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Three-dimensional distinct element modeling of fault reactivation and induced seismicity due to hydraulic fracturing injection and backflow

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2020年第4期12卷 752-767页

作者： Zirui Yin Hongwei Huang Fengshou Zhang Lianyang Zhang shawn maxwell Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education Tongji UniversityShanghai200092China Department of Geotechnical Engineering College of Civil EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai200092China Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering and Mechanics University of ArizonaTucsonAZ85721USA MaxSeis LLC. CalgaryAlbertaT2P 3N9Canada

This paper presents a three-dimensional fully hydro-mechanical coupled distinct element study on fault reactivation and induced seismicity due to hydraulic fracturing injection and subsequent backflow process,based on the geological data in Horn River Basin,Northeast British Columbia,*** modeling results indicate that the maximum magnitude of seismic events appears at the fracturing *** increment of fluid volume in the fault determines the cumulative moment and maximum fault slippage,both of which are essentially proportional to the fluid *** backflow starts,the fluid near the joint intersection keeps flowing into the critically stressed fault,rather than backflows to the *** fault slippage is affected by the changes of both pore pressure and ambient rock stress,their contributions are different at fracturing and backflow *** fracturing stage,pore pressure change shows a dominant effect on induced fault *** at backflow stage,because the fault plane is under a critical stress state,any minor disturbance would trigger a fault *** energy analysis indicates that aseismic deformation takes up a majority of the total deformation energy during hydraulic fracturing.A common regularity is found in both fracturing-and backflow-induced seismicity that the cumulative moment and maximum fault slippage are nearly proportional to the injected fluid *** study shows some novel insights into interpreting fracturing-and backflowinduced seismicity,and provides useful information for controlling and mitigating seismic hazards due to hydraulic fracturing.

关键词： Induced seismicity Fault reactivation Hydraulic fracturing Backflow Geomechanical modeling Distinct element method

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A genome-wide association analysis implicates SOX6 as a candidate gene for wrist bone mass

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2010年第9期53卷 1065-1072页

作者： shawn LEVY Vanderbilt Microarray Shared Resource Vanderbilt University

Osteoporosis is a highly heritable common bone disease leading to fractures that severely impair the life quality of *** fractures caused by osteoporosis are largely due to the scarcity of wrist bone *** we report the results of a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of wrist bone mineral density (BMD).We examined ～500000 SNP markers in 1000 unrelated homogeneous Caucasian subjects and found a novel allelic association with wrist BMD at rs11023787 in the SOX6 (SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 6) gene (P=9.00×10-5).Subjects carrying the C allele of rs11023787 in SOX6 had significantly higher mean wrist BMD values than those with the T allele (0.485:0.462 g cm-2 for C allele vs.T allele carriers).For validation,we performed SOX6 association for BMD in an independent Chinese sample and found that SNP rs11023787 was significantly associated with wrist BMD in the Chinese sample (P=6.41×10-3).Meta-analyses of the GWAS scan and the replication studies yielded P-values of 5.20×10-6 for *** of this study,together with the functional relevance of SOX6 in cartilage formation,support the SOX6 gene as an important gene for BMD variation.

关键词： osteoporosis GWAS SOX6 SNPs wrist BMD

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MicroRNA expression and function in prostate cancer： a review of current knowledge and opportunities for discovery

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2016年第4期18卷 559-567页

作者： Binod Kumar shawn E Lupold The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute Department of Urology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA.

MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are well-conserved noncoding RNAs that broadly regulate gene expression through posttranscriptional silencing of coding genes. Dysregulated miRNA expression in prostate and other cancers implicates their role in cancer biology. Moreover, functional studies provide support for the contribution of miRNAs to several key pathways in cancer initiation and progression. Comparative analyses of miRNA gene expression between malignant and nonmalignant prostate tissues, healthy controls and prostate cancer （PCa） patients, as well as less aggressive versus more aggressive disease indicate that miRNAs may be future diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers in tumor tissue, blood, or urine. Further, miRNAs may be future therapeutics or therapeutic targets. In this review, we examine the miRNAs most commonly observed to be de-regulated in PCa gene expression analyses and review the potential contribution of these miRNAs to important pathways in PCa initiation and progression.

关键词： miRNA prostate cancer noncoding RNA

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Experimental investigation of sediment transport in partially ice-covered channels

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2023年第5期38卷 769-779页

作者： Mina Rouzegar shawn P.Clark Department of Civil Engineering University of Manitoba

It is important to understand the effects of ice cover on sediment transport in cold climates, where subfreezing temperatures affect water bodies for a significant part of the year. The literature contains many studies on sediment transport in open channel flow, and several studies on sediment transport in completely ice-covered flow. There has been little or no research on sediment transport in partially icecovered channels. In the current study, laboratory experiments were done in a rectangular flume to quantify the impact of border ice presence on the sediment transport rate. The effects of ice cover extent and changing flow strengths on sediment transport distribution also were investigated, and the results were compared to those for fully ice-covered and open channel flow. The ice coverage ratios considered were 0(representing the open water condition), 0.25, 0.50, 0.67, and 1(representing fully ice-covered flow). The partial ice cover was found to impact the sediment transport distribution within the channel. The effect of ice coverage extent on sediment transport distribution was more significant at lower flow strengths and became negligible at higher flow strengths. The conventional equations for sediment transport in open channel flow and fully ice-covered flow that relate the dimensionless bedload transport rate to the flow strength were found to be applicable to estimate the total cross-section-averaged bedload transport for partially ice-covered flow when modified appropriately. Empirical coefficients for these equations were determined using the experimental data.

关键词： Sediment transport Bedload Ice-covered channel Border ice

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Measurement of bullet impact conditions using automated in-flight photography system

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2017年第4期13卷 288-294页

作者： Ryan Decker Marco Duca shawn Spickert-Fulton Armament Research Design and Engineering Center 94 Ramsey Avenue Picatinny Arsenal NJ 07806 USA

Knowledge of impact conditions is critical to evaluating the terminal impact performance of a *** a small caliber bullet,in-flight velocity has been precisely measured for decades using detection screens,but accurately quantifying the orientation of the bullet on a target has been more *** report introduces the Automated Small-Arms Photogrammetry(ASAP)analysis method used to measure,model,and predict the orientation of a small caliber bullet before reaching an impact *** uses advanced hardware developed by Sydor Technologies to record a series of infrared digital *** images(four orthogonal pairs)are processed using computer vision algorithms to quantify the orientation of the projectile and re-project its precise position and orientation into a three-dimensional muzzle-fixed coordinate *** epicyclic motion model is fit to the measured data,and the epicyclic motion is extrapolated to the target *** results are fairly immediate and may be reviewed during ***-out demonstrations have shown that the impact-angle prediction capability is less than six hundredths of a degree for the 5.56 mm ball round ***:Yaw,Terminal ballistics,Exterior ballistics,Test&evaluation,Computer vision,Image processing,Angle of

关键词： Terminal ballistics Exterior ballistics Test & evaluation Computer vision Image processing Angle of attack

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The substrates of Plk1, beyond the functions in mitosis

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Protein & Cell 2010年第11期1卷 999-1010页

作者： X.shawn Liu Bing Song Xiaoqi Liu Department of Biochemistry Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndiana 47907USA Department of Biological Sciences Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndiana 47907USA Center for Cancer Research Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndiana 47907USA

Polo-like kinase 1(Plk1)is a key regulator of cell division in eukaryotic *** this short review,we briefly summarized the well-established functions modulated by Plk1 during *** mitosis,we focused mainly on the unexpected processes in which Plk1 emerges as a critical player,including microtubule dynamics,DNA replication,chromosome dynamics,p53 regulation,and recovery from the G2 DNA-damage *** discussion is mainly based on the critical substrates targeted by Plk1 during these cellular events and the functional significance associated with each phosphorylation event.

关键词： Polo-like kinase 1 phosphorylation substrates

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Predicting the Thermal Behavior in Functional Textile Fibers Having Embedded Electronics

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Advanced Fiber Materials 2022年第6期4卷 1609-1619页

作者： Shaun Berry shawn Redmond Tairan Wang Mordechai Rothschild MIT Lincoln Laboratory 244 Wood StreetLexingtonMA 02421USA

In this paper,both steady-state and transient thermal simulations were performed on functional fibers having an embedded electronic chip acting as a heat *** were conducted for a range of different fiber materials and arbitrary fiber cross-sectional *** show that under steady-state heating conditions,the thermal response for any arbitrary fiber shape and fiber material system was convection dominated regardless of the effective thermal conductivity of the fiber,and that the corresponding temperature rise within the fiber can be predicted analytically allowing for the maximum temperature to be estimated for any known heat load and fiber *** the case of transient heating,we show that for pulsed power operation of the embedded electronic device,the maximum temperature reached in the fiber is always greater than the maximum temperature of the equivalent steady-state average ***,high peak powers can be safely achieved if the power-on pulse time and duty cycle are selected to limit the maximum temperature reached in the *** on the results from the transient simulations,a set of criteria was developed to determine whether the operating conditions would be:(1)allowable for the fiber system,thus requiring no transient simulations,(2)requiring a transient simulation to verify that the maximum temperature is acceptable,and(3)the operating conditions are too severe and device operation at these conditions are not practical.

关键词： Functional fibers Smart fibers Thermal modeling Fabrics MOEMS

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Intrinsic Bayesian estimation of linear time series models

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Statistical Theory and Related Fields 2021年第4期5卷 275-287页

作者： shawn Ni Dongchu Sun Department of Economics University of MissouriColumbiaMOUSA School of Statistics East China Normal UniversityShanghaiPeople's Republic of China Department of Statistics University of MissouriColumbiaMOUSA

Intrinsic loss functions(such as the Kullback-Leibler divergence,*** entropy loss)have been used extensively in place of conventional loss functions for independent *** applica-tions in serially correlated samples are *** the present study,we examine Bayes estimator of Linear Time Series(LTS)model under the entropy *** derive the Bayes estimator and show that it involves a frequentist expectation of *** propose a Markov Chain Monte Carlo procedure that jointly simulates the posteriors of the LTS parameters with frequentist expecta-tion of *** conduct Bayesian estimation of an LTS model for seasonal effects in some *** variables.

关键词： entropy loss latent parameters reference prior

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On generalized symmetries and structure of modular categories

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Science China Mathematics 2019年第3期62卷 417-446页

作者： shawn Xingshan Cui Modjtaba Shokrian Zini Zhenghan Wang Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics Stanford University Department of Mathematics Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Department of Mathematics University of California at Santa Barbara Microsoft Station Q

Pursuing a generalization of group symmetries of modular categories to category symmetries in topological phases of matter, we study linear Hopf monads. The main goal is a generalization of extension and gauging group symmetries to category symmetries of modular categories, which include also categorical Hopf algebras as special cases. As an application, we propose an analogue of the classification of finite simple groups to modular categories, where we define simple modular categories as the prime ones without any nontrivial normal algebras.

关键词： modular category category symmetry Hopf monad tensor functor

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Impact of nanografting on the local structure of ternary self-assembled monolayers

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Nano Research 2015年第6期8卷 2102-2114页

作者： Donglei Bu shawn Riechers Jian Liang Gang-yu Liu Department of Chemistry University of California Davis California 95616 USA

Prior studies using single and binary adsorbates indicate that nanografting impacts the reaction pathways and local structure of self-assembled monolayers （SAMs）. This work explores the influence of nanografting in the case of ternary SAMs. Using atomic force microscopy （AFM） as both a nanografting and imaging tool, the local structures of two ternary SAMs, SC14：SSC10CHO：SC2COOH and SC18：SSC10CHO：SC2COOH, formed under natural growth and nanografting were imaged and compared. The results indicate that nanografting impacts the degree of phase segregation and the domain height in ternary SAMs. In addition to the previously known effect of altering self-assembly pathways, this study reveals an additional impact for these ternary systems： By shaving over the previous trajectory （grafted region）, nanografting could start exchange reactions and lateral movement of surface-bound thiols, which leads to new and somewhat unanticipated local structures.

关键词： self-assembledmonolayers ternary SAMs nanografting surface phases atomic force microscopy

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