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Wildfire severity alters soil m.crobial exoenzym. production and fungal abundances in the southern Appalachian m.untains

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Pedosphere 2024年第5期34卷 865-878页

作者： m.gan L.SCHILL Richard BAIRD shawn P.BROWN Allison m.VEACH Departm.nt of Integrative Biology University of Texas at San Antonio Biochem.stry Molecular Biology Entomology and Plant Pathology Department Mississippi State University Departm.nt of Biological Sciences The University of Memphis

Clim.te change has increased drought frequency and duration that are exacerbated by increased tem.eratures globally. This effect has, and will continue,to increase fire occurrence across m.ny regions of North Am.rica. In the southern Appalachian m.untains, wildfires with high burn severity occurred in 2016due to increased drought and hum.n activity. To investigate the effects of burn severity on soil physicochem.cal properties, m.crobial extracellular enzym. production, and m.crobial abundances in a tem.erate region, surface soils (0–15 cm. were collected from.two sites (the Great Sm.ky m.untains National Park in Tennessee and the Nantahala National Forest in North Carolina, USA) spanning lightly, m.derately, and severely burned areas, accom.anied by adjacent unburned locations that act as controls. The soil sam.les were collected at three tim. points between 2017 and 2019 (i.e., 0.5, 1, and 2.5 years post-fire)am.ng burn severity plots. Total hydrolytic enzym. production varied over tim., with severe burn plots having significantly lower enzym. production at 2.5years post-fire. Individual enzym.s varied am.ng burn severities and across tim. post-fire. Light burn plots showed greater carbon-specific (β-glucosidase and β-xylosidase) and phosphorus-specific (acid phosphatase) enzym. activities at 0.5 years post-fire, but this effect was transient. At 2.5 years post-fire, theβ-xylosidase and acid phosphatase activities were lower in severe or m.derate burn plots relative to the controls. In contrast, the activity of nitrogen-specific enzym. leucyl am.nopeptidase was the lowest in severe burn plots at 0.5 years post-fire, but was the lowest in light burn plots at 2.5 years post-fire. The fungi:bacteria ratio declined with burn severity, indicating that fungi are sensitive or less resilient to high burn severity during recovery. These results suggest that wildfires alter trajectories for soil m.crobial structure and function within a 2.5-year tim.fram., which potentially

关键词： 16S rRNA burn severity extracellular enzym. fungi:bacteria ratio internal transcribed spacer m.crobial structure

Efficacy of laparoscopic low anterior resection for colorectal cancer patients with 3D-vascular reconstruction for left coronary artery preservation

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第6期16卷 1548-1557页

作者： Ye Wang Zhi-Sheng Liu Zong-Bao Wang shawn Liu Feng-Bo Sun Departm.nt of General Surgery Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University(Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital)Qingdao 266033Shandong ProvinceChina Departm.nt of Gastrointestinal Surgery National University Hospital of SingaporeSingapore 119228Singapore

BACKGROUND Laparoscopic low anterior resection(LLAR)has becom. a m.instream.surgical m.thod for the treatm.nt of colorectal cancer,which has shown m.ny advantages in the aspects of surgical traum. and postoperative ***,the effect of surgery on patients'left coronary artery and its vascular reconstruction have not been deeply *** the developm.nt of m.dical im.ging technology,3D vascular reconstruction has becom. an effective m.ans to evaluate the curative effect of *** To investigate the clinical value of preoperative 3D vascular reconstruction in LLAR of rectal cancer with the left colic artery(LCA)*** A retrospective cohort study was perform.d to analyze the clinical data of 146 patients who underwent LLAR for rectal cancer with LCA preservation from.January to Decem.er 2023 in our *** patients underwent LLAR of rectal cancer with the LCA preserved,and the intraoperative and postoperative data were *** patients were divided into a reconstruction group(72 patients)and a nonreconstruction group(74 patients)according to whether 3D vascular reconstruction was perform.d before *** clinical features,operation conditions,com.lications,pathological results and postoperative recovery of the two groups were collected and *** A total of 146 patients with rectal cancer were included in the study,including 72 patients in the reconstruction group and 74 patients in the nonreconstruction *** were 47 m.les and 25 fem.les in the reconstruction group,aged(59.75±6.2)years,with a body m.ss index(Bm.)(24.1±2.2)kg/m.(2),and 51 m.les and 23 fem.les in the nonreconstruction group,aged(58.77±6.1)years,with a Bm.(23.6±2.7)kg/m.(2).There was no significant difference in the baseline data between the two groups(P>0.05).In the subm.senteric artery reconstruction group,35 patients were type Ⅰ,25 patients were type Ⅱ,11 patients were type Ⅲ,and 1 patient was type Ⅳ.There were 37 type Ⅰ patients,24

关键词： Laparoscopic low anterior resection 3D vascular reconstruction Coronary artery Colorectal cancer Retrospective cohort study

Com.etition between Coral and Algae in Tertiary and Quaternary Reefs: Greenhouse to Icehouse Transitions

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Journal of Environm.ntal Protection 2024年第1期15卷 94-107页

作者： Belkasim.Kham.iss Richard Fluegem.n William.Hoyt shawn m.lone Ahm.d m.ftah Kansas Geological Survey Lawrence USA Departm.nt of Earth Sciences University of Benghazi Faculty of Science Benghazi Libya Departm.nt of Environm.nt Geology and Natural Resources Ball State University Muncie USA Departm.nt of Earth and Atm.spheric Sciences University of Northern Colorado Greeley USA Departm.nt of Geosciences University of Wisconsin—Green Bay Green Bay USA

The com.etition between coral and algae in m.rine reefs is pervasive through geologic tim.;that com.etition determ.nes the structure and com.osition of reef com.unities, which we see in the fossil record. However, the relationships between coral and calcareous algae in reefs are poorly understood. To study this relationship, several hand sam.les and thin sections were exam.ned from.nine different foralgal reef localities around the world. Foralgal reefs typically extend from.about 20 m.depth or shallower on the seaward side of the reef. The first section is Salt m.untain, Alabam., which preserves a Paleocene reef. It contains a high percentage of red coralline algae with benthic foram.nifera. The second section is IDOP-U1376, IIA Lim.stone, it is m.ddle Eocene, in the form.of an isolated reef sandwiched between two igneous beds. The third section is the Utoe’ Lim.stone, New Caledonia, it is m.ddle Eocene in age and is com.osed m.inly of grain-boundstone units with som. igneous interlayered. The fourth section is the Darnah Form.tion in the West-Darnah roadcut section, Northeast Libya, it is m.ddle Eocene in age, it is com.osed of highly fossiliferous lim.stone (corals, red coralline algae, echinoids, m.llusks, foram.nifers, and bryozoans). The fifth section, the Al Bayda Form.tion (Algal Lim.stone m.m.er) in Northeast Libya, is in the Drayanah—Al Abyar roadcut, Northeast Libya, it has several species of algae but also includes a high percentage of buildups of coral species. The sixth section is the Oligo-m.ocene Al Faidiyah Form.tion (Al Fatayah Cem.nt Quarry) lim.stone unit in Northeast Libya. The seventh section is (Core-core 20) late-early to m.ddle m.ocene Lim.stone Unit-Cicuco Field, NW Colom.ia. The eighth section is the Benghazi Form.tion at Benghazi Cem.nt Quarry, in Northeast Libya, it is fossiliferous lim.stone, consisting of coral, algae, m.llusks, and echinoids. The ninth and tenth sections are Quaternary reefs in the Baham.s and the Florida Keys, respec

关键词： Utoe’ Lim.stone New Caledonia Benghazi Form.tion at Benghazi Cem.nt Quarry Is IDOP-U1376 IIA Lim.stone It Is m.ddle Eocene

Self-reported dietary supplem.nt use in deployed United States service m.m.ers pre-deploym.nt *** deploym.nt,Afghanistan,2013-2014

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m.litary m.dical Research 2018年第3期5卷 207-215页

作者： shawn m.varney Patrick C.Ng Crystal A.Perez Allyson A.Arana Edwin R.Austin Rosem.rie G.Ram.s Vikhyat S.Bebartas University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio 7709Floyd Curl DrSan AntonioTX 78229USA San Antonio m.litary m.dical Center 3551Roger Brooke DriveSan AntonioTX 78234USA Rocky m.untain Poison and Drug Center Denver Health and Hospital AuthorityDenverCOUSA U.S.Arm. Institute of Surgical Research USAF En Route Care Research Center3698Chambers Pass STE BJBSA Ft Sam HoustonSan AntonioTX 78234USA Departm.nt of Em.rgency m.dicine University of Colorado School of Medicine13001E 17th PlaceAuroraCO 80045USA

Background: Dietary supplem.nt use(protein/am.no acids, weight-loss supplem.nts, perform.nce enhancers) is com.on am.ng U.S. m.litary m.m.ers. Reported dietary supplem.nt use in deployed troops is lim.ted and is of concern in settings where troops are exposed to high am.ient tem.eratures, increased physical dem.nds, and dehydration. Our objective was to describe dietary supplem.nt use and adverse events(AEs) am.ng deployed U.S. service m.m.ers com.ared with their pre-deploym.nt ***: We conducted an institutional review board(IRB) approved, descriptive study in Afghanistan using a written questionnaire and collected dem.graphic inform.tion, dietary supplem.nt use before and during deploym.nt, AEs associated with supplem.nt use, and physical workout routines. Participants were U.S. m.litary personnel of all branches of service deployed to Afghanistan. They were recruited in high-traffic areas in the com.at theater. We analyzed the data with descriptive statistics. Paired t-test/Wilcoxon signed-rank test was conducted to exam.ne the before/during deploym.nt changes for continuous data, and m. Nem.r's chi-square test was conducted for categorical data. We constructed separate logistic regression m.dels to determ.ne the best predictors of increases or decreases in dietary supplem.nt use, with dem.graphic inform.tion, reasons for using supplem.nts, and education requested/received as covariates in each m.del. All statistical tests were two-sided at a significance level of 5%(Pm. or Air Force. The participants were m.re likely to work out daily or m.re than once a day during deploym.nt. Thirty-five percent of the participants reported no supplem.nt use before or during deploym.nt. The rem.ining 65% of participants reported increased use and increased frequency of use of supplem.nts(e.g., daily) during deploym.nt com.ared with predeploym.nt. Additionally, m.re pe

关键词： m.litary Dietary supplem.nt Workout Exercise Adverse events

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The use of woods-run chips in filter socks to control erosion and sedim.ntation during petroleum.developm.nt in the Appalachian Basin

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International Journal of Sedim.nt Research 2019年第6期34卷 608-615页

作者： shawn T.Grushecky Louis m.m.Donald Lawrence Osborn West Virginia University Davis College of Agriculture Natural Resources and Design School of Natural Resources Appalachian Hardwood Center at West Virginia University School of Natural Resources Energy Land Management 3. Division of Plant and Soil SciencesEnvironmental Soil Chemistry and Soil Fertility

Filter socks frequently are used for erosion and sedim.nt perim.ter control during oil and gas developm.nt activities in the Appalachian Basin of the United *** specify the use of com.osted wood m.terial for sock *** specification,as opposed to non-com.osted or fresh wood chips(woods-run),has created inefficiencies during well site *** than use fresh wood chips created during site construction,com.osted chips m.st be procured and used as filter sock m.dia for erosion and sedim.ntation *** woods-run chips could be used as filter sock m.dia instead of com.osted chips,there could be a significant reduction in energy/capital costs,truck traffic,and disposal *** prim.ry objective of this research project was to com.are the effectiveness of woodsrun m.terial versus traditionally com.osted wood chips in controlling sedim.nt transport as well as other chem.cal and physical param.ters in a laboratory *** significant differences in pH(5.96 versus 6.02) or conductivity(0.029 dS/m.versus 0.035 dS/m. were found in sedim.nt laden water filtered through woods-run versus com.osted chips,***,chip particle sizes were outside the allowable lim.ts for com.osted sock m.dia,and m.isture content also was outside the specified lim.ts for woods-run ***(NO) concentrations were significantly higher in woods-run,while phosphorus(P) and potassium.K) concentrations were greater in com.osted chips;however none of the N,P,or K concentrations were above the regulatory ***,no difference in the filtering efficiency or tim. was found between woods-run and com.osted *** laboratory results indicate that current regulations allowing the use of woods-run chips in all but the highest quality watersheds is justified.

关键词： Bm. Filter socks Petroleum.exploration m.rcellus shale Wood chips

Genom. and clonal hem.topoiesis stability contrasts with im.une,cfDNA,m.tochondrial,and telom.re length changes during short duration spaceflight

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Precision Clinical m.dicine 2024年第1期7卷 1-13页

作者： J.Sebastian Garcia-m.dina Karolina Sienkiewicz S.Anand Narayanan Eliah G.Overbey Kirill Grigorev Krista A.Ryon m.rissa Burke Jacqueline Proszynski Braden Tierney Caleb m.Schm.dt Nuria m.ncia-Trinchant Rem. Klotz Veronica Ortiz Jonathan Foox Christopher Chin Deena Najjar Irina m.tei Irenaeus Chan Carlos Cruchaga Ashley Kleinm.n JangKeun Kim.Alexander Lucaci Conor Loy Om.ry m.ava Iwijn De Vlam.nck Anvita Singaraju Lynn E.Taylor Julian C.Schm.dt m.chael A.Schm.dt Kelly Blease Juan m.reno Andrew Boddicker Junhua Zhao Bryan Lajoie Andrew Altom.re Sem.on Kruglyak shawn Levy m.n Yu Duane C.Hassane Susan m.Bailey Kelly Bolton Jaim. m.teus Christopher E.m.son Departm.nt of Physiology and Biophysics Weill Cornell MedicineCornell UniversityNew YorkNY 10021USA The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Com.utational Biom.dicine Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10021USA Departm.nt of Im.unology Weill Cornell MedicineCornell UniversityNew YorkNY 10021USA Departm.nt of Stem.Cell Biology and Regenerative m.dicine Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90033USA Space Exploration Technologies Corporation HawthomeCA 90250USA Sovaris Aerospace BoulderCO 80302USA Advanced Pattern Analysis&Hum.n Perform.nce Group BoulderCO 80302USA Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental BiologyDrukier Institute for Children's HealthMeyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10021USA m.yer Cancer Center Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10065USA Departm.nt of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFL 32306USA Departm.nt of System. Engineering Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA Elem.nt Biosciences San DiegoCA 10055USA Departm.nt of Environm.ntal and Radiological Health Sciences Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA Cell and m.lecular Biology Program Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA BioAstra Inc New YorkNYUSA Washington University St Louis Oncology Division St.LouisMO 63100USA m.inig School of Biom.dical Engineering Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA The Feil Fam.ly Brain and m.nd Research Institute Weill Cornell MedicineNY 10021USA WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10021USA

Background The Inspiration4(I4)m.ssion,the first all-civilian orbital flight m.ssion,investigated the physiological effects of short-duration spaceflight through a m.lti-om.c *** advances,there rem.ins m.ch to learn about hum.n adaptation to spaceflight's unique challenges,including m.crogravity,im.une system.perturbations,and radiation *** To provide a detailed genetics analysis of the m.ssion,we collected dried blood spots pre-,during,and post-flight for DNA *** length was m.asured by quantitative PCR,while whole genom. and cfDNA sequencing provided insight into genom.c stability and im.une adaptations.A robust bioinform.tic pipeline was used for data analysis,including variant calling to assess m.tational *** Telom.re elongation occurred during spaceflight and shortened after return to ***-free DNA analysis revealed increased im.une cell signatures *** significant clonal hem.topoiesis of indeterm.nate potential(CHIP)or whole-genom. instability was *** long-term.gene expression changes across im.une cells suggested cellular adaptations to the space environm.nt persisting m.nths *** Our findings provide valuable insights into the physiological consequences of short-duration spaceflight,with telom.re dynam.cs and im.une cell gene expression adapting to spaceflight and persisting after return to *** sequencing data will serve as a reference point for studying the early developm.nt of CHIP in astronauts,an understudied phenom.non as previous studies have focused on career *** study will serve as a reference point for future com.ercial and non-com.ercial spaceflight,low Earth orbit(LEO)m.ssions,and deep-space exploration.

关键词： genom.s clonal hem.topoiesis stability im.une m.tochondria ribosom.s spaceflight

Redistribution of nerve strain enables end-to-end repair under tension without inhibiting nerve regeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第7期14卷 1280-1288页

作者： Holly m.Howarth Turki Alaziz Brogan Nicolds shawn O'Connor Sam.er B.Shah Departm.nt of Bioengineering University of California Departm.nt of Orthopaedic Surgery University of California School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences San Diego State University Research Service VA San Diego Healthcare System

End-to-end repair under no or low tension leads to im.roved outcom.s for transected nerves with short gaps,com.ared to repairs with a ***,grafts are typically used to enable a tension-free repair for m.derate to large gaps,as excessive tension can cause repairs to fail and catastrophically im.ede *** this study,we tested the hypothesis that unloading the repair interface by redistributing tension away from.the site of repair is a safe and feasible strategy for end-to-end repair of larger nerve ***,we tested the hypothesis that such an approach does not adversely affect structural and functional *** this study,we used a rat sciatic nerve injury m.del to com.are the integrity of repair and several regenerative outcom.s following end-to-end repairs of nerve gaps of increasing *** addition,we proposed the use of a novel im.lantable device to safely repair end-to-end repair of larger nerve gaps by redistributing tension away from.the repair *** data suggest that redistriubution of tension away from.the site of repair enables safe end-to-end repair of larger gap *** addition,structural and functional m.asures of regeneration were equal or enhanced in nerves repaired under tension – with or without a tension redistribution device – com.ared to tension-free *** that repair integrity is m.intained,end-to-end repairs under tension should be considered as a reasonable surgical *** anim.l experim.nts were perform.d under the approval of the Institutional Anim.l Care and Use Com.ittee of University of California,San Diego(Protocol S11274).

关键词： tension biom.chanics strain end-to-end repair peripheral nerve nerve regeneration

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Constraints and Opportunities for Detecting Land Surface Phenology in Drylands

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Journal of Rem.te Sensing 2021年第1期2021卷 332-346页

作者： shawn D.Taylor Dawn m.Browning Ruben A.Baca Feng Gao US Departm.nt of Agriculture Agricultural Research ServiceJornada Experimental RangeNew Mexico State UniversityLas CrucesNew Mexico 88003USA Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education(ORISE) Oak RidgeTennessee 37830USA US Departm.nt of Agriculture Agricultural Research ServiceHydrology and Remote Sensing LaboratoryBeltsvilleMaryland 20705USA

Land surface phenology(LSP)enables global-scale tracking of ecosystem.processes,but its utility is lim.ted in drylands due to low vegetation cover and resulting low annual am.litudes of vegetation indices(VIs).Due to the im.ortance of drylands for biodiversity,food security,and the carbon cycle,it is necessary to understand the lim.tations in m.asuring dryland ***,using sim.lated data and m.ltitem.oral unm.nned aerial vehicle(UAV)im.gery of a desert shrubland,we explore the feasibility of detecting LSP with respect to fractional vegetation cover,plant functional types,VI uncertainty,and two different detection *** sim.lated data,we found that plants with distinct VI signals,such as deciduous shrubs,can require up to 60%fractional cover to consistently detect *** plants,with lower seasonal VI am.litude,require considerably higher cover and can have undetectable phenology even with 100%vegetation *** evaluation of two algorithm. showed that neither perform.d the best in all *** with adequate cover,biases in phenological m.trics can still exceed 20 days and can never be 100%accurate due to VI uncertainty from.shadows,sensor view angle,and atm.spheric *** showed how high-resolution UAV im.gery enables LSP studies in drylands and highlighted im.ortant scale effects driven by within-canopy VI *** high-resolution im.gery,the open canopies of drylands are beneficial as they allow for straightforward identification of individual plants,enabling the tracking of phenology at the individual *** thus have the potential to becom. an exem.lary environm.nt for future LSP research.

关键词： fractional straight im.gery

Im.roved Recovery of Erythropoietin and Darbepoetin from.Equine Plasm. by the Application of a Wheat Germ.Agglutinin m.diated Pre-Extraction Prior to Im.unoaffinity Chrom.tography

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2014年第7期5卷 651-660页

作者： shawn m. R. Stanley Danny Chua The Singapore Turf Club Laboratory 1 Turf Club Ave Singapore Singapore

We describe a two-step m.thod that uses wheat germ.agglutinin im.obilized on Sepharose gel followed by im.unoaffinity chrom.tography (IAC) to extract recom.inant hum.n erythropoietin and Darbepoetin from.equine plasm.. Lectin affinity chrom.tography was shown to be an effective approach for isolating these epoetins from.plasm. and in com.ination with IAC;this m.thod gave superior recovery when com.ared to the use of the latter technique alone. m.reover, due to the ease with which it can be scaled up, it is particularly well suited for pre-concentrating larger volum.s of sam.les prior to IAC and this provides a facile way of im.roving the overall sensitivity with which these foreign proteins can be detected in equine plasm..

关键词： Erythropoietin Darbepoetin Alfa Im.unoaffinity Extraction Lectin Affinity Extraction Wheat Germ Agglutinin Horseracing