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Wildfire severity alters soil microbial exoenzyme production and fungal abundances in the southern Appalachian Mountains

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pedosphere 2024年第5期34卷 865-878页

作者： Megan L.SCHILL Richard BAIRD shawn p.brown Allison M.VEACH Department of Integrative Biology University of Texas at San AntonioSan Antonio TX 78249USA Biochemistry Molecular BiologyEntomology and Plant Pathology DepartmentMississippi State UniversityStarkville MS 39762USA Department of Biological Sciences The University of MemphisMemphis TN 38152USAAntonioand the University of Memphis。

Climate change has increased drought frequency and duration that are exacerbated by increased temperatures *** effect has,and will continue,to increase fire occurrence across many regions of North *** the southern Appalachian Mountains,wildfires with high burn severity occurred in 2016due to increased drought and human *** investigate the effects of burn severity on soil physicochemical properties,microbial extracellular enzyme production,and microbial abundances in a temperate region,surface soils(0-15 cm)were collected from two sites(the Great Smoky Mountains National park in Tennessee and the Nantahala National Forest in North Carolina,USA)spanning lightly,moderately,and severely burned areas,accompanied by adjacent unburned locations that act as *** soil samples were collected at three time points between 2017 and 2019(i.e.,0.5,1,and 2.5 years post-fire)among burn severity *** hydrolytic enzyme production varied over time,with severe burn plots having significantly lower enzyme production at 2.5years *** enzymes varied among burn severities and across time *** burn plots showed greater carbon-specific(β-glucosidase andβ-xylosidase)and phosphorus-specific(acid phosphatase)enzyme activities at 0.5 years post-fire,but this effect was *** 2.5 years post-fire,theβ-xylosidase and acid phosphatase activities were lower in severe or moderate burn plots relative to the *** contrast,the activity of nitrogen-specific enzyme leucyl aminopeptidase was the lowest in severe burn plots at 0.5 years post-fire,but was the lowest in light burn plots at 2.5 years *** fungi:bacteria ratio declined with burn severity,indicating that fungi are sensitive or less resilient to high burn severity during *** results suggest that wildfires alter trajectories for soil microbial structure and function within a 2.5-year timeframe,which potentially has long-term impacts on biogeochemical

关键词： burn severity extracellular enzyme fungi:bacteria ratio internal transcribed spacer microbial structure 16S rRNA

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FungalTraits:a user-friendly traits database of fungi and fungus-like stramenopiles

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Fungal Diversity 2020年第2期107卷 I0001-I0016页

作者： Sergei põlme Kessy Abarenkov RHenrik Nilsson Björn D.Lindahl Karina Engelbrecht Clemmensen Havard Kauserud Nhu Nguyen Rasmus Kjøller Scott T.Bates petr Baldrian Tobias Guldberg Frøslev Kristjan Adojaan Alfredo Vizzini Ave Suija Donald pfister Hans-Otto Baral Helle Järv Hugo Madrid Jenni Nordén Jian-Kui Liu Julia pawlowska Kadri põldmaa Kadri pärtel Kadri Runnel Karen Hansen Karl-Henrik Larsson Kevin David Hyde Marcelo Sandoval-Denis Matthew E.Smith Merje Toome-Heller Nalin N.Wijayawardene Nelson Menolli Jr Nicole K.Reynolds Rein Drenkhan Sajeewa S.N.Maharachchikumbura Tatiana B.Gibertoni Thomas Læssøe William Davis Yuri Tokarev Adriana Corrales Adriene Mayra Soares Ahto Agan Alexandre Reis Machado Andrés Argüelles-Moyao Andrew Detheridge Angelina de Meiras-Ottoni Annemieke Verbeken Arun Kumar Dutta Bao-Kai Cui C.K.pradeep César Marín Daniel Stanton Daniyal Gohar Dhanushka N.Wanasinghe Eveli Otsing Farzad Aslani Gareth W.Griffith Thorsten H.Lumbsch Hans-peter Grossart Hossein Masigol Ina Timling Inga Hiiesalu Jane Oja John Y.Kupagme József Geml Julieta Alvarez-Manjarrez Kai Ilves Kaire Loit Kalev Adamson Kazuhide Nara Kati Küngas Keilor Rojas-Jimenez Krišs Bitenieks Laszlo Irinyi LászlóGNagy Liina Soonvald Li-Wei Zhou Lysett Wagner M.Catherine Aime MaarjaÖpik María Isabel Mujica Martin Metsoja Martin Ryberg Martti Vasar Masao Murata Matthew pNelsen Michelle Cleary Milan C.Samarakoon Mingkwan Doilom Mohammad Bahram Niloufar Hagh-Doust Olesya Dulya peter Johnston petr Kohout Qian Chen Qing Tian Rajasree Nandi Rasekh Amiri Rekhani Hansika perera Renata dos Santos Chikowski Renato L.Mendes-Alvarenga Roberto Garibay-Orijel Robin Gielen Rungtiwa phookamsak Ruvishika S.Jayawardena Saleh Rahimlou Samantha C.Karunarathna Saowaluck Tibpromma shawn p.brown Siim-Kaarel Sepp Sunil Mundra Zhu-Hua Luo Tanay Bose Tanel Vahter Tarquin Netherway Teng Yang Tom May Torda Varga Wei Li Victor Rafael Matos Coimbra Virton Rodrigo Targino de Oliveira Vitor Xavier de Lima Vladimir S.Mikryukov Yongzhong Lu Yosuke Matsuda Yumiko Miyamoto Urm Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu14A Ravila50411 TartuEstonia Natural History Museum University of Tartu46 Vanemuise Str51003 TartuEstonia Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre Box 46140530 GothenburgSweden Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden Department of Soil and Environment Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesBox 701475007 UppsalaSweden Department of Forest Mycology and plant pathology Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesBox 702675007 UppsalaSweden Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology(EvoGene) Department of BiosciencesUniversity of OsloP.O.Box 1066BlindernNO-0316 OsloNorway University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa 3190 Maile WaySt.John 102HonoluluHIUSA Department of Biology University of CopenhagenUniversitetsparken 152100 CopenhagenØDenmark purdue University Northwest WestvilleIN 46391USA Institute of Microbiology Czech Academy of SciencesVidenska 108314220 Praha 4Czech Republic GLOBE Institute University of CopenhagenØster Farimagsgade 5KH7.2.321353 CopenhagenDenmark Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi Universitàdi TorinoViale Mattioli 2510125 TorinoItaly Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Farlow Library and Herbarium Harvard University22 Divinity AveCambridgeMA 02138USA Blaihofstr.42 72074 TübingenGermany SYNLAB Estonia Veerenni 53aTallinn 11313Estonia Escuela de Tecnología Médica Universidad Santo TomásLos Carreras 753OsornoChile Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática Universidad MayorCamino La Pirámide 5750HuechurabaSantiagoChile Norwegian Institute for Nature Research(NINA) Sognsveien 680855 OsloNorway School of Life Science and Technology University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731People’s Republic of China Evolutionary Biology Faculty of BiologyBiological and Chemical Research CentreUniversity of Warsawul.Zwirki i Wigury 10102-089 WarsawPoland Department of Botany Swedish Museum of

The cryptic lifestyle of most fungi necessitates molecular identification of the guild in environmental *** the past decades,rapid development and affordability of molecular tools have tremendously improved insights of the fungal diversity in all ecosystems and ***,in spite of the progress of molecular methods,knowledge about functional properties of the fungal taxa is vague and interpretation of environmental studies in an ecologically meaningful manner remains *** order to facilitate functional assignments and ecological interpretation of environmental studies we introduce a user friendly traits and character database FungalTraits operating at genus and species hypothesis *** the information from previous efforts such as FUNGuild and FunFun together with involvement of expert knowledge,we reannotated 10,210 and 151 fungal and Stramenopila genera,*** resulted in a stand-alone spreadsheet dataset covering 17 lifestyle related traits of fungal and Stramenopila genera,designed for rapid functional assignments of environmental *** order to assign the trait states to fungal species hypotheses,the scientific community of experts manually categorised and assigned available trait information to 697,413 fungal ITS *** the basis of those sequences we were able to summarise trait and host information into 92,623 fungal species hypotheses at 1%dissimilarity threshold.

关键词： Fungal traits Trophic modes Function Guild Bioinformatics High-throughput sequencing Community ecology

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Experimental investigation of sediment transport in partially ice-covered channels

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2023年第5期38卷 769-779页

作者： Mina Rouzegar shawn p.Clark Department of Civil Engineering University of Manitoba

It is important to understand the effects of ice cover on sediment transport in cold climates, where subfreezing temperatures affect water bodies for a significant part of the year. The literature contains many studies on sediment transport in open channel flow, and several studies on sediment transport in completely ice-covered flow. There has been little or no research on sediment transport in partially icecovered channels. In the current study, laboratory experiments were done in a rectangular flume to quantify the impact of border ice presence on the sediment transport rate. The effects of ice cover extent and changing flow strengths on sediment transport distribution also were investigated, and the results were compared to those for fully ice-covered and open channel flow. The ice coverage ratios considered were 0(representing the open water condition), 0.25, 0.50, 0.67, and 1(representing fully ice-covered flow). The partial ice cover was found to impact the sediment transport distribution within the channel. The effect of ice coverage extent on sediment transport distribution was more significant at lower flow strengths and became negligible at higher flow strengths. The conventional equations for sediment transport in open channel flow and fully ice-covered flow that relate the dimensionless bedload transport rate to the flow strength were found to be applicable to estimate the total cross-section-averaged bedload transport for partially ice-covered flow when modified appropriately. Empirical coefficients for these equations were determined using the experimental data.

关键词： Sediment transport Bedload Ice-covered channel Border ice

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An experimental study on the effects of physical,mechanical,and electrochemical properties of natural cohesive soils on critical shear stress and erosion rate

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2016年第1期31卷 1-15页

作者： Navid Kimiaghalam shawn p.Clark Habib Ahmari Department of Civil Engineering University of Manitoba Water Resources Department Manitoba Hydro

The field of cohesive sediment erosion is still not fully understood,in large part due to the many soil parameters that affect cohesive sediment *** this study several undisturbed natural soil samples were taken from different river banks in Manitoba,*** samples mainly contained clay and silt with 24-94%clay content,thus the study covered a wide range of cohesive *** each sample13 different physical,mechanical,and electrochemical properties were *** shear stress of erosion and erosion rate were quantified using an Erosion Measurement Device(EMD).Stepwise regression was used to find the variables most significantly correlated to critical shear stress and erosion rate,which led to the development of a new empirical equation to estimate the critical shear stress of cohesive *** was found that the critical shear stress is highly correlated with cohesion,while both cohesion and sodium adsorption ratio(SAR)had significant influence on the erosion rate.

关键词： Cohesive sediment Critical shear stress Erosion rate

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Metabolic recruitment of spinal locomotion:intracellular neuromodulation by trace amines and their receptors

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第12期10卷 1940-1942页

作者： shawn Hochman Department of physiology Department Emory University

The trace amines（TAs）are a family of endogenous amines with structural,metabolic,physiological and pharmacological similarities to classical monoamine *** TA family includes tyramine,octopamine,β-phenylethylamine（... 详细信息

关键词： TA Metabolic recruitment of spinal locomotion Figure

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A genome-wide association analysis implicates SOX6 as a candidate gene for wrist bone mass

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2010年第9期53卷 1065-1072页

作者： shawn LEVY Vanderbilt Microarray Shared Resource Vanderbilt University

Osteoporosis is a highly heritable common bone disease leading to fractures that severely impair the life quality of *** fractures caused by osteoporosis are largely due to the scarcity of wrist bone *** we report the results of a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of wrist bone mineral density (BMD).We examined ～500000 SNp markers in 1000 unrelated homogeneous Caucasian subjects and found a novel allelic association with wrist BMD at rs11023787 in the SOX6 (SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 6) gene (p=9.00×10-5).Subjects carrying the C allele of rs11023787 in SOX6 had significantly higher mean wrist BMD values than those with the T allele (0.485:0.462 g cm-2 for C allele vs.T allele carriers).For validation,we performed SOX6 association for BMD in an independent Chinese sample and found that SNp rs11023787 was significantly associated with wrist BMD in the Chinese sample (p=6.41×10-3).Meta-analyses of the GWAS scan and the replication studies yielded p-values of 5.20×10-6 for *** of this study,together with the functional relevance of SOX6 in cartilage formation,support the SOX6 gene as an important gene for BMD variation.

关键词： osteoporosis GWAS SOX6 SNps wrist BMD

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MicroRNA expression and function in prostate cancer： a review of current knowledge and opportunities for discovery

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2016年第4期18卷 559-567页

作者： Binod Kumar shawn E Lupold The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute Department of Urology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA.

MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are well-conserved noncoding RNAs that broadly regulate gene expression through posttranscriptional silencing of coding genes. Dysregulated miRNA expression in prostate and other cancers implicates their role in cancer biology. Moreover, functional studies provide support for the contribution of miRNAs to several key pathways in cancer initiation and progression. Comparative analyses of miRNA gene expression between malignant and nonmalignant prostate tissues, healthy controls and prostate cancer （pCa） patients, as well as less aggressive versus more aggressive disease indicate that miRNAs may be future diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers in tumor tissue, blood, or urine. Further, miRNAs may be future therapeutics or therapeutic targets. In this review, we examine the miRNAs most commonly observed to be de-regulated in pCa gene expression analyses and review the potential contribution of these miRNAs to important pathways in pCa initiation and progression.

关键词： miRNA prostate cancer noncoding RNA

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Demystifying Mechanosensitive piezo Ion Channels

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2016年第3期32卷 307-309页

作者： X.Z.shawn Xu Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular and Integrative physiology University of Michigan

Mechanosensitive channels mediate touch,hearing,proprioception,and blood pressure *** proteins,including piezo1 and piezo2,represent a new class of mechanosensitive channels that have been reported to play key roles in most,if not all,of these *** structural architecture and molecular mechanisms by which piezos act as mechanosensitive channels,however,remain *** new studies have now provided critical insights into the atomic structure and molecular basis of the ion permeation and mechano-gating properties of the piezo1 channel.

关键词： Mechanosensation Mechanosensory echanotransduction Mechanical Cryo-EM piezo

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Experimental and modeling study of de novo formation of pCDD/pCDF on MSW fly ash

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第1期19卷 117-122页

作者： LI Xiao-dong ZHANG Ji YAN Jian-hua CEN Ke-fa RYAN shawn p GULLETT Brian K LEE Chunwai State key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Institute for Thermal Power Engineering Zhefiang University Hangzhou 310027 China U.S. Environmental protection Agency Office of Research and Development National Risk Management Research Laboratory E305-01 Research Triangle Park North Carolina 27711 USA

The effect of sulfur dioxide （SO2） on the formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins （pCDDs） and polychlorinated dibenzofurans （pCDFs） has been studied in an entrained-flow reactor （EFR） under simulated waste combustion conditions. A chlorination model based on conditional probability was employed to evaluate the homologue patterns of pCDDs and pCDFs. Results revealed that the presence of SO2 did not alter the formation pathway although SO2 suppressed pCDD/F formation. The prediction model of pCDF showed good agreement with the experimental data （R--0.95）, whereas the prediction for pCDDs did not correlate well with the experimental data. This may be explained because potential chlorination pathways play a significant role in pCDF formation, whereas pCDDs are mainly formed through condensation reactions. Furthermore, the result indicated that the steric hindrance during formation has more effects on pCDD than on pCDF due to the symmetric molecular structures of pCDDs.

关键词： pCDDs pCDFs de novo synthesis formation chlorination model sulfur dioxide air pollution waste combustion

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Measurement of bullet impact conditions using automated in-flight photography system

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2017年第4期13卷 288-294页

作者： Ryan Decker Marco Duca shawn Spickert-Fulton Armament Research Design and Engineering Center 94 Ramsey Avenue Picatinny Arsenal NJ 07806 USA

Knowledge of impact conditions is critical to evaluating the terminal impact performance of a *** a small caliber bullet,in-flight velocity has been precisely measured for decades using detection screens,but accurately quantifying the orientation of the bullet on a target has been more *** report introduces the Automated Small-Arms photogrammetry(ASAp)analysis method used to measure,model,and predict the orientation of a small caliber bullet before reaching an impact *** uses advanced hardware developed by Sydor Technologies to record a series of infrared digital *** images(four orthogonal pairs)are processed using computer vision algorithms to quantify the orientation of the projectile and re-project its precise position and orientation into a three-dimensional muzzle-fixed coordinate *** epicyclic motion model is fit to the measured data,and the epicyclic motion is extrapolated to the target *** results are fairly immediate and may be reviewed during ***-out demonstrations have shown that the impact-angle prediction capability is less than six hundredths of a degree for the 5.56 mm ball round ***:Yaw,Terminal ballistics,Exterior ballistics,Test&evaluation,Computer vision,Image processing,Angle of

关键词： Terminal ballistics Exterior ballistics Test & evaluation Computer vision Image processing Angle of attack

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