology and Research Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University Division of Biosciences Faculty of Life Sciences Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology National Cancer Centre Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Transplant Surgery Singapore General Hospital Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Department of Surgery University Surgical Cluster National University Health System Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery Unit Department of Surgery National Cancer Institute Division of Pathology National Cancer Institute Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya Department of Surgery and Center for Liver Disease Management and Transplantation The Medical City 13. Department of Laboratories The Medical City Department of Pathology Singapore General Hospital Institute for Infocomm Research ASTAR Department of Pathology National University Health System Translational Immunology Institute (TII) Sing Health Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Medicine Cluster National University Hospital Department of Biochemistry Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Cancer Science Institute of Singapore National University of Singapore Division of Medical Oncology National Cancer Center Singapore Cardiovascular Research Institute National University of Singapore National University Healthcare System Singhealth-Duke-NUS Academic Surgery Program Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology Agency for Science Technology and Research

Intra-tumor heterogeneity(ITH) is a key challenge in cancer treatment, but previous studies have focused mainly on the genomic alterations without exploring phenotypic(transcriptomic and immune)heterogeneity. Using one of the largest prospective surgical cohorts for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)with multi-region sampling, we sequenced whole genomes and paired transcriptomes from 67 HCC patients(331 samples). We found that while genomic ITH was rather constant across stages, phenotypic ITH had a very different trajectory and quickly diversified in stage Ⅱ patients. Most strikingly, 30% of patients were found to contain more than one transcriptomic subtype within a single tumor. Such phenotypic ITH was found to be much more informative in predicting patient survival than genomic ITH and explains the poor efficacy of single-target systemic therapies in HCC. Taken together, we not only revealed an unprecedentedly dynamic landscape of phenotypic heterogeneity in HCC, but also highlighted the importance of studying phenotypic evolution across cancer types.

关键词： NADH oxidase H2O2 production oxidative phosphorylation

High-member low-dimensional Sn-based perovskite solar cells

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Science China Chemistry 2023年第2期66卷 459-465页

作者： Hansheng Li Zihao Zang Qi Wei Xianyuan Jiang Mingyu Ma Zengshan Xing Jingtian Wang Danni Yu Fei Wang Wenjia Zhou Kam Sing Wong Philip C.Y.chow Yuanyuan Zhou Zhijun Ning School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China Department of Physics Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong999077China Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China Department of Physics Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong Kong999077China

Sn-based perovskites are promising thin-film photovoltaic materials for their ideal bandgap and the eco-friendliness of Sn,but the performance of Sn-based perovskite solar cells is hindered by the short carrier diffusion length and large defect density in nominally-synthesized Sn-based perovskite *** we demonstrate that a long carrier diffusion length is achievable in quasi-2D Sn-based perovskite films consisting of high-member low-dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper(RP)phases with a preferred crystal orientation *** key to the film synthesis is the use of a molecular additive formed by phenylethylammonium cations and optimally mixed halide-pseudohalide anions,which favorably tailors the quasi-2D Sn-based perovskite crystallization *** high-member RP film structure effectively enhances device short-circuit current density,giving rise to an increased power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 14.6%.The resulting device demonstrates a near-unity shelf stability upon1,000 h in nitrogen.A high reproductivity is also achieved with a count of 50 devices showing PCEs within a narrow range from minimum 13.0%to maximum 14.6%.

关键词： Sn-based perovskite lead-free perovskite solar cells low-dimensional structure optoelectronics device

Selected aptamer specially combing 5-8F cells based on automatic screening instrument

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2022年第9期33卷 4208-4212页

作者： Zhukang Guo Baijiang Jin Yile Fang Yan Deng Zhu Chen Hui Chen Song Li Franklin Wang-Ngan chow Polly H.M.Leung Hanming Wang Lei Cai Nongyue He State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics School of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing 210096China Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices Hunan University of TechnologyZhuzhou 412007China Department of Health Technology and Informatics The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina Guangzhou Wondfo Biotech Co. Ltd.Guangzhou 510641China Guangzhou Wondfo iCubate Biotech Co. Ltd.Guangzhou 510641China

Since the concept of aptamer emerged,many scientists have launched a rich field of research around ***,few nucleic acids aptamer which use cell as target can be put into practical *** believe that a great deal of this lies in the complexity and irreproducibility of aptamer screening experiments *** complexity is due to the cumbersome processes and the technical requirements for laboratory personnel,whereas irreproducibility arises from the fact that the starting point of such screens is nucleic acid libraries with random fragments,and that different libraries directly determine the differences or even the success or failure of screening *** complexity and irreproducibility mentioned above,in turn,lead to the inability of this experiment to unfold on a large scale,which naturally cannot lead to excellent results for practical *** response to this problem,our group has developed an instrument for automated screening of tumor cell nucleic acid aptamers and characterized the properties of nucleic acid aptamers obtained using this instrument in a comprehensive manner.

关键词： Aptamer Cell-SELEX Automatic instrument Tumor Efficient screening

TOWARDS A HUMAN DIGNITY BASED APPROACH TO FOOD SECURITY： LESSONS FROM CHINA AND INDIA

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Frontiers of Law in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2016年第2期11卷 243-265页

作者： Nandini Ramanujam Stephanie chow Faculty of Law McGill University Centre of Human Rights and Legal Pluralism at McGill University MontrealCanada

Despite almost halving the proportion of the world＇s undernourished over the past two and half decades, the number of undernourished people in the world remains staggeringly high. Efforts to address the global state of food insecurity must target China and India, which are home to the world＇s highest and second highest number of undernourished people. This article analyzes the comparative experiences of tackling food security in China and India and adopts an inter-disciplinary approach, which melds legal, economic, and human perspectives to food security. Both China and India have made concerted efforts to improve food security of vulnerable populations in the past three decades. These efforts have historically focused on actively promoting grain production, which has been largely successful in achieving grain self-sufficiency and securing adequate availability of food for their populations. However, the contemporary challenges to food security are now increasingly driven by unsustainable dietary patterns and are exacerbated by growing populations, increasing wealth, and the globalization of food supply chains. As a result, the cause of food insecurity is no longer fundamentally about food supply, but rather about the extent to which marginalized populations are empowered with the rights, freedoms, and capabilities that enable them to attain healthy and productive lives. China and India apply markedly different approaches to address the issue of people＇s access to food. In India, the right to food movement has gained momentum through the work of civil society actors and there is now a legal right to food. In contrast, in China the right to food is neither stipulated in Chinese law nor referenced to in the official policy rhetoric as the country seeks to ensure access to food by focusing on poverty alleviation more generally through an income transfer program and a non-food based, social safety net to help the poor. At the same time, the Chinese population＇s high edu

关键词： food security human dignity human capabilities right to food

Media Independent Handover Scheme with QoS Provision across UMTS and WiMAX Networks

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China Communications 2012年第7期9卷 55-70页

作者： Xu Yihan Chee-Onn chow Khong-Neng Choong Hiroshi Ishii Department of Electrical Engineering University of Malaya Lembah Pantai Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia Wireless Communication Cluster MIMOS Berhad Technology Park Malaysia Kuala Lumpur 57000 Malaysia Professional Graduate School of Embedded Technology Tokai University Minato-ku Tokyo 108-8619 Japan

The rapid growth and innovation of the various mobile communication technologies have caused a change in the paradigm of internet access. Wireless technologies such as WiMAX, Wi-Fi and UMTS/LTE networks have shown great potential in dominating the wireless access markets. The existence of various access technologies requires a means for seamless internetworking to provide anywhere, anytime services without interruption in the ongoing session, especially in multimedia applications with rigid Quality of Services(QoS) requirements. The IEEE 802.21 Media Independent Handover (MIH) working group was formed to develop a set of mechanisms under a standard framework with the capability to support migration of mobile users across heterogeneous networks. Therefore, the implementation of handover is extremely important in the heterogeneous network environment. In order to guarantee various QoS requirements during handover execution especially in multimedia applications, in this paper we propose a novel MIH-based capacity estimation algorithm to execute handover with QoS provision supporting both horizontal and vertical handovers across UMTS and WiMAX networks. Simulation shows that the proposed mechanism achieves lower call dropping rate (highest approximate 3%) and higher system throughput (average 92%) than the basic handover method does.

关键词： UMTS 网络连接多媒体 WiMAX QoS 交接移动通信技术无线技术

Effects of music and video on perceived exertion during high-intensity exercise

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2017年第1期6卷 81-88页

作者： Enoch C.chow Jennifer L.Etnier Department of Kinesiology University of North Carolina at GreensboroGreensboroNC 27412USA

Background: Dissociative attentional stimuli(e.g., music, video) are effective in decreasing ratings of perceived exertion(RPE) during low-tomoderate intensity exercise, but have inconsistent results during exercise at higher intensity. The purpose of this study was to assess attentional focus and RPE during high-intensity exercise as a function of being exposed to music, video, both(music and video), or a no-treatment control ***: During the first session, healthy men(n = 15) completed a maximal fitness test to determine the workload necessary for high-intensity exercise(operationalized as 125% ventilatory threshold) to be performed during subsequent sessions. On 4 subsequent days, they completed 20 min of high-intensity exercise in a no-treatment control condition or while listening to music, watching a video, or both. Attentional focus, RPE,heart rate, and distance covered were measured every 4 min during the ***: Music and video in combination resulted in significantly lower RPE across time(partial η~2= 0.36) and the size of the effect increased over time(partial η~2= 0.14). Additionally, music and video in combination resulted in a significantly more dissociative focus than the other conditions(partial η~2= 0.29).Conclusion: Music and video in combination may result in lower perceived exertion during high-intensity exercise when compared to music or video in isolation. Future research will be necessary to test if reductions in perceived exertion in response to dissociative attentional stimuli have implications for exercise adherence.

关键词： Acute exercise Attentional focus Effort Perceived exertion

Asymptotic dynamics of a modified discrete Leslie-Gower competition system

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2017年第6期10卷 1-23页

作者： Yunshyong chow Sophia R.-J. Jang Institute of Mathematics Academia Sinica Taipei 10617 Taiwan Department of Mathematics and StatisticsTexas Tech University Lubbock TX 79409-1042 USA

We propose a modified discrete-time Leslie–Gower competition system of two populations to study competition outcomes. Depending on the magnitude of a particular model parameter that measures intraspecific competition between individuals within the same population, either one or both populations may be subject to Allee effects. The resulting system can have up to four coexisting steady states. Using the theory of planar competitive maps, it is shown that the model has only equilibrium dynamics. The competition outcomes then depend not only on the parameter regimes but may also depend on the initial population distributions.

关键词：竞争系统平衡动力学离散 Allee效应种群竞争模型参数种内竞争稳定状态

A survey of sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics in the environment

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第1期33卷 21-27页

作者： Louise K.M.chow Timothy M.Ghaly Michael R.Gillings Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie UniversityNSW 2109Australia ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology Macquarie UniversityNSW 2109Australia

Antibiotics are poorly metabolized,and can enter the environment via human waste streams,agricultural run-off and pharmaceutical *** consequently expect to see a concentration gradient of antibiotic compounds radiating from areas of human *** antibiotics should be thought of as pollutants,as they can accumulate,and have biological *** antibiotic pollutants can increase rates of mutation and lateral transfer events,and continue to exert selection pressure even at sub-inhibitory ***,we conducted a literature survey on environmental concentrations of *** collated 887 data points from 40 peer-reviewed *** then determined whether these concentrations were biologically relevant by comparing them to their minimum selective concentrations,usually defined as between 1/4 and 1/230 of the minimum inhibitory *** concentrations of antibiotics surveyed often fall into this *** general,the antibiotic concentrations recorded in aquatic and sediment samples were *** findings indicate that environmental concentrations of antibiotics are likely to be influencing microbial ecology,and to be driving the selection of antibiotic resistant bacteria.

关键词： Antimicrobial Pollution Evolution Microorganism Environment Antibiotic resistance