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A review of recent advancements in finite element formulation for sandwich plates

Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2019年第4期32卷 785-798页

作者： shehzaib irfan Faisal SIDDIQUI Aerospace Engineering Department College of Aeronautical Engineering National University of Sciences and TechnologyRisalpur

Use of composite structures is exponentially growing in different fields due to their higher strength-to-weight ratio. This application trend requires that accurate theoretical explanations and their finite element models be developed for analyzing sandwich plates before finalizing the designs. This paper reviews the recent research trends of finite element formulations developed for analyzing sandwich plates. This paper reviews the finite element models developed after the year 2000. Initially, the finite element formulations based on first order shear deformation theory, higher order shear deformation theories, mixed solid-shell elements, zig-zag theories and global–local theories are presented. Then, some finite element formulations developed to analyze a very new class of structures called piezoelectric structures are presented. At the end, some formulations to analyze a very critical phenomenon called buckling are presented.

关键词： Buckling Finite element FSDT HSDT Laminated composites Piezoelectric Sandwich plates Zig-zag theory

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Physiological and molecular mechanisms of cytokinin involvement in nitrate-mediated adventitious root formation in apples

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第12期23卷 4046-4057页

作者： Muhammad Mobeen Tahir Li Fan Zhimin Liu Humayun Raza Usman Aziz Asad shehzaib Shaohuan Li Yinnan He Yicen Lu Xiaoying Ren Dong Zhang Jiangping Mao College of Horticulture Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple ImprovementNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics Faculty of Agriculture and EnvironmentThe Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpur 63100The Islamic Republic of Pakistan National Cotton Breeding Institute The Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpur 63100The Islamic Republic of Pakistan

Potassium nitrate(KNO_(3))promotes adventitious root(AR)formation in apple stem ***,evidence for the possible involvement of cytokinin(CK)in KNO_(3)-mediated AR formation in apples is still *** this study,we cultured GL-3 apple microshoots in different treatment *** the T1(KNO_(3)9.4 mmol L^(-1)+6-benzyl adenine(6-BA)2.22μmol L^(-1))and T3(6-BA 2.22μmol L^(-1))treatments completely inhibited AR formation,the control,T2(KNO_(3)9.4 mmol L^(-1)),and T4(KNO_(3)9.4 mmol L^(-1)+lovastatin(Lov)1.24μmol L^(-1))treatments developed ***,T4-treated microshoots developed fewer and shorter ARs,indicating that optimum CK synthesis is needed for normal AR *** also suggests that these fewer and shorter ARs developed because of the presence of KNO_(3) in the same *** anatomy of the stem basal part indicated that the inhibition of CK biosynthesis delayed AR primordia *** endogenous levels of indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)and zeatin riboside(ZR)were higher in T2-treated microshoots,while the abscisic acid(ABA),gibberellic acid 3(GA_(3)),and brassinosteroid(BR)levels were higher in T4-treated *** expression levels of MdNRT1.1and MdNRT2.1 were higher in T2-treated microshoots at 3 and 8 days,while MdRR2 and MdCKX5 were higher at 8 and 16 days,***,higher IAA levels increased MdWOX11 expression,which in turn increased MdLBD16 and MdLBD29 expression in response to *** combined expression of these genes stimulated adventitious rooting by upregulating cell cycle-related genes(MdCYCD1;1 and MdCYCD3;1)in response to T2 *** study shows that specific genes and hormonal pathways contribute to KNO_(3)-CK-mediated adventitious rooting in apples.

关键词： adventitious root(AR) cytokinin(CK) potassium nitrate(KNO_(3)) crosstalk hormones gene expression

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