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Impact of rewilding,species introductions and climate change on the structure and function of the Yukon boreal forest ecosystem

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第2期13卷 123-138页

作者： Rudy BOONSTRA Stan BOUTIN Thomas S.jUNG Charles j.KREBS shawn TAYLOR Department of Biological Sciences University of Toronto ScarboroughTorontoOntarioCanada Department of Biological Sciences University of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada Department of Environment Government of YukonWhitehorseYukonCanada Department of Zoology University of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada

Community and ecosystem changes are happening in the pristine boreal forest ecosystem of the Yukon for 2 ***,climate change is affecting the abiotic environment(temperature,rainfall and growing season)and driving changes in plant productivity and predator-prey ***,simultaneously change is occurring because of mammal species reintroductions and *** key ecological question is the impact these faunal changes will have on trophic *** productivity in the boreal forest is increasing because of climatic warming,but plant species composition is unlikely to change significantly during the next 50-100 *** 9-10-year population cycle of snowshoe hares will persist but could be reduced in amplitude if winter weather increases predator hunting *** rodents have increased in abundance because of increased vegetation *** ground squirrels have disappeared from the forest because of increased predator hunting efficiency associated with shrub *** have occurred for 2 reasons:human reintroductions of large ungulates and natural recolonization of mammals and birds extending their geographic *** deliberate rewilding of wood bison(Bison bison)and elk(Cervus canadensis)has changed the trophic structure of this boreal ecosystem very *** natural range expansion of mountain lions(Puma concolor),mule deer(Odocoileus hemionus)and American marten(Martes americana)should have few ecosystem *** potential changes will require long-term monitoring studies and experiments on a scale we rarely deem *** affected by climate change,species reintroductions and human alteration of habitats cannot remain stable and changes will be critically dependent on food web interactions.

关键词： community stability introduced species population cycles trophic dynamics

Low-loss metasurface optics down to the deep ultraviolet region

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Light(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 1488-1497页

作者： Cheng Zhang shawn Divitt Qingbin Fan Wenqi Zhu Amit Agrawal Yanqing Lu Ting Xu Henri j.Lezec School of Optical and Electronic Information&Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and Technology430074 WuhanChina Physical Measurement Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology20899 GaithersburgMDUSA Maryland Nanocenter University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University210093 NanjingChina

Shrinking conventional optical systems to chip-scale dimensions will benefit custom applications in imaging,displaying,sensing,spectroscopy,and *** this goal,metasurfaces-planar arrays of subwavelength electromagnetic structures that collectively mimic the functionality of thicker conventional optical elements-have been exploited at frequencies ranging from the microwave range up to the visible ***,we demonstrate highperformance metasurface optical components that operate at ultraviolet wavelengths,including wavelengths down to the record-short deep ultraviolet range,and perform representative wavefront shaping functions,namely,highnumerical-aperture lensing,accelerating beam generation,and hologram *** constituent nanostructured elements of the metasurfaces are formed of hafnium oxide-a loss-less,high-refractive-index dielectric material deposited using low-temperature atomic layer deposition and patterned using high-aspect-ratio Damascene *** study opens the way towards low-form factor,multifunctional ultraviolet nanophotonic platforms based on flat optical components,enabling diverse applications including lithography,imaging,spectroscopy,and quantum information processing.

关键词： ultraviolet optics collective

Is there a latitudinal gradient in the proportion of species with spinescence?

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journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第2期10卷 294-300页

作者： Marianne L.Tindall Fiona j.Thomson shawn W.Laffan Angela T.Moles School of Biological Earth and Environmental SciencesUNSW AustraliaNSW 2052Australia Ecosystems&Global Change Team Landcare ResearchLincoln 7640New Zealand

Aims We aimed to test the hypothesis that plants that grow at lower lati-tudes will be better structurally defended than plants from higher *** We collated binary spinescence data for 5145 species across Australia and New *** dataset spanned 35°of latitude,and included over 1 million observations,making it the larg-est empirical study ever conducted for a single physical defence trait.A weighted logistic regression was applied first within Australia and New Zealand separately,and then across the com-bined *** Findings There was no significant latitudinal gradient in the proportion of spe-cies with spinescence in Australia or New Zealand,or in the overall *** is,plant species are no more likely to be defended by spines at low latitudes than at high *** finding is counter to the idea that plant defences increase with latitude due to increased selective pressure from higher levels of *** suggest that future studies should investigate the relationship between herbivory and defence directly,without using latitude as a proxy.

关键词： latitude physical defence plant-herbivore interactions spine thorn structural defence

Genome and clonal hematopoiesis stability contrasts with immune,cfDNA,mitochondrial,and telomere length changes during short duration spaceflight

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Precision Clinical Medicine 2024年第1期7卷 1-13页

作者： j.Sebastian Garcia-Medina Karolina Sienkiewicz S.Anand Narayanan Eliah G.Overbey Kirill Grigorev Krista A.Ryon Marissa Burke jacqueline Proszynski Braden Tierney Caleb M.Schmidt Nuria Mencia-Trinchant Remi Klotz Veronica Ortiz jonathan Foox Christopher Chin Deena Najjar Irina Matei Irenaeus Chan Carlos Cruchaga Ashley Kleinman jangKeun Kim Alexander Lucaci Conor Loy Omary Mzava Iwijn De Vlaminck Anvita Singaraju Lynn E.Taylor julian C.Schmidt Michael A.Schmidt Kelly Blease juan Moreno Andrew Boddicker junhua Zhao Bryan Lajoie Andrew Altomare Semyon Kruglyak shawn Levy Min Yu Duane C.Hassane Susan M.Bailey Kelly Bolton jaime Mateus Christopher E.Mason Department of Physiology and Biophysics Weill Cornell MedicineCornell UniversityNew YorkNY 10021USA The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10021USA Department of Immunology Weill Cornell MedicineCornell UniversityNew YorkNY 10021USA Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90033USA Space Exploration Technologies Corporation HawthomeCA 90250USA Sovaris Aerospace BoulderCO 80302USA Advanced Pattern Analysis&Human Performance Group BoulderCO 80302USA Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental BiologyDrukier Institute for Children's HealthMeyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10021USA Meyer Cancer Center Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10065USA Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFL 32306USA Department of Systems Engineering Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA Element Biosciences San DiegoCA 10055USA Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA Cell and Molecular Biology Program Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA BioAstra Inc New YorkNYUSA Washington University St Louis Oncology Division St.LouisMO 63100USA Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute Weill Cornell MedicineNY 10021USA WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10021USA

Background The Inspiration4(I4)mission,the first all-civilian orbital flight mission,investigated the physiological effects of short-duration spaceflight through a multi-omic *** advances,there remains much to learn about human adaptation to spaceflight's unique challenges,including microgravity,immune system perturbations,and radiation *** To provide a detailed genetics analysis of the mission,we collected dried blood spots pre-,during,and post-flight for DNA *** length was measured by quantitative PCR,while whole genome and cfDNA sequencing provided insight into genomic stability and immune adaptations.A robust bioinformatic pipeline was used for data analysis,including variant calling to assess mutational *** Telomere elongation occurred during spaceflight and shortened after return to ***-free DNA analysis revealed increased immune cell signatures *** significant clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential(CHIP)or whole-genome instability was *** long-term gene expression changes across immune cells suggested cellular adaptations to the space environment persisting months *** Our findings provide valuable insights into the physiological consequences of short-duration spaceflight,with telomere dynamics and immune cell gene expression adapting to spaceflight and persisting after return to *** sequencing data will serve as a reference point for studying the early development of CHIP in astronauts,an understudied phenomenon as previous studies have focused on career *** study will serve as a reference point for future commercial and non-commercial spaceflight,low Earth orbit(LEO)missions,and deep-space exploration.

关键词： genomes clonal hematopoiesis stability immune mitochondria ribosomes spaceflight

Neuroplasticity in post-stroke gait recovery and noninvasive brain stimulation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第12期10卷 2072-2080页

作者： Yi Xu Qing-hua Hou shawn D.Russell Bradford C.Bennett Andrew j.Sellers Qiang Lin Dong-feng Huang Department of Rehabilitation Medicine the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Clinical Translation Motion Analysis and Motor Performance Laboratory Department of Orthopedics and Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Virginia Department of Neurology Guangdong No.2 Provincial People’s Hospital H.C Sweere Center for Clinical Biomechanics and Applied Ergonomics Northwestern Health Science University Department of Radiology Naval Medical Center Portsmouth

Gait disorders drastically affect the quality of life of stroke survivors,making post-stroke rehabilitation an important research *** brain stimulation has potential in facilitating neuroplasticity and improving post-stroke gait ***,a large inter-individual variability in the response to noninvasive brain stimulation interventions has been increasingly *** first review the neurophysiology of human gait and post-stroke neuroplasticity for gait recovery,and then discuss how noninvasive brain stimulation techniques could be utilized to enhance gait *** post-stroke neuroplasticity for gait recovery is characterized by use-dependent plasticity,it evolves over time,is idiosyncratic,and may develop maladaptive ***,noninvasive brain stimulation has limited reach capability and is facilitative-only in ***,we recommend that noninvasive brain stimulation be used adjunctively with rehabilitation training and other concurrent neuroplasticity facilitation ***,when noninvasive brain stimulation is applied for the rehabilitation of gait impairment in stroke survivors,stimulation montages should be customized according to the specific types of neuroplasticity found in each *** could be done using multiple mapping techniques.

关键词： nerve regeneration stroke cerebrovascular disorders transcranial magnetic stimulation neuroplasticity transcranial direct current stimulation electrical stimulation therapy gait walking gait disorders rehabilitation neural regeneration

Is it necessary to fuse to the pelvis when correcting scoliosis in cerebral palsy?

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World journal of Orthopedics 2022年第4期13卷 365-372页

作者： Shane F Strom Matthew C Hess Achraf H jardaly Michael j Conklin shawn R Gilbert Department of Orthopaedics University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAl 35294United States Department of Orthopaedics The Hughston Clinic/Hughston FoundationColumbusGA 31908United States

BACKGROUND Neuromuscular scoliosis is commonly associated with a large pelvic *** in children with cerebral palsy is most commonly managed with posterior spinal instrumentation and *** consensus is reached regarding the proximal starting point of fusion,controversy exists as to whether the distal level of spinal fusion should include the pelvis to correct the pelvic *** To assess the role of pelvic fusion in posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion,particularly it impact on pelvic obliquity correction,and to assess if the rate of complications differed as a function of pelvic *** This was a retrospective,cohort study in which we reviewed the medical records of children with cerebral palsy scoliosis treated with posterior instrumentation and fusion at a single *** follow-up was six *** were stratified into two groups:Those who were fused to the pelvis and those fused to L4/*** major outcomes were complications and radiographic *** former were stratified into major and minor complications,and the latter consisted of preoperative and final Cobb angles,L5-S1 tilt and pelvic *** The study included 47 *** correction of the L5 tilt was 60%in patients fused to the pelvis and 67%in patients fused to L4/L5(P=0.22).The pelvic obliquity was corrected by 43%and 36%in each group,respectively(P=0.12).Regarding complications,patients fused to the pelvis had more total complications as compared to the other group(63.0%vs 30%,respectively,P=0.025).After adjusting for differences in radiographic parameters(lumbar curve,L5 tilt,and pelvic obliquity),these patients had a 79%increased chance of developing complications(Relative risk=1.79;95%CI:1.011-3.41).CONCLUSION Including the pelvis in the distal level of fusion for cerebral palsy scoliosis places patients at an increased risk of postoperative *** added value that pelvic fusion offers in terms of correcting

关键词： Cerebral palsy Scoliosis Pelvic fusion Pelvic obliquity Spinal fusion Distal lumbar level

Advanced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis cirrhosis: A high-risk population for pre-liver transplant portal vein thrombosis

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World journal of Hepatology 2017年第3期9卷 139-146页

作者： jonathan G Stine Curtis K Argo shawn j Pelletier Daniel G Maluf Stephen H Caldwell Patrick G Northup Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine Center for the Study of Coagulation Disorders in Liver Disease University of Virginia Division of Transplant Department of Surgery University of Virginia

AIMTo examine if liver transplant recipients with high-risk non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are at increased risk for pre-transplant portal venous thrombosis. METHODSData on all liver transplants in the United States from February 2002 through September 2014 were analyzed. Recipients were sorted into three distinct groups: High-risk (age > 60, body mass index > 30 kg/m2, hypertension and diabetes), low-risk and non-NASH cirrhosis. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed. RESULTSThirty-five thousand and seventy-two candidates underwent liver transplantation and of those organ recipients, 465 were transplanted for high-risk and 2775 for low-risk NASH. Two thousand six hundred and twenty-six (7.5%) recipients had pre-transplant portal vein thrombosis; 66 (14.2%) of the high-risk NASH group had portal vein thrombosis vs 328 (11.8%) of the low-risk NASH group. In general, all NASH recipients were less likely to be male or African American and more likely to be obese. In adjusted multivariable regression analyses, high-risk recipients had the greatest risk of pre-transplant portal vein thrombosis with OR = 2.11 (95%CI: 1.60-2.76, P CONCLUSIONLiver transplant candidates with high-risk NASH are at the greatest risk for portal vein thrombosis development prior to transplantation. These candidates may benefit from interventions to decrease their likelihood of clot formation and resultant downstream hepatic decompensating events. Prospective study is needed.

关键词： Liver transplantation Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Portal hypertension Hepatology Coagulopathy

On the cratonization of the Arabian-Nubian Shield: Constraints from gneissic granitoids in south Eastern Desert, Egypt

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第4期12卷 215-243页

作者： Ali A.Khudeir jean-Louis Paquette Kirsten Nicholson Åke johansson Tyrone O.Rooney Sadiq Hamid Mohamed A.El-Fadly Loretta Corcoran shawn j.Malone Mohamed Ali Abu El-Rus Geology Department Faculty of ScienceAssiut University71516Egypt UniversitéClermont Auvergne CNRSIRDOPGCLaboratoire Magmas et VolcansF-63000 Clermont-FerrandFrance Ball-State University Department of EnvironmentGeology and Natural Resources117 Fine Art BuildingMuncieIN 47306USA Department of Geosciences Swedish Museum of Natural HistoryBox 50007SE-10405 StockholmSweden Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Michigan-State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Notre Dame University Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences156 Fitzpatrick HallNotre DameIN 46556USA

The Shaitian granite complex(SGC)spans more than 80 Ma of crustal growth in the Arabian–Nubian Shield in southeast *** is a voluminous composite intrusion(60 km2)comprising a host tonalite massif intruded by subordinate dyke-like masses of trondhjemite,granodiorite and *** host tonalite,in turn,encloses several,fine-grained amphibolite enclaves.U-Pb zircon dating indicates a wide range of crystallization ages within the SGC(800±18Ma for tonalites;754±3.9 Ma for trondhjemite;738±3.8 Ma for granodiorite;and 717±3.2 Ma for monzogranite),suggesting crystallization of independent magma *** high positiveεNdi(+6–+8)indicate that the melting sources were dominated by juvenile material without any significant input from older *** of zircon saturation geothermometry indicates increasing temperatures during the generation of melts from 745±31℃ for tonalite to 810±25℃ for trondhjemite;840±10℃ for granodiorite;and 868±10℃ for *** pressure of partial melting is loosely constrained to be below the stability of residual garnet(3 kbar for the stability of residual amphibole as inferred from the significantly lower NbN and tan compared with LREEN and the sub-chondrite Nb/Ta ratios exhibited by the granitic *** inverse relation between the generation temperatures and the ages estimates of the granitoid lithologies argue against a significant role of fractional *** major and trace element contents indicate the emplacement of the SGC within a subduction zone *** lacks distinctive features for melt derived from a subducted slab(*** Sr/Y and high(La/Yb)N ratios),and the relatively low MgO and Ni contents in all granite phases within the SGC suggest melting within the lower crust of an island arc overlying a *** melts produced during melting experiments indicates an amphibolite of basaltic composition is th

关键词： Arabian-Nubian Shield(ANS) Cratonization Fractional crystallization Partial melting Subduction zones Tonalite-Trondhjemite-granodiorite(TTG)

Comprehensive study of a versatile polyol synthesis approach for cathode materials for Li-ion batteries

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Nano Research 2019年第9期12卷 2238-2249页

作者： Hyeseung Chung Antonin Grenier Ricky Huang Xuefeng Wang Zachary Lebens-Higgins jean-Marie Doux shawn Sallis Chengyu Song Peter Ercius Karena Chapman Louis F.j.Piper Hyung-Man Cho Minghao Zhang Ying Shirley Meng Department of NanoEngineering University of CaliforniaSan DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA Chemistry Department Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY 11794USA Department of Physics Applied Physics and AstronomyBinghamton UniversityBinghamtonNY 13902USA Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory1 Cyclotron RoadBerkeleyCA 94720USA National Center for Electron Microscopy Molecular FoundryLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA

This work reports a comprehensive study of a novel polyol method that can successfully synthesize layered LiNi0.4Mn0.4Co0.2O2,spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4,and olivine LiCoPO4 cathode *** properly designed,polyol method offers many advantages such as low cost,ease of use,and proven scalability for industrial *** importantly,the unique properties of polyol solvent allow for greater morphology control as shown by all the resulting materials exhibiting monodispersed nanoparticles *** morphology contributes to improved lithium ion transport due to short diffusion ***-synthesized LiNi0.4Mn0.4Co0.2O2 delivers a reversible capacity of 101 and 82 mAh.g-1 using high current rate of 5C and 10C,*** also displays surprisingly high surface structure stability after chargedischarge *** step of the reaction was investigated to understand the underlying polyol synthesis mechanism.A combination of in situ and ex situ studies reveal the structural and chemical transformation of Ni-Co alloy nanocrystals overwrapped by a Mn-and Li-embedded organic matrix to a sedes of intermediate phases,and then eventually to the desired layered oxide phase with a homogeneous distribution of Ni,Co,and *** envisage that this type of analysis will promote the development of optimized synthesis protocols by establishing links between experimental factors and important structural and chemical properties of the desired *** insights can open a new direction of research to synthesize high-performance intercalation compounds by allowing unprecedented control of intermediate phases using experimental parameters.

关键词： polyol cathode synthesis nanoparticle LiNi0.4Mn0.4Co0.2O2(NMC)