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Challenges confronting rural hospitals accentuated during COVID-19

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The Journal of biomedical Research 2020年第6期34卷 397-409页

作者： Anthony D.Slonim Helen See sheila.Slonim Renown Health RenoNV 89503USA Medicine and Pediatrics University of NevadaReno School of MedicineRenoNV 89557USA Hospital Operations Carilion ClinicRoanokeVA 24017USA.

The balanced budget Act of 1997 created a designation for critical access hospitals(CAHs)to sustain care for people living in rural communities who lacked access to care due to hospital closures over the preceding ***-five years later,1350 CAHs serve approximately 18% of the us population and a systematic policy evaluation has yet to be *** policy analysis serves to define challenges faced by CAHs through a literature review addressing the four major categories of payment,quality,access to capital,and ***,this analysis describes how current challenges to maintain sustainability of CAHs over time are accentuated by gaps in public health infrastructure and variability in individual health care plans exhibited during the COVID-19 pandemic.

关键词： rural hospitals critical access hospitals COVID-19 coronavirus

The C-Terminal Hypervariable Domain Targets Arabidopsis ROP9 to the Invaginated Pollen Tube Plasma Membrane

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Molecular Plant 2013年第4期6卷 1362-1364页

作者： Sha li, liang-Zi Zhou, Qiang-nan Feng, sheila.McCormick Yan Zhang State Key laboratory of Crop biology College of Life Sciences Shandong Agricultural University Tai’an 271018 China Plant Gene Expression Center United States Department of Agriculture and University of California Berkeley CA 94710 USA

Dear Editor, The small GTPase ROPs are molecular switches in diverse developmental and cellular processes in plants （Yang, 2002）. based on their genomic organization, ROPs have been classified into two subgroups （Winge et al., 2000）. Type I ROPs reg- ulate the dynamic organization of the actin cytoskeleton, a tip-focused Ca2＋-gradient, and the production of reactive oxy- gen species, thus playing essential roles in pollen tube growth presumably by integrating input signals into diverse output cellular activities （nibau et al., 2006）. The GTP-bound, active form of type I ROPs localize at the apical plasma membrane of pollen tubes to direct polar growth, while their GDP-bound, inactive forms are cytoplasmic （Yang, 2002）. localization of type I ROPs at the apical plasma membrane of pollen tubes is dynamically regulated by coordinated activities of their upstream regulators including guanine nucleotide exchange factors （RopGEFs）, GTPase activating proteins （RopGAPs）, and guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors （RhoGDIs）（Hwang et al., 2010）.

关键词： C-Terminal Hypervariable Invaginated

Cajal bodies Are Developmentally Regulated during Pollen Development and Pollen Tube Growth in Arabidopsis thaliana

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Molecular Plant 2013年第4期6卷 1355-1357页

作者： Regina Scarpin lorena Sigaut lia Pietrasanta sheila.McCormick binglian Zheng Jorge Muschietti Instituto de Ingeniería Genética y biología Molecular (InGEbI-COnICET) Vuelta de Obligado 2490 Piso 2 Buenos Aires 1428 Argentina Centro de Microscopías Avanzadas Universidad de Buenos Aires 1428 Buenos Aires Argentina Plant Gene Expression Center US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of California at Berkeley Albany CA 94710 USA State Key laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Institute of Plant biology School of Life Sciences Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China Departamento de biodiversidad y biología Experimental Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires 1428 Argentina

Dear Editor, Cajal bodies （Cbs） are sub-nuclear bodies first described in neurons by ramon y Cajal in 1903 and subsequently character- ized in both plant and animals （Gall, 2003）. They appear close to the nucleoli as discrete foci whose size and number vary during the cell cycle （Strzelecka et al., 2010）. They are dynamic structures that move, fuse, and separate, depending on the transcriptional status of the cell （Cioce and lamond, 2005）. Cbs are involved in assembly and trafficking of small nucleolar ribonucleopro- teins （snoRnPs） and in assembly and trafficking of spliceoso- mal small nuclear ribonucleoprotein （snRnPs） complexes that are involved in mRna splicing （Gall, 2003; Cioce and lamond, 2005）. Cbs also contain components of the machinery involved in siRna-mediated silencing and in methylation of repetitive Dna （li et al., 2006）.

关键词： Developmentally Regulated Arabidopsis

Determination of Statistical Properties of Microtubule Populations

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Applied Mathematics 2016年第13期7卷 1456-1475页

作者： Tyson Dilorenzo lee ligon Donald drew Department of Mathematics Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy USA Department of biological Sciences and Center for biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy USA

Microtubules are structures within the cell that form a transportation network along which motor proteins tow cargo to destinations. To establish and maintain a structure capable of serving the cell’s tasks, microtubules undergo deconstruction and reconstruction regularly. This change in structure is critical to tasks like wound repair and cell motility. Images of fluorescing microtubule networks are captured in grayscale at different wavelengths, displaying different tagged proteins. The analysis of these polymeric structures involves identifying the presence of the protein and the direction of the structure in which it resides. This study considers the problem of finding statistical properties of sections of microtubules. We consider the research done on directional filters and utilize a basic solution to find the center of a ridge. The method processes the captured image by centering a circle around pre-determined pixel locations so that the highest possible average pixel intensity is found within the circle, thus marking the center of the microtubule. The location of these centers allows us to estimate angular direction and curvature of the microtubules, statistically estimate the direction of microtubules in a region of the cell, and compare properties of different types of microtubule networks in the same region. To verify accuracy, we study the results of the method on a test image.

关键词： Microtubule Image Analysis Curvature

Fishing and Rural livelihood: A Philippine Context

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2021年第1期11卷 84-95页

作者： Rosalina Palanca-Tan sheila.bongat-bayog Department of Economics Ateneo de Manila University Quezon City Philippines Research and Publication Center Notre Dame of Marbel University City of Koronadal Philippines

The Municipality of lake Sebu in Mindanao, Philippines offers various opportunities for income-generating fishing activities with its abundant surface water bodies. lake Sebu is particularly known for good quality tilapia, farmed in fish cages. This study employed primary data collection methods, namely key informant interview, focus group discussion and a comprehensive livelihood household survey to assess the conditions and problems constraining fishing households in lake Sebu. The study found that fishing-related benefits were mainly derived from aquaculture. Capture fisheries are essentially very small-scale, low gear open fishing done by local fisher folk that generates only subsistence income. local residents are mostly engaged in retail fish trading that likewise generate only subsistence income. Survey results also revealed large variations in the scale of aquaculture operations. Fish cage owners, who are not originally from lake Sebu or have residences outside lake Sebu, are usually the large-scale fish farm operators, while the locals are only engaged in small-scale aquaculture due to limited financial sources. The study found that on the average, fishing-dependent households earned an annual income of n>PHP 132,800 (US$ 2619), which was 15% lower than the average for all household respondents, andn> that a substantial 63% of fishing-dependent n style="font-family:Verdana;">households live below the poverty line. It appears, therefore, that the rich water resources in the municipality have not contributed substantially to poverty alleviation. These findings point to the need for government assistance such as aquaculture financing programs and the formation of fish farming cooperatives to enable locals to engage in large-scale fish farming and reap the benefits of economies of scale.

关键词： Fisheries Aquaculture Mindanao

Discovery of novel Dna viruses in small mammals from Kenya

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Virologica Sinica 2022年第4期37卷 491-502页

作者： Griphin Ochieng Ochola bei li Vincent Obanda sheila.Ommeh Harold Ochieng Xing-lou Yang samson Omondi Onyuok Zheng-li Shi bernard Agwanda ben Hu CAS Key laboratory of Special Pathogens and biosafety Wuhan Institute of VirologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430071China Sino-Africa Joint Research Center Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430074China Mammalogy Section National Museums of KenyaNairobi40658-00100Kenya University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China Veterinary Services Department Kenya Wildlife ServiceNairobi40241-00100Kenya Institute of biotechnology Research Jomo Kenyatta University of Science and TechnologyNairobi62000-00200Kenya

Emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases of wildlife origin have led pre-emptive pathogen surveillances in animals to be a public health *** and shrews are among the most numerically abundant vertebrate taxa and are known as natural hosts of important zoonotic *** surveillance programs focused more on Rna *** comparison,much less is known about Dna viruses harbored by these small *** fill this knowledge gap,tissue specimens of 232 animals including 226 rodents,five shrews and one hedgehog were collected from 5 counties in Kenya and tested for the presence of Dna viruses belonging to 7 viral families by *** Dna sequences of adenoviruses,adeno-associated viruses,herpesviruses and polyomaviruses were *** analyses revealed that most of these viruses showed distinction from previously described viruses and formed new ***,this is the first report of the discovery and full-length genome characterization of a polyomavirus in lemniscomys *** novel polyomavirus,named ls Py V KY187,has less than 60%amino acid sequence identity to the most related Glis glis polyomavirus 1 and Sciurus carolinensis polyomavirus 1 in both large and small T-antigen proteins and thus can be putatively allocated to a novel species within *** findings help us better understand the genetic diversity of Dna viruses in rodent and shrew populations in Kenya and provide new insights into the evolution of those Dna viruses in their small mammal *** demonstrates the necessity of ongoing pathogen discovery studies targeting rodent-borne viruses in East Africa.

关键词： Kenya Dna viruses Rodents Shrews Polyomavirus

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THE SPACE bETWEEn us

缤纷 2009年第1期 104-111页

作者： Rui sheila.G&S Studio Rui&sheila G&S Studio

nociceptive and neuropathic Pain Qualities in Men and Women with Acute Coronary Syndromes: A Complex Pain Presentation

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Open Journal of nursing 2017年第3期7卷 331-344页

作者： sheila.O’Keefe-McCarthy Michael McGillion Charles J. Victor sheila.Rizza Judith McFetridge-Durdle brock University St. Catharines Ontario Canada Heart and Stroke Foundation/Michael G. De Groote Endowed Chair in Cardiovascular nursing Research School of Nursing Faculty of Health Sciences Hamilton Ontario Canada University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada nurse Practitioner Heart Failure Clinic Trillium Health Partners-Credit Valley Site Mississauga Ontario Canada Florida State University College of nursing Tallahassee Florida US

background: Cardiac pain arising from acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a multi-factorial phenomenon. Historically, episodes of cardiac pain have been captured using a one-dimensional numeric pain rating scale. lacking in clinical practice are acute pain assessments that employ a comprehensive evaluation of an emergent ACS episode. Aim: To examine the sensory-discriminative, motivational-affective and cognitive-evaluative dimensions of ACS-related pain. Methods: A descriptive-correlational, repeated-measure design was used to collect data on 121 ACS patients of their cardiac pain intensity. The (numeric rating scale-nRS 0-10 scale) measured chest pain “now” and “Worst pain in the previous 2 hours over 8 hours” and the McGill Pain Questionnaire Short-Form (MPQ-SF) measured pain at 4 hours. Results: Mean age was 67.6 ± 13, 50% were male, 60% had unstable angina and 40% had non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Cardiac pain intensity scores remained in the mild range from 1.1 ± 2.2 to 2.4 ± 2.7. MPQ-SF: 66% described pain as distressing and 26% reported pain was horrible or excruciating. Participants described ACS pain quality as acute injury (nociceptive pain: heavy, cramping, stabbing), as nerve damage (neuropathic: gnawing, hot-burning, shooting) and as a mixture of acute and chronic pain qualities (aching, tender and throbbing). Conclusions: Patients reported both nociceptive and neuropathic cardiac pain. It is unclear if pain perceptions are due to: i) pathophysiology of clot formation, ii) occurrence of a first or repeated ACS episode, or iii) complex co-morbidities. Pain arising from ACS requires an understanding of the interplay of ischemic, metabolic and neuropathophysiological mechanisms that contribute to complex cardiac pain experiences.

关键词： Acute Coronary Syndromes nociceptive Pain neuropathic Pain Pain Descriptors Emergency Department

Cover Crop and Irrigation Effects on Soil Microbial Communities and Enzymes in Semiarid Agroecosystems of the Central Great Plains of north America

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Pedosphere 2016年第2期26卷 192-205页

作者： Francisco J. CAlDEROn David nIElSEn Veronica ACOSTA-MARTInEZ Merle F. VIGIl drew lYOn usDA-ARS Central Great Plains Research Station Akron CO 80720 USA usDA-ARS Cropping Systems Research Laboratory Wind Erosion and Water Conservation Unit Lubbock TX 79415 USA Department of Crop and Soil Sciences Washington State University Pullman WA 99164-6420 USA

Cover crops can have beneficial effects on soil microbiology by increasing carbon （C） supply, but these beneficial effects can be modulated by precipitation conditions. The objective of this study was to compare a fallow-winter wheat （Triticum aestivum l.） rotation to several cover crop-winter wheat rotations under rainfed and irrigated conditions in the semiarid us High Plains. Experiments were carried out at two sites, Sidney in nebraska, and Akron in Colorado, Usa, with three times of soil sampling in 2012--2013 at cover crop termination, wheat planting, and wheat maturity. The experiments included four single-species cover crops, a 10-species mixture, and a fallow treatment. The variables measured were soil C and nitrogen （n）, soil community structure by fatty acid methyl ester （FAME） profiles, and soil β-glucosidase,β-glucosaminidase, and phosphodiesterase activities. The fallow treatment, devoid of living plants, reduced the concentrations of most FAMEs at cover crop termination. The total FAME concentration was correlated with cover crop biomass （R = 0.62 at Sidney and 0.44 at Akron）. by the time of wheat planting, there was a beneficial effect of irrigation, which caused an increase in myeorrhizal and protozoan markers. At wheat maturity, the cover crop and irrigation effects on soil FAMEs had subsided, but irrigation had a positive effect on the β-glucosidase and phosphodiesterase activities at Akron, which was the drier of the two sites. Cover crops and irrigation were slow to impact soil C concentration. Our results show that cover crops had a short-lived effect on soil microbial communities in semiarid wheat-based rotations and irrigation could enhance soil enzyme activity. In the semiarid environment, longer time spans may have been needed to see beneficial effects of cover crops on soil microbial community structure, soil enzyme activities, and soil C sequestration.

关键词： crop rotation enzyme activity FAME profile fatty acid methyl ester winter wheat